• Four core principles, Whitman said, should guide every educator:

   
   
  1. Neuroplasticity—the brain can change and improve at any age, and adolescence is an especially dynamic period.
   
  2. All learning is cognitive, social, and emotional; a sense of belonging is required before deeper learning can occur.
   
  3. New information sticks best when explicitly linked to what students already know.
   
  4. Students benefit from “desirable difficulty”—tasks that feel effortful but produce stronger long-term retention.

• connect new words with the concepts they are studying
• Interactive Word Walls are visual aids that display key vocabulary words prominently in the classroom
• Teach vocabulary in context to help students grasp the nuanced meanings of words.
• Active Reading Strategies
• personal vocabulary-building tool.
• everage technology to make vocabulary development engaging.

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• In the science of reading, vocabulary refers to the collection of words that a reader understands, recognizes, and can use effectively in their reading and writing. It encompasses both oral vocabulary (words we understand and use in speaking) and print vocabulary (words we recognize and understand in reading). Vocabulary development is a multifaceted process that involves word learning, comprehension, and retention.
• Explicit vocabulary instruction refers to a deliberate and systematic approach to teaching vocabulary, where educators directly and clearly teach specific words and their meanings to students. This method emphasizes the direct instruction of words, their definitions, and often includes strategies for using and applying these words effectively in reading, writing, and oral communication.
  
• Students grasp word meanings better when they see words used naturally in sentences and stories, allowing for a more profound connection to the text.

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• Tier 1 words are basic words that students typically know
• Tier 2 words are those that are often used in classrooms and extend
• Tier 3 words are highly specific for each content area, and are housed within a particular subject.
• It’s the Tier 2 words that need extra attention in our classrooms.

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