Matti Narkia's List: Anti-inflammatory Lipid Mediators

Resolvins are compounds that are made by the human body from the omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). They are produced by the COX-2 pathway especially in the presence of aspirin. Experimental evidence indicates that resolvins reduce cellular inflammation by inhibiting the production and transportation of inflammatory cells and chemicals to the sites of inflammation. They are released and used immunologically by the kidneys as a tool against acute renal failure, when it occurs

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Neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1) is a docosanoid derived from the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which is a component of fish oil and the most important omega-3 PUFA. NPD1 exerts potent anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic bioactivity at nanomolar concentrations in a variety of experimental models of brain and retinal disease

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Lipoxins are a series of anti-inflammatory mediators. Lipoxins are short lived endogenously produced nonclassic eicosanoids whose appearance in inflammation signals the resolution of inflammation. They are abbreviated as LX, an acronym for lipoxygenase (LO) interaction products. At present two lipoxins have been identified; lipoxin A4 (LXA4) and lipoxin B4 (LXB4)

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Resolvins, docosatrienes, and neuroprotectins, novel omega-3-derived mediators, and their aspirin-triggered endogenous epimers: an overview of their protective roles in catabasis.
Serhan CN, Gotlinger K, Hong S, Arita M.
Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 2004 Apr;73(3-4):155-72. Review.
PMID: 15290791

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2004 April study review omega-3 EPA DHA resolvins protectins catabasis anti-inflammatory aspirin nutrition medline RvE1 RvD1 neuroprotective neuroprotectins docosatrienes on 2009-04-05

Novel omega -- 3-derived local mediators in anti-inflammation and resolution.
Serhan CN.
Pharmacol Ther. 2005 Jan;105(1):7-21. Review.
PMID: 15626453
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2004.09.002

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2005 January study review anti-inflammatory lipid_mediators omega-3 EPA DHA fish_oil leukocytes eicosanoids aspirin inflammation resolution lipoxin lipoxins omega-6 AA resolvins resolvin docosatrienes neuroprotectins neuroprotectin nutrition medline on 2009-04-05 and saved by 2 people

Controlling inflammation: a fat chance?
Flower RJ, Perretti M.
J Exp Med. 2005 Mar 7;201(5):671-4. Review.
PMID: 15753201
doi:10.1084/jem.20050222

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2005 March study review health nutrition arachidonic_acid omega-6 AA omega-3 EPA inflammation anti-inflammatory COX-2 resolvin resolvins resolvin_ E1 RvE1 NF-kappaB NF-kB fish_oil medline on 2009-04-04

March 7, 2005
Boston, MA - The anti-inflammatory effect of fish oils appears to be due to a powerful anti-inflammatory compound called resolvin (resolution-phase interaction product) E1, which is produced from eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), Dr Makoto Arita (Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA) and colleagues report in the March 7, 2005 issue of the Journal of Experimental Medicine [1]. Arita writes, "At nanomolar levels, resolvin E1 dramatically reduced dermal inflammation, peritonitis, dendritic cell migration, and interleukin (IL)-12 production.

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2005 March medscape news omega-3 EPA resolvin resolvins E1 RvE1 resolvin_E1 fish_oil anti-inflammatory COX-2 inhibitors COX-2_inhibitors inhibitor inflammation nutrition IL-12 peritonitis ChemR23 receptor ChemR23_receptor NF-kappaB TNF-alpha on 2009-04-05 and saved by 2 people

Stereochemical assignment, antiinflammatory properties, and receptor for the omega-3 lipid mediator resolvin E1.
Arita M, Bianchini F, Aliberti J, Sher A, Chiang N, Hong S, Yang R, Petasis NA, Serhan CN.
J Exp Med. 2005 Mar 7;201(5):713-22.
PMID: 15753205
oi:10.1084/jem.20042031

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2005 March study research in_vitro in_vivo animal_study omega-3 EPA resolvin resolvins E1 resolvin_E1 anti-inflammatory COX-2 inhibitors COX-2_inhibitors inhibitor inflammation nutrition IL-12 peritonitis ChemR23 receptor NF-kappaB medline aspirin on 2009-04-04

In the November issue of the journal Chemistry and Biology, these researchers add another novel compound to the list of resolvins.  It goes by the acronym RvE2 and belongs to the “E series” of resolvins, meaning the compound is generated from eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), the heart-protecting omega-3 fatty acids in fish oil.  This new EPA-derived mediator is produced as an intermediate in a biosynthetic pathway that yields the earlier described resolvin E1.  Interestingly, this pathway is mediated by the enzyme 5-lipoxygenase, which also catalyzes pro-inflammatory signals.  According to the authors, whether 5-lipoxygenase catalyzes a stop-or-go inflammatory signal “appears to be determined via substrate availability” during the time course of an inflammatory response.  “Hence, it might be useful to consider resolvins such as RvE2 as endogenous agonists of anti-inflammation and as potential therapeutics,” they noted.

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2008 news new resolvin resolvins E2 resolvin_E2 RvE2 5-LOX anti-inflammatory omega-3 EPA lipid_mediators inflammation resoluton on 2009-03-25

Novel chemical mediators in the resolution of inflammation: resolvins and protectins.
Serhan CN.
Anesthesiol Clin. 2006 Jun;24(2):341-64. Review.
PMID: 16927933

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2006 June study review resolvins resolvin protectins protectin inflammation resolution anti-inflammatory lipid_mediators omega-3 EPA DHA fish nutrition medline on 2009-04-05

Novel eicosanoid and docosanoid mediators: resolvins, docosatrienes, and neuroprotectins.
Serhan CN.
Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2005 Mar;8(2):115-21. Review.
PMID: 15716788

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2005 March study review resolvins resolvin docosatrienes docosatriene protectins protectin neuroprotectins neuroprotectin omega-3 EPA DHA anti-inflammatory lipid_mediators nutrition medline protective on 2009-04-05

RvE1 protects from local inflammation and osteoclast- mediated bone destruction in periodontitis.
Hasturk H, Kantarci A, Ohira T, Arita M, Ebrahimi N, Chiang N, Petasis NA, Levy BD, Serhan CN, Van Dyke TE.
FASEB J. 2006 Feb;20(2):401-3. Epub 2005 Dec 22.
PMID: 16373400
doi:10.1096/fj.05-4724fje

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2006 February FASEB study research in_vitro neutrophil_tissue CVD inflammatory_diseases inflammation periodontitis resolvins resolvin E1 resolvin_E1 RvE1 bone health bone_health omega-3 EPA nutrition medline aspirin lipoxin lipoxins on 2009-04-05

Resolving inflammation: dual anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution lipid mediators.
Serhan CN, Chiang N, Van Dyke TE.
Nat Rev Immunol. 2008 May;8(5):349-61. Review.
PMID: 18437155
doi:10.1038/nri2294

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2008 May study review anti-inflammatory pro-resolution resolution resolving inflammation lipid mediators lipid_mediators resolvins resolvin protectins lipoxins lipoxin nutrition medline omega-3 EPA DHA omega-6 AA eicosanoids on 2009-04-05

New endogenous anti-inflammatory and proresolving lipid mediators: implications for rheumatic diseases.
Yacoubian S, Serhan CN.
Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol. 2007 Oct;3(10):570-9; quiz 1 p following 589. Review.
PMID: 17906612

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2007 October study review anti-inflammatory proresolving pro-resolving lipid mediators lipid_mediators resolvins resolvin protectins protectin lipoxin rheumatic diseases chronic inflammatory nutrition medline omega-3 EPA DHA on 2009-04-05

Endogenous lipid mediators in the resolution of airway inflammation.
Haworth O, Levy BD.
Eur Respir J. 2007 Nov;30(5):980-92. R

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2007 November study review anti-inflammatory lipid mediators lipid_mediators acute inflammation airway asthma resolution lipoxins resolvins protectins cyclopentenones presqualene_diphosphate omega-3 nutriton medline lipoxin resolvin protectin on 2009-04-05

Modulation of inflammatory cytokines by omega-3 fatty acids.
Kang JX, Weylandt KH.
Subcell Biochem. 2008;49:133-43. Review.
PMID: 18751910

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2008 study review inflammatory cytokines modulation omega-3 fatty_acids anti-inflammatory lipid mediators lipid_mediators resolvins resolvin protectins protectin nutrition medline PGE2 LTB4 COX-2 TNF-alpha NF-kappaB IL-1beta on 2009-04-05 and saved by 2 people

Immunomodulation by omega-3 fatty acids.
Calder PC.
Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2007 Nov-Dec;77(5-6):327-35. Epub 2007 Nov 26. Review.
PMID: 18032006
doi:10.1016/j.plefa.2007.10.015

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2007 November study review immunomodulation omega-3 EPA DHA docosanoids resolvins resolvin immune cells cell membrane membranes anti-iflammatory lipid_mediators nutrition medline omega-6 AA eicosanoids on 2009-04-05 and saved by 2 people

Omega-3 fatty acids, pro-inflammatory signaling and neuroprotection.
Bazan NG.
Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2007 Mar;10(2):136-41. Review.
PMID: 17285000

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2007 March study review omega-3 DHA resolvins 17R-DHA neuroprotectins neuroprotectin_D1 NPD1 aspirin docosanoids anti-inflammatory lipid_mediators nutrition medline neuroprotective brain stroke Alzheimer's_disease Alzheimer's on 2009-04-05 and saved by 2 people

Modulation of inflammation in brain: a matter of fat.
Farooqui AA, Horrocks LA, Farooqui T.
J Neurochem. 2007 May;101(3):577-99. Epub 2007 Jan 25. Review.
PMID: 17257165
DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.04371.x

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2007 May study review inflammation brain modulation fat omega-6 AA lipoxins lipoxin omega-3 DHA eicosanoids docosanoids cytokines resolvins neuroprotectins neurodegenerative diseases neurodegenerative_diseases nutrition medline neuroinflammation NF-kappaB on 2009-04-05 and saved by 2 people

Lipoxins and resolvins in inflammatory bowel disease.
Weylandt KH, Kang JX, Wiedenmann B, Baumgart DC.
Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2007 Jun;13(6):797-9. Review.
PMID: 17262807

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2007 June study review inflammatory_bowel_disease IBS lipoxins lipoxin resolvins resolvin inflammation immunology dendritic_cells omega-3 omega-6 T-regs Tregs T_cells nutrition medline anti-inflammatory lipid_mediators immune system immune_system on 2009-04-05