Internet Society (ISOC) All About The Internet: History of the Internet

03 Sep 15

30 Aug 15

Serge Courrier

internet Web [history]

13 Jun 13

Fredrik Graver

pedagogy mediestudier The Internet

13 Dec 11

shineon001

mms115

25 Oct 11

Cathryn Chellis

The Internet is as much a collection of communities as a collection of technologies, and its success is largely attributable to both satisfying basic community needs as well as utilizing the community in an effective way to push the infrastructure forward
The Internet is as much a collection of communities as a collection of technologies, and its success is largely attributable to both satisfying basic community needs as well as utilizing the community in an effective way to push the infrastructure forward
Internet is as much a collection of communities as a collection of technologies, and its success is largely attributable to both satisfying basic community needs as well as utilizing the community in an effective way to push the infrastructure forward
Internet is as much a collection of communities as a collection of technologies, and its success is largely attributable to both satisfying basic community needs as well as utilizing the community in an effective way to push the infrastructure forward
Internet is as much a collection of communities as a collection of technologies, and its success is largely attributable to both satisfying basic community needs as well as utilizing the community in an effective way to push the infrastructure forward
Internet is as much a collection of communities as a collection of technologies, and its success is largely attributable to both satisfying basic community needs as well as utilizing the community in an effective way to push the infrastructure forward

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05 Sep 11

Josh Stenger

history internet 231

30 Aug 11

history web networking research computers reference internet arpanet darpa

The Internet is at once a world-wide broadcasting capability, a mechanism for information dissemination, and a medium for collaboration
without regard for geographic location.
most successful examples of the benefits of sustained investment and commitment to research and development
the government, industry and academia have been partners
This history revolves around four distinct aspects
technological evolution
ARPANET
operations and management aspect
social aspect,
commercialization aspect
Internauts
prototype of what is often called the National (or Global or Galactic) Information Infrastructure.
use of online tools to accomplish electronic commerce, information acquisition, and community operations.
The first recorded description of the social interactions that could be enabled through networking
J.C.R. Licklider of MIT in August 1962 discussing his "Galactic Network" concept
globally interconnected set of computers
DARPA
theoretical feasibility of communications using packets
1964. Kleinrock convinced Roberts of the
1965 working with Thomas Merrill
Mass. to the Q-32 in California with a low speed dial-up telephone line creating the first (however small) wide-area computer network ever built.
circuit switched telephone system was totally inadequate
to develop the computer network concept
late 1966 Roberts went to DARPA
publishing it in 1967
work at MIT (1961-1967), at RAND (1962-1965), and at NPL (1964-1967) had all proceeded in parallel without any of the researchers knowing about the other work
early development of packet switching theory and his focus on analysis, design and measurement, his Network Measurement Center at UCLA was selected to be the first node on the ARPANET
September 1969
"Augmentation of Human Intellect" (which included NLS, an early hypertext system
end of 1969, four host computers were connected together into the initial ARPANET
investigating methods of 3-D representations over the net
1972 that the initial "hot" application, electronic mail, was introduced
email took off as the largest network application for over a decade.
enormous growth of all kinds of "people-to-people" traffic.
The original ARPANET grew into the Internet.
The Internet as we now know it embodies a key underlying technical idea, namely that of open architecture networking.
selected freely by a provider and made to interwork with the other networks through a meta-level "Internetworking Architecture"
In an open-architecture network, the individual networks may be separately designed and developed
Each network can be designed in accordance with the specific environment and user requirements of that network.
open-architecture networking was first introduced by Kahn shortly after having arrived at DARPA in 1972.
"Internetting".
reliable end-end protocol that could maintain effective communication in the face of jamming and other radio interference
new version of the protocol which could meet the needs of an open-architecture network environment
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP).
Each distinct network would have to stand on its own
Communications would be on a best effort basis.
Black boxes would be used to connect the networks
no information retained by the gateways
There would be no global control at the operations level.

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28 Aug 11

Diane Fawcett

May be useful for T.J.

Library Resource History Technology

21 Aug 11

Liz Haynes

technology Internet_about internet LIS558

05 Jul 11

Brian Beaver

history isoc computers networking web research reference workshop

03 Jun 11

Laura Boone

28 May 11

Joel Cohen

iPad

25 May 11

Lisa Durff

He envisioned a globally interconnected set of computers through which everyone could quickly access data and programs from any site.

14 May 11

Tom McDermitt

10 May 11

Brandoh Oh

Leiner B., Cerf V., Clark D., Kahn R., Kleinrock L., Lynch D., Postel J., Roberts L., Wolff S., (2003), A brief history of Internet, Obtenido el 11 de Abril desde:http://www.isoc.org/internet/history/brief.shtml

22 Mar 11

STEPHEN wcta

The Internet has revolutionized the computer and communications world like nothing before. The invention of the telegraph, telephone, radio, and computer set the stage for this unprecedented integration of capabilities. The Internet is at once a world-wide broadcasting capability, a mechanism for information dissemination, and a medium for collaboration and interaction between individuals and their computers without regard for geographic location.

Government Politics and Employment

01 Mar 11

Mel Field

18 Feb 11

K T

slide3

SMBBslidelinks internet history web reference research read timeline fun internethistory internet_history technology computers

13 Feb 11

Semira Soraya-Kandan

internet history #20111107

09 Feb 11

dgermundson

history internet web

16 Dec 10

Robert Graff III

first paper on packet switching theory
the circuit switched telephone system was totally inadequate for the job
Interface Message Processors (IMP's)
Network Control Protocol (NCP)
key underlying technical idea, namely that of open architecture networking
NCP relied on ARPANET to provide end-to-end reliability.
Kahn decided to develop a new version of the protocol which could meet the needs of an open-architecture network environment
(TCP/IP)
"pipelining"
Gateway functions
forward packets
Interfacing with the various operating systems
he asked Vint Cerf
Kahn's architectural approach
Cerf's NCP experience
Flow control
sliding windows and acknowledgments (acks)
position of any octet in the stream would be used to identify it
Although Ethernet was under development at Xerox PARC at that time, the proliferation of LANs were not envisioned at the time, much less PCs and workstations. The original model was national level networks like ARPANET of which only a relatively small number were expected to exist. Thus a 32 bit IP address was used of which the first 8 bits signified the network and the remaining 24 bits designated the host on that network. This assumption, that 256 networks would be sufficient for the foreseeable future, was clearly in need of reconsideration when LANs began to appear in the late 1970s
IP which
provided only for addressing and forwarding of individual packets
TCP, which
concerned with service features such as flow control and recovery from lost packets
(UDP)
the general purpose nature of the service provided by TCP and IP that makes this possible.
three network classes (A, B, and C)
A major shift occurred
Domain Name System (DNS)
Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP)
Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP)
(CIDR)
Looking back, the strategy of incorporating Internet protocols into a supported operating system for the research community was one of the key elements in the successful widespread adoption of the Internet.
The Role of Documentation
Request for Comments (or RFC)
Email
As the current rapid expansion of the Internet is fueled by the realization of its capability to promote information sharing, we should understand that the network's first role in information sharing was sharing the information about it's own design and operation through the RFC documents. This unique method for evolving new capabilities in the network will continue to be critical to future evolution of the Internet.
Formation of the Broad Community
collection of communities as a collection of technologies,
an increased need for coordination mechanisms
This growth was complemented by a major expansion in the community. No longer was DARPA the only major player in the funding of the Internet. In addition to NSFNet and the various US and international government-funded activities, interest in the commercial sector was beginning to grow.
in 1985
The growth in the commercial sector brought with it increased concern regarding the standards process itself. Starting in the early 1980's and continuing to this day, the Internet grew beyond its primarily research roots to include both a broad user community and increased commercial activity.
Increased attention was paid to making the process open and fair.
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
Tim Berners-Lee
W3C has taken on the responsibility for evolving the various protocols and standards associated with the Web
The DoD had mandated the use of TCP/IP
in many of its purchases but gave little help to the vendors regarding how to build useful TCP/IP products.
the vendors
The results were surprises on both sides
the inventors
a two way discussion was formed
This self-selected group evolves the TCP/IP suite in a mutually cooperative manner
Network management provides an example of the interplay between the research and commercial communities
Simple Network Management Protocol or SNMP
In the last few years, we have seen a new phase of commercialization. Originally, commercial efforts mainly comprised vendors providing the basic networking products, and service providers offering the connectivity and basic Internet services. The Internet has now become almost a "commodity" service, and much of the latest attention has been on the use of this global information infrastructure for support of other commercial services.
This has been tremendously accelerated by the widespread and rapid adoption of browsers and the World Wide Web technology
the latest developments in technology have been aimed at providing increasingly sophisticated information services on top of the basic Internet data communications.
On October 24, 1995, the FNC unanimously passed a resolution defining the term Internet. This definition was developed in consultation with members of the internet and intellectual property rights communities.
The Federal Networking Council (FNC) agrees that the following language reflects our definition of the term "Internet". "Internet" refers to the global information system that -- (i) is logically linked together by a globally unique address space based on the Internet Protocol (IP) or its subsequent extensions/follow-ons; (ii) is able to support communications using the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) suite or its subsequent extensions/follow-ons, and/or other IP-compatible protocols; and (iii) provides, uses or makes accessible, either publicly or privately, high level services layered on the communications and related infrastructure described herein.
RESOLUTION:
As this paper describes, the architecture of the Internet has always been driven by a core group of designers, but the form of that group has changed as the number of interested parties has grown

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23 Nov 10

Brandi Salazar

future of internet functionality AI

One should not conclude that the Internet has now finished changing. The Internet, although a network in name and geography, is a creature of the computer, not the traditional network of the telephone or television industry. It will, indeed it must, continue to change and evolve at the speed of the computer industry if it is to remain relevant. It is now changing to provide such new services as real time transport, in order to support, for example, audio and video streams. The availability of pervasive networking (i.e., the Internet) along with powerful affordable computing and communications in portable form (i.e., laptop computers, two-way pagers, PDAs, cellular phones), is making possible a new paradigm of nomadic computing and communications.

This evolution will bring us new applications - Internet telephone and, slightly further out, Internet television. It is evolving to permit more sophisticated forms of pricing and cost recovery, a perhaps painful requirement in this commercial world. It is changing to accommodate yet another generation of underlying network technologies with different characteristics and requirements, from broadband residential access to satellites. New modes of access and new forms of service will spawn new applications, which in turn will drive further evolution of the net itself.

20 Oct 10

Mister Dean

internet history

28 Sep 10

pam horse

This site covers the beginning of the internet to present day internet issues.
It is nonprofit organization.

internet history research timeline code of conduct

21 Sep 10

John Hockman

Transition to Widespread Infrastructure
Transition to Widespread Infrastructure
Introduction
Origins of the Internet
The Initial Internetting Concepts
Proving the Ideas
Transition to Widespread Infrastructure
The Role of Documentation
Formation of the Broad Community
Commercialization of the Technology
History of the Future

9 more annotations...

william black

Hey team

history internet

. Beginning with the early research in packet switching
This history revolves around four distinct aspects.
There is the technological evolution that began with early research on packet switching and the ARPANET (and related technologies),
and where current research continues to expand the horizons of the infrastructure along several dimensions
, such as scale, performance, and higher level functionality.
The first recorded description of the social interactions that could be enabled through networking was a series of memos written by J.C.R. Licklider of MIT in August 1962 discussing his "Galactic Network" concept.
using packets rather than circuits
Roberts connected the TX-2 computer in Mass. to the Q-32 in California with a low speed dial-up telephone line creating the first (however small) wide-area computer network ever built.
ircuit switched telephone system was totally inadequate for the job
Interface Message Processors (IMP's)
beginning with the ARPANET as the pioneering packet switching network, but soon to include packet satellite networks, ground-based packet radio networks and other networks
Each distinct network would have to stand on its own and no internal changes could be required to any such network to connect it to the Internet.
Communications would be on a best effort basis. If a packet didn't make it to the final destination, it would shortly be retransmitted from the source.
Black boxes would be used to connect the networks; these would later be called gateways and routers. There would be no information retained by the gateways about the individual flows of packets passing through them, thereby keeping them simple and avoiding complicated adaptation and recovery from various failure modes.
There would be no global control at the operations level.

14 more annotations...

15 Sep 10

kylie chow

This is a description of the internet from clickkids.org

brief history of the internet

30 Aug 10

Sam Faller

As the Internet evolved, one of the major challenges was how to propagate the changes to the software, particularly the host software. DARPA supported UC Berkeley to investigate modifications to the Unix operating system, including incorporating TCP/IP developed at BBN. Although Berkeley later rewrote the BBN code to more efficiently fit into the Unix system and kernel, the incorporation of TCP/IP into the Unix BSD system releases proved to be a critical element in dispersion of the protocols to the research community. Much of the CS research community began to use Unix BSD for their day-to-day computing environment. Looking back, the strategy of incorporating Internet protocols into a supported operating system for the research community was one of the key elements in the successful widespread adoption of the Internet.

22 Jul 10

barjoon1

Edit 651

History of www

internet

11 Jul 10

"Histories of the Internet
A Brief History of the Internet"

history reference networking isoc internet research

05 Jul 10

jason gibson

On October 24, 1995, the FNC unanimously passed a resolution defining the term Internet. This definition was developed in consultation with members of the internet and intellectual property rights communities. RESOLUTION: The Federal Networking Council (FNC) agrees that the following language reflects our definition of the term "Internet". "Internet" refers to the global information system that -- (i) is logically linked together by a globally unique address space based on the Internet Protocol (IP) or its subsequent extensions/follow-ons; (ii) is able to support communications using the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) suite or its subsequent extensions/follow-ons, and/or other IP-compatible protocols; and (iii) provides, uses or makes accessible, either publicly or privately, high level services layered on the communications and related infrastructure described herein.
New modes of access and new forms of service will spawn new applications, which in turn will drive further evolution of the net itself.

17 Feb 10

Esmail Yazdanpour

internet-history history of internet web education network reference networking

16 Feb 10

Guillermina Viruet

internet history

27 Jan 10

Mercury Chaos

internet history

25 Jan 10

CRITIQUE 1:

slis5000

07 Jan 10

Javon-Demetrius Cogmon

The Internet represents one of the most successful examples of the benefits of sustained investment and commitment to research and development of information infrastructure.
This is intended to be a brief, necessarily cursory and incomplete history. Much material currently exists about the Internet, covering history, technology, and usage. A trip to almost any bookstore will find shelves of material written about the Internet. ²
There is the social aspect, which resulted in a broad community of Internauts working together to create and evolve the technology. And there is the commercialization aspect, resulting in an extremely effective transition of research results into a broadly deployed and available information infrastructure.
The Internet today is a widespread information infrastructure, the initial prototype of what is often called the National (or Global or Galactic) Information Infrastructure. Its history is complex and involves many aspects - technological, organizational, and community. And its influence reaches not only to the technical fields of computer communications but throughout society as we move toward increasing use of online tools to accomplish electronic commerce, information acquisition, and community operations.
Leonard Kleinrock at MIT published the first paper on packet switching theory in July 1961 and the first book on the subject in 1964. Kleinrock convinced Roberts of the theoretical feasibility of communications using packets rather than circuits, which was a major step along the path towards computer networking. The other key step was to make the computers talk together. To explore this, in 1965 working with Thomas Merrill, Roberts connected the TX-2 computer in Mass. to the Q-32 in California with a low speed dial-up telephone line creating the first (however small) wide-area computer network ever built. The result of this experiment was the realization that the time-shared computers could work well together, running programs and retrieving data as necessary on the remote machine, but that the circuit switched telephone system was totally inadequate for the job. Kleinrock's conviction of the need for packet switching was confirmed.
It happened that the work at MIT (1961-1967), at RAND (1962-1965), and at NPL (1964-1967) had all proceeded in parallel without any of the researchers knowing about the other work. The word "packet" was adopted from the work at NPL and the proposed line speed to be used in the ARPANET design was upgraded from 2.4 kbps to 50 kbps. ⁵

4 more annotations...

05 Jan 10

Kelsey Garrow

CSC101

09 Dec 09

Kathleen Williams

23 Nov 09

Steve Haywood

internet history

The first recorded description of the social interactions that could be enabled through networking was a series of memos written by J.C.R. Licklider of MIT in August 1962 discussing his "Galactic Network" concept. He envisioned a globally interconnected set of computers through which everyone could quickly access data and programs from any site. In spirit, the concept was very much like the Internet of today. Licklider was the first head of the computer research program at DARPA, ⁴ starting in October 1962. While at DARPA he convinced his successors at DARPA, Ivan Suth
erland, Bob Taylor, and MIT researcher Lawrence G. Roberts, of the importance of this networking concept.

24 Oct 09

Volney Faustini

history web narrativa

14 Oct 09

Marcirio Chaves

internet history web research technology protocol networking ssti

28 Sep 09

Kelcee Ortiz

26 Sep 09

raja sooramurthi

networks

31 Aug 09

Ashley Dvorak

internet

20 Aug 09

NATALIE MOORE

08 Aug 09

Keith Hamilton

- History of Internet<br />
Add Sticky Note

26 Jul 09

Teresa Carr

history reference web networking isoc internet the of

05 Jul 09

José Carlos Ferreira

collectiveintelligence

18 Jun 09

maximira carlota

EAD

08 Jun 09

Grant Slade

internet history

02 Jun 09

iconnect daily

Background on the beginnings of the Internet.

history internet

11 May 09

Silukkelly Silukkelly

The Internet has revolutionized the computer and communications world like nothing before.

Internet

04 May 09

Erithacus rubecula

imported Bookmarks Bookmarks_Menu H805 Block_3

15 Mar 09

Roal Enriquez

Internet Society (ISOC)

history reference web networking isoc

14 Feb 09

Melanie P

Internet

11 Feb 09

Charles Graham

Interesting short article on the origins of the internet

history of the internet

The first recorded description of the social interactions that could be enabled through networking was a series of memos written by J.C.R. Licklider of MIT in August 1962 discussing his "Galactic Network" concept.

22 Jan 09

Mrs. P.

librarytechnology

04 Jan 09

agung apriantara

internet

24 Nov 08

james puglia

computer_history

18 Nov 08

Ruth C

history technology internet

14 Nov 08

Luis Santos

web technology research reference networks knowledge internet

luis santos

web technology research reference networks knowledge internet

14 Oct 08

Jesse Mentken

read computer science history

05 Oct 08

Jose Erigleidson

internet_history

16 Sep 08

Kry 0868

08 Sep 08

carlos Oliver Yebenes

dea

31 Aug 08

helen Green

从 Internet Explorer Study 计算机网络

26 May 08

Jeremy Beaudry

imported web history MMDI_150 mmdi_250 networks delicious-import

16 May 08

Maximillian Kaizen

imported Bookmarks no_tag

10 May 08

Rutger Blom

internet history

22 Apr 08

Amanda V

History of the Future

On October 24, 1995, the FNC unanimously passed a resolution defining the term Internet. This definition was developed in consultation with members of the internet and intellectual property rights communities. RESOLUTION: The Federal Networking Council (FNC) agrees that the following language reflects our definition of the term "Internet". "Internet" refers to the global information system that -- (i) is logically linked together by a globally unique address space based on the Internet Protocol (IP) or its subsequent extensions/follow-ons; (ii) is able to support communications using the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) suite or its subsequent extensions/follow-ons, and/or other IP-compatible protocols; and (iii) provides, uses or makes accessible, either publicly or privately, high level services layered on the communications and related infrastructure described herein.