This link has been bookmarked by 131 people . It was first bookmarked on 30 Nov 2007, by someone privately.
-
06 May 15
-
"a new and restless spirit, seeking violently to burst through old and cramping forms, a nervous preoccupation with perpetually changing inner states of consciousness, a longing for the unbounded and the indefinable, for perpetual movement and change, an effort to return to the forgotten sources of life, a passionate effort at self-assertion both individual and collective, a search after means of expressing an unappeasable yearning for unattainable goals."
-
-
17 Apr 15
-
Romanticism (also the Romantic era or the Romantic period) was an artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in Europe toward the end of the 18th century and in most areas was at its peak in the approximate period from 1800 to 1850. It was partly a reaction to the Industrial Revolution,[1] the aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment, and the scientific rationalization of nature.[2] It was embodied most strongly in the visual arts, music, and literature, but had a major impact on historiography,[3] education,[4] and the natural sciences.[5] It had a significant and complex effect on politics
-
, Realism was offered as a polar opposite to Romanticism
-
primary importance of the free expression of the feelings of the artist.
-
the artist's feeling is his law
-
In order to express these feelings, it was considered that the content of the art needed to come from the imagination of the artist, with as little interference as possible from "artificial" rules dictating what a work should consist of
-
The concept of the genius, or artist who was able to produce his own original work through this process of "creation from nothingness", is key to Romanticism
-
strong belief and interest in the importance of nature
-
In contrast to the usually very social art of the Enlightenment, Romantics were distrustful of the human world, and tended to believe that a close connection with nature was mentally and morally healthy
-
t it was part of the Counter-Enlightenment, a reaction against the Age of Enlightenment, is generally accepted. Its relationship to the French Revolution which began in 1789 in the very early stages of the period, is clearly important, but highly variable depending on geography and individual reactions. Most Romantics can be said to be broadly progressive in their views, but a considerable number always had, or developed, a wide range of conservative views
-
they do not imitate (the doctrine of mimesis), but create not merely the means but the goals that they pursue; these goals represent the self-expression of the artist's own unique, inner vision, to set aside which in response to the demands of some "external" voice — church, state, public opinion, family friends, arbiters of taste
-
Those who speak the same language are joined to each other by a multitude of invisible bonds by nature herself, long before any human art begins; they understand each other and have the power of continuing to make themselves understood more and more clearly; they belong together and are by nature one and an inseparable whole. ...Only when each people, left to itself, develops and forms itself in accordance with its own peculiar quality, and only when in every people each individual develops himself in accordance with that common quality, as well as in accordance with his own peculiar quality—then, and then only, does the manifestation of divinity appear in its true mirror as it ought to be.
-
-
23 Jan 15
-
22 Oct 14
-
Romanticism (also the Romantic era or the Romantic period) was an artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in Europe toward the end of the 18th century and in most areas was at its peak in the approximate period from 1800 to 1850. Partly a reaction to the Industrial Revolution,[1] it was also a revolt against the aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment and a reaction against the scientific rationalization of nature.[
-
The movement validated intense emotion as an authentic source of aesthetic experience, placing new emphasis on such emotions as apprehension, horror and terror, and awe—especially that which is experienced in confronting the sublimity of untamed nature and its picturesque qualities: both new aesthetic categories. It elevated folk art and ancient custom to a noble status, made spontaneity a desirable characteristic (as in the musical impromptu), and argued for a natural epistemology of human activities, as conditioned by
-
beyond the rational and Classicist ideal models to raise a revived medievalism and elements of art and narrative perceived to be authentically medieval in an attempt to escape the confines of population growth, urban sprawl, and industrialism. Romanticism embraced the exotic, the unfamiliar, and the distant in modes more authentic than Rococo chinoiserie, harnessing the power of the imagination to envision and to escape.
-
Romanticism.[6] Romanticism assigned a high value to the achievements of 'heroic' individualists and artists, whose pioneering examples, it maintained, would raise the quality of society. It also vouched for the individual imagination as a critical authority allowed of freedom from classical notions of form in
-
-
15 Oct 14
-
a reaction against the scientific rationalization of nature
-
validated intense emotion as an authentic source of aesthetic experience
-
-
natural epistemology of human activities,
-
prized intuition and emotion over the rationalism of the Enlightenment
-
-
18 Aug 14
-
11 May 14
-
Romanticism (also the Romantic era or the Romantic period) was an artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in Europe toward the end of the 18th century and in most areas was at its peak in the approximate period from 1800 to 1850
-
Partly a reaction to the Industrial Revolution,[1] it was also a revolt against the aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment and a reaction against the scientific rationalization of nature
-
embodied most strongly in the visual arts, music, and literature, but had a major impact on historiography,[3] education[4] and the natural sciences.[5]
-
effect on politics was considerable and complex; while for much of the peak Romantic period it was associated with liberalism and radicalism, its long-term effect on the growth of nationalism was probably more significant
-
The movement validated intense emotion as an authentic source of aesthetic experience, placing new emphasis on such emotions as apprehension, horror and terror, and awe—especially that which is experienced in confronting the sublimity of untamed nature and its picturesque qualities: both new aesthetic categories
-
elevated folk art and ancient custom to a noble status
-
made spontaneity a desirable characteristic
-
argued for a "natural" epistemology of human activities, as conditioned by nature in the form of language and customary usag
-
Romanticism embraced the exotic, the unfamiliar, and the distant in modes more authentic than Rococo chinoiserie, harnessing the power of the imagination to envision and to escape
-
r, and the distant in modes more authentic than Rococo chinoiserie, harnessing the power of the imagination to envision and to escape
-
the events of and ideologies that led to the French Revolution planted the seeds from which both Romanticism and the Counter-Enlightenment sprouted
-
in the second half of the 19th century, "Realism" was offered as a polarized opposite to Romanticism
-
Romanticism assigned a high value to the achievements of 'heroic' individualists and artists, whose pioneering examples, it maintained, would raise the quality of society
-
vouched for the individual imagination as a critical authority allowed of freedom from classical notions of form in art
-
The importance the Romantics placed on untrammelled feeling is summed up in the remark of the German painter Caspar David Friedrich that "the artist's feeling is his law"
-
In order to truly express these feelings, the content of the art must come from the imagination of the artist, with as little interference as possible from "artificial" rules dictating what a work should consist of
-
the influence of models from other works would impede the creator's own imagination, so originality was absolutely essential
-
The concept of the genius, or artist who was able to produce his own original work through this process of "creation from nothingness", is key to Romanticism, and to be derivative was the worst sin
-
romantic originality.
-
a strong belief and interest in the importance of nature. However this is particularly in the effect of nature upon the artist when he is surrounded by it, preferably alone
-
In contrast to the usually very social art of the Enlightenment, Romantics were distrustful of the human world, and tended to believe that a close connection with nature was mentally and morally healthy
-
in literature, "much of romantic poetry invited the reader to identify the protagonists with the poets themselves"
-
only from the 1820s that Romanticism certainly knew itself by its name, and in 1824 the Académie française took the wholly ineffective step of issuing a decree condemning it in literature
-
by the middle of the 18th century "romantic" in English and romantique in French were both in common use as adjectives of praise for natural phenomena such as views and sunsets, in a sense close to modern English usage but without the implied sexual element
-
Romanticism is not easily defined, and the period typically called Romantic varies greatly between different countries and different artistic media or areas of thought
-
Margaret Drabble described it in literature as taking place "roughly between 1770 and 1848"
-
In other fields and other countries the period denominated as Romantic can be considerably different; musical Romanticism, for example, is generally regarded as only having ceased as a major artistic force as late as 1910, but in an extreme extension the Four Last Songs of Richard Strauss are described stylistically as "Late Romantic" and were composed in 1946–48.[23] However in most fields the Romantic Period is said to be over by about 1850, or earlie
-
early period of the Romantic Era was a time of war, with the French Revolution (1789–1799) followed by the Napoleonic Wars until 1815. These wars, along with the political and social turmoil that went along with them, served as the background for Romanticism
-
t was part of the Counter-Enlightenment, a reaction against the Age of Enlightenment, is generally accepted
-
ts relationship to the French Revolution which began in 1789 in the very early stages of the period, is clearly important, but highly variable depending on geography and individual reactions
-
ost Romantics can be said to be broadly progressive in their views, but a considerable number always had, or developed, a wide range of conservative views
-
In philosophy and the history of ideas, Romanticism was seen by Isaiah Berlin as disrupting for over a century the classic Western traditions of rationality and the very idea of moral absolutes and agreed values, leading "to something like the melting away of the very notion of objective truth",[27] and hence not only to nationalism, but also fascism and totalitarianism
-
The painter, the poet, the composer do not hold up a mirror to nature, however ideal, but invent; they do not imitate (the doctrine of mimesis), but create not merely the means but the goals that they pursue; these goals represent the self-expression of the artist's own unique, inner vision, to set aside which in response to the demands of some "external" voice — church, state, public opinion, family friends, arbiters of taste — is an act of betrayal of what alone justifies their existence for those who are in any sense creative
-
An earlier definition comes from Charles Baudelaire: "Romanticism is precisely situated neither in choice of subject nor exact truth, but in the way of feeling."
-
-
-
In literature, Romanticism found recurrent themes in the evocation or criticism of the past, the cult of "sensibility" with its emphasis on women and children, the heroic isolation of the artist or narrator, and respect for a new, wilder, untrammeled and "pure" nature
-
Joseph maintained that invention and imagination were the chief qualities of a poet
-
1774 novel The Sorrows of Young Werther had young men throughout Europe emulating its protagonist, a young artist with a very sensitive and passionate temperament
-
Germany was a multitude of small separate states, and Goethe's works would have a seminal influence in developing a unifying sense of nationalism
-
Important motifs in German Romanticism are travelling, nature, and Germanic myths
-
The later German Romanticism of, for example, E. T. A. Hoffmann's Der Sandmann (The Sandman), 1817, and Joseph Freiherr von Eichendorff's Das Marmorbild (The Marble Statue), 1819, was darker in its motifs and has gothic elements
-
The significance to Romanticism of childhood innocence, the importance of imagination, and racial theories all combined to give an unprecedented importance to folk literature, non-classical mythology and children's literature, above all in Germany
-
The first collection of Grimms' Fairy Tales by the Brothers Grimm was published in 1812
-
Unlike the much later work of Hans Christian Andersen, who was publishing his invented tales in Danish from 1835, these German works were at least mainly based on collected folk tales, and the Grimms remained true to the style of the telling in their early editions, though later rewriting some parts
-
-
17 Apr 14
-
artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in Europe toward the end of the 18th century
-
revolt against the aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment
-
1770 and 1848
-
the group of poets now considered the key figures of the Romantic movement includes William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, John Keats, Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, Percy Bysshe Shelley, and the much older William Blake, followed later by the isolated figure of John Clare.
-
-
12 Apr 14
-
It was embodied most strongly in the visual arts, music, and literature, but had a major impact on historiography,[3] education[4] and the natural sciences.[5
-
peak Romantic period it was associated with liberalism and radicalism, its long-term effect on the growth of nationalism was probably more significant.
-
-
intense emotion
-
harnessing the power of the imagination to envision and to escape.
-
-
10 Apr 14
-
13 Mar 14
-
The movement validated intense emotion as an authentic source of aesthetic experience, placing new emphasis on such emotions as apprehension, horror and terror, and awe—especially that which is experienced in confronting the sublimity of untamed nature and its picturesque qualities: both new aesthetic categories. It elevated folk art and ancient custom to a noble status, made spontaneity a desirable characteristic (as in the musical impromptu), and argued for a "natural" epistemology of human activities, as conditioned by nature in the form of language and customary usage.
-
-
06 Mar 14
-
a revolt against the aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment
-
1800 to 1850
-
the scientific rationalization of nature
-
validated intense emotion as an authentic source of aesthetic experience,
-
which prized intuition and emotion over the rationalism of the Enlightenmen
-
Romanticism assigned a high value to the achievements of 'heroic' individualists and artists, whose pioneering examples, it maintained, would raise the quality of society
-
the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings
-
-
27 Jan 14
-
Romanticism (also the Romantic era or the Romantic period) was an artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in Europe toward the end of the 18th century and in most areas was at its peak in the approximate period from 1800 to 1850. Partly a reaction to the Industrial Revolution,[1] it was also a revolt against the aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment and a reaction against the scientific rationalization of nature.[2] It was embodied most strongly in the visual arts, music, and literature, but had a major impact on historiography,[3] education[4] and the natural sciences.[5] Its effect on politics was considerable and complex; while for much of the peak Romantic period it was associated with liberalism and radicalism, in the long term its effect on the growth of nationalism was probably more significant.
The movement validated strong emotion as an authentic source of aesthetic experience, placing new emphasis on such emotions as apprehension, horror and terror, and awe—especially that which is experienced in confronting the sublimity of untamed nature and its picturesque qualities, both new aesthetic categories. It elevated folk art and ancient custom to something noble, made spontaneity a desirable characteristic (as in the musical impromptu), and argued for a "natural" epistemology of human activities as conditioned by nature in the form of language and customary usage. Romanticism reached beyond the rational and Classicist ideal models to elevate a revived medievalism and elements of art and narrative perceived to be authentically medieval in an attempt to escape the confines of population growth, urban sprawl, and industrialism, and it also attempted to embrace the exotic, unfamiliar, and distant
-
-
18 Jan 14
-
18 Dec 13
-
13 Dec 13
-
an artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in Europe toward the end of the 18th century
-
it was also a revolt against the aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment and a reaction against the scientific rationalization of nature
-
Although the movement was rooted in the German Sturm und Drang movement,
-
the ideologies and events of the French Revolution laid the background from which both Romanticism and the Counter-Enlightenment emerged
-
"Realism" was offered as a polarized opposite to Romanticism.
-
-
10 Dec 13
-
it was also a revolt against the aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment and a reaction against the scientific rationalization of nature
-
Romanticism found recurrent themes in the evocation or criticism of the past
-
emphasis on women and children, the heroic isolation of the artist or narrator, and respect for a new, wilder, untrammeled and "pure" nature
-
-
-
22 Nov 13
Iris van GelderenWikipedia Romanticism
-
Romanticism (also the Romantic era or the Romantic period) was an artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in Europe toward the end of the 18th century and in most areas was at its peak in the approximate period from 1800 to 1850. Partly a reaction to the Industrial Revolution,[1] it was also a revolt against the aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment and a reaction against the scientific rationalization of nature.[2] It was embodied most strongly in the visual arts, music, and literature, but had a major impact on historiography,[3] education[4] and the natural sciences.[5]
-
Its effect on politics was considerable and complex; while for much of the peak Romantic period it was associated with liberalism and radicalism, in the long term its effect on the growth of nationalism was probably more significant.
-
The movement validated strong emotion as an authentic source of aesthetic experience, placing new emphasis on such emotions as apprehension, horror and terror, and awe
-
t elevated folk art and ancient custom
-
Romanticism reached beyond the rational and Classicist ideal models to elevate a revived medievalism and elements of art and narrative perceived to be authentically medieval in an attempt to escape the confines of population growth, urban sprawl, and industrialism, and it also attempted to embrace the exotic, unfamiliar, and distant in modes more authentic than Rococo chinoiserie, harnessing the power of the imagination to envision and to escape.
-
Although the movement was rooted in the German Sturm und Drang movement, which prized intuition and emotion over Enlightenment rationalism, the ideologies and events of the French Revolution laid the background from which both Romanticism and the Counter-Enlightenment emerged. The confines of the Industrial Revolution also had their influence on Romanticism, which was in part an escape from modern realities;
-
he primary importance of the free expression of the feelings of the artist
-
n order to truly express these feelings, the content of the art must come from the imagination of the artist, with as little interference as possible from "artificial" rules dictating what a work should consist of.
-
-
Not essential to Romanticism, but so widespread as to be normative, was a strong belief and interest in the importance of nature. However this is particularly in the effect of nature upon the artist when he is surrounded by it, preferably alone. In contrast to the usually very social art of the Enlightenment, Romantics were distrustful of the human world, and tended to believe that a close connection with nature was mentally and morally healthy.
-
mentally and
-
o, in literature, "much of romantic poetry invited the reader to identify the protagonists with the poets themselves".[15]
-
According to Isaiah Berlin, Romanticism embodied "a new and restless spirit, seeking violently to burst through old and cramping forms, a nervous preoccupation with perpetually changing inner states of consciousness, a longing for the unbounded and the indefinable, for perpetual movement and change, an effort to return to the forgotten sources of life, a passionate effort at self-assertion both individual and collective, a search after means of expressing an unappeasable yearning for unattainable goals."
-
-
19 Nov 13
-
The movement validated strong emotion as an authentic source of aesthetic experience
-
prized intuition and emotion over Enlightenment rationalism
-
-
11 Nov 13
-
primary importance of the free expression of the feelings of the artist
-
strong belief and interest in the importance of nature
-
-
27 Sep 13
-
20 Sep 13
-
Partly a reaction to the Industrial Revolution,[1] it was also a revolt against aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment and a reaction against the scientific rationalization of nature
-
growth of nationalism
-
strong emotion as an authentic source of aesthetic experience, placing new emphasis on such emotions as apprehension, horror and terror, and awe—especially that which is experienced in confronting the sublimity of untamed nature and its picturesque qualities, both new aesthetic categories.
-
escape the confines of population growth, urban sprawl, and industrialism
-
-
19 Sep 13
-
Romanticism (also the Romantic era or the Romantic period) was an artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in Europe toward the end of the 18th century and in most areas was at its peak in the approximate period from
-
-
-
as was at its peak in the approximate period from 1800 to 1850. Partly a reaction to the Industrial Revolution,[1] it was also a revolt against aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment and a reaction against the scientific rationalization of nature.[2] It was embodied most strongly in the visual arts, music, and literature, but had a major
-
-
06 Jun 13
-
1800 to 1850
-
a revolt against aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment
-
reaction against the scientific rationalization of nature
-
strong emotion as an authentic source of aesthetic experience
-
-
intuition and emotion over Enlightenment rationalism
-
"Realism" was offered as a polarized opposite to Romanticism
-
individual imagination as a critical authority
-
-
06 May 13
-
called
-
Defining the nature of Romanticism may be approached from the starting point of the primary importance of the free expression of the feelings of the artist. The importance the Romantics placed on untrammelled feeling is summed up in the remark of the German painter Caspar David Friedrich that "the artist's feeling is his law".[7] To William Wordsworth poetry should be "the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings".[8] In order to truly express these feelings, the content of the art must come from the imagination of the artist, with as little interference as possible from "artificial" rules dictating what a work should consist of. Coleridge was not alone in believing that there were natural laws governing these matters which the imagination, at least of a good creative artist, would freely and unconsciously follow through artistic inspiration if left alone to do so.[9] As well as rules, the influence of models from other works would impede the creator's own imagination, so originality was absolutely essential. The concept of the genius, or artist who was able to produce his own original work through this process of "creation from nothingness", is key to Romanticism, and to be derivative was the worst sin.[10][11][12][13] This idea is often called "romantic originality."[14]
-
-
-
called
-
Defining the nature of Romanticism may be approached from the starting point of the primary importance of the free expression of the feelings of the artist. The importance the Romantics placed on untrammelled feeling is summed up in the remark of the German painter Caspar David Friedrich that "the artist's feeling is his law".[7] To William Wordsworth poetry should be "the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings".[8] In order to truly express these feelings, the content of the art must come from the imagination of the artist, with as little interference as possible from "artificial" rules dictating what a work should consist of. Coleridge was not alone in believing that there were natural laws governing these matters which the imagination, at least of a good creative artist, would freely and unconsciously follow through artistic inspiration if left alone to do so.[9] As well as rules, the influence of models from other works would impede the creator's own imagination, so originality was absolutely essential. The concept of the genius, or artist who was able to produce his own original work through this process of "creation from nothingness", is key to Romanticism, and to be derivative was the worst sin.[10][11][12][13] This idea is often called "romantic originality."[14]
-
."[14]
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Defining the nature of Romanticism may be approached from the starting point of the primary importance of the free expression of the feelings of the artist. The importance the Romantics placed on untrammelled feeling is summed up in the remark of the German painter Caspar David Friedrich that "the artist's feeling is his law".[7] To William Wordsworth poetry should be "the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings".[8] In order to truly express these feelings, the content of the art must come from the imagination of the artist, with as little interference as possible from "artificial" rules dictating what a work should consist of. Coleridge was not alone in believing that there were natural laws governing these matters which the imagination, at least of a good creative artist, would freely and unconsciously follow through artistic inspiration if left alone to do so.[9] As well as rules, the influence of models from other works would impede the creator's own imagination, so originality was absolutely essential. The concept of the genius, or artist who was able to produce his own original work through this process of "creation from nothingness", is key to Romanticism, and to be derivative was the worst sin.[10][11][12][13] This idea is often called "romantic originality."[14]
-
-
originality
-
-
-
-
rk should consist of. Coleridge was not alone in believing that there were natural laws governing these matters which the imagination, at least of a good creative artist, would freely and uncons
-
-
-
-
-
26 Mar 13
-
he majority of the poems were by Wordsworth
-
e poet's feelings about nature,
-
he most significant novelist in English during the peak Romantic period, other than Walter Scott, was Jane Austen, whose essentially conservative world-view had little in common with her Romantic contemporaries, retaining a strong belief in decorum and social rules, though critics have detected tremors under the surface of some works, especially Mansfield Park (1814) and Persuasion (1817).[43] But around the mid-century the undoubtedly Romantic novels of the Brontë family appeared, in particular Charlotte's Jane Eyre and Emily's Wuthering Heights, which were both published in 1847.
-
-
10 Feb 13
-
effect on politics
-
Romantic period it was associated with liberalism and radicalism
-
argued for a "natural" epistemology of human activities as conditioned by nature in the form of language and customary usage
-
attempted to embrace the exotic, unfamiliar
-
prized intuition and emotion over Enlightenment rationalism
-
pioneering examples would elevate society.
-
freedom from classical notions of form in art.
-
-
30 Jan 13
-
21 Nov 12
-
Defining the nature of Romanticism may be approached from the starting point of the primary importance of the free expression of the feelings of the artist. The importance the Romantics placed on untrammelled feeling is summed up in the remark of the German painter Caspar David Friedrich that "the artist's feeling is his law".[7] To William Wordsworth poetry should be "the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings".[8] In order to truly express these feelings, the content of the art must come from the imagination of the artist, with as little interference as possible from "artificial" rules dictating what a work should consist of.
-
-
13 Nov 12
-
21 Oct 12
-
29 Aug 12
-
24 May 12
-
a revolt against aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment and a reaction against the scientific rationalization of nature
-
adjectives of praise for natural phenomena such as views and sunsets, in a sense close to modern English usage but without the implied sexual element
-
-
Lance Smith"Romanticism (or the Romantic era/Period) was an artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in Europe toward the end of the 18th century and in most areas was at its peak in the approximate period from 1800 to 1840."
-
29 Apr 12
-
revolt against aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment and a reaction against the scientific rationalization of nature
-
1800 to 1840
-
starting point of the primary importance of the free expression of the feelings of the artis
-
must come from the imagination of the artist, with as little interference as possible from "artificial" rules dictating what a work should consist of. Coleridge was not alone in believing that there were natural laws governing these matters which the imagination
-
creator's own imagination, so originality was absolutely essential
-
personal voice of the artis
-
-
18 Mar 12
-
Romanticism elevated the achievements of what it perceived as heroic individualists and artists, whose pioneering examples would elevate society. It also legitimized the individual imagination as a critical authority, which permitted freedom from classical notions of form in art.
-
-
13 Mar 12
-
06 Feb 12
-
Romanticism (or the Romantic era/Period) was an artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Europe and strengthened in reaction to the Industrial Revolution.[1] In part, it was a revolt against aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment and a reaction against the scientific rationalization of nature.[2] It was embodied most strongly in the visual arts, music, and literature, but had a major impact on historiography,[3] education[4] and natural history.[5]
The movement validated strong emotion as an authentic source of aesthetic experience, placing new emphasis on such emotions as trepidation, horror and terror and awe—especially that which is experienced in confronting the sublimity of untamed nature and its picturesque qualities, both new aesthetic categories. It elevated folk art and ancient custom to something noble, made spontaneity a desirable characteristic (as in the musical impromptu), and argued for a "natural" epistemology of human activities as conditioned by nature in the form of language and customary usage.
Romanticism reached beyond the rational and Classicist ideal models to elevate a revived medievalism and elements of art and narrative perceived to be authentically medieval, in an attempt to escape the confines of population growth, urban sprawl, and industrialism, and it also
-
perceived to be authentically medieval, in an attempt to escape the confines of population growth, urban sprawl, and industrialism , and it also attempted to embrace the exotic, unfamiliar, and distant in modes more authentic than Rococo chinoiserie, harnessing the power of the imagination to envision and to escape.
The modern sense of a romantic character may be expressed in Byronic ideals of a gifted, perhaps misunderstood loner, creatively following the dictates of his inspiration rather than the standard ways of contemporary society.
Although the movement was rooted in the German Sturm und Drang movement, which prized intuition and emotion over Enlightenment rationalism, the ideologies and events of the French Revolution laid the background from which both Romanticism and the Counter-Enlightenment emerged. The confines of the Industrial Revolution also had their influence on Romanticism, which was in part an escape from modern realities; indeed, in the second half of the 19th century, "Realism" was offered as a polarized opposite to Romanticism.[6] Romanticism elevated the achievements of what it perceived as heroic individualists and artists, whose pioneering examples would elevate society. It also legitimized the individual imagination as a critical authority, which permitted freedom from classical notions of form in art. There was a strong recourse to historical and natural inevitability, a zeitgeist, in the representation of its ideas.
-
-
13 Jan 12
-
03 Jan 12
-
and strengthened in reaction to the Industrial Revolution.[1]
-
second half of the 18th century in Europe
-
It was embodied most strongly in the visual arts, music, and literature, but had a major impact on historiography,
-
placing new emphasis on such emotions as trepidation, horror and terror and awe
-
Romanticism reached beyond the rational and Classicist ideal models to elevate a revived medievalism and elements of art and narrative perceived to be authentically medieval,
-
also attempted to embrace the exotic, unfamiliar, and distant in modes
-
-
30 Nov 11
-
was an artistic, literary and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Europe, and gained strength in reaction to the Industrial Revolution.[1] In part, it was a revolt against aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment and a reaction against the scientific rationalization of nature.[2] It was embodied most strongly in the visual arts, music, and literature, but had a major impact on historiography,[3] education[4] and natural history.[5]
-
he movement validated strong emotion as an authentic source of aesthetic experience, placing new emphasis on such emotions as trepidation, horror and terror and awe—especially that which is experienced in confronting the sublimity of untamed nature and its picturesque qualities, both new aesthetic categories
-
The modern sense of a romantic character may be expressed in Byronic ideals of a gifted, perhaps misunderstood loner, creatively following the dictates of his inspiration rather than the standard ways of contemporary society.
Although the movement was root
-
The Romantic movement developed the idea of the absolute originality and artistic inspiration by the individual genius, which performs a "creation from nothingness;" this is the so-called Romantic ideology of literary authorship, which created the notion of plagiarism and the guilt of a derivativeness.[11][12][13][14] This idea is often called "romantic originality."[15][16][17] The romantic poets' turned their beliefs on originality into "the institution of originality."[18][19] The English poet John Milton, who lived in the 17th century, was part of the origin of the concept
-
A love of nature, a sense of nationalism, and a sense of exoticism/the supernatural. These simple characteristics can be linked back to the fact that these works were being written in time of political turmoil. For example, the nationalism seen in Romantic works may be attributed to the fact that the authors of the time took pride in their country, their people, and their “cause”. It was the writers’ way of contributing to the fight
-
poleonic nationalism and republicanism were, at first, inspirational to movements in other nations: self-determination and a consciousness of national unity were held to be two of the reasons why France was able to defeat other countries in battle. But as the French Republic became Napoleon's Empire, Napoleon became not the inspiration for nationalism, but the object of its struggle.
-
-
19 Sep 11
-
03 Aug 11
-
riginated in the second half of the 18th century in Euro
-
a revolt against aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment and a reaction against the scientific rationalization of natur
-
-
11 Jun 11
-
The nature of nationalism changed dramatically, however, after the French Revolution with the rise of Napoleon,
-
-
18 Apr 11
-
16 Feb 11
DeeAnn DayAn overview of the romantic period as a reaction to the Enlightenment.
Frankenstein Mary Shelley science nature rebel as hero revolutionary politics
-
02 Jan 11
-
omplex artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Europe
-
originated in the second half of the 18th century in Europe, and gained strength in reaction to the Industrial Revolution.[
-
revolt against aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment and a reaction against the scientific rationalisation of nature
-
validated strong emotion as an authentic source of aesthetic experience
-
Romanticism reached beyond the rational and Classicist ideal models to elevate a revived medievalism
-
romantic character may be expressed in Byronic ideals
-
movement was rooted in the German Sturm und Drang movement, which prized intuition and emotion over Enlightenment rationalism
-
ideologies and events of the French Revolution laid the background from which both Romanticism and the Counter-Enlightenment emerged
-
legitimized the individual imagination as a critical authority, which permitted freedom from classical notions of form in art
-
An earlier definition comes from Charles Baudelaire: "Romanticism is precisely situated neither in choice of subject nor exact truth, but in the way of feeling."[7]
-
key movement in the Counter-Enlightenment
-
Whereas the thinkers of the Enlightenment emphasized the primacy of deductive reason, Romanticism emphasized intuition, imagination, and feeling,
-
the Romantic sensibility contrasted with the neoclassicism being taught in the academies
-
emphasized in the new prominence of the brushstroke and impasto the artist's free handling of paint, which tended to be repressed in neoclassicism under a self-effacing finish
-
-
27 Nov 10
-
09 Nov 10
-
28 Oct 10
-
a reaction against the scientific rationalisation of nature,[
-
In literature, Romanticism found recurrent themes in the evocation or criticism of the past, the cult of "sensibility" with its emphasis on women and children, the heroic isolation of the artist or narrator, and respect for a new, wilder, untrammeled and "pure" nature
-
-
26 Oct 10
-
Romanticism appealed to Americans in a similar fashion, for both privileged feeling over reason, individual freedom of expression over the restraints of tradition and custom. It often involved a rapturous response to nature. It encouraged the rejection of harsh, rigid Calvinism, and promised a new blossoming of American culture.
-
-
18 Oct 10
-
05 Oct 10
-
03 Oct 10
-
artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Europe, and gained strength in reaction to the Industrial Revolution.[1] In part, it was a revolt against aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment and a reaction against the scientific rationalisation of nature
-
t was also a revolt against aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment and a reaction against the scientific rationalization of nature.
-
embodied most strongly in the visual arts, music, and literature, but had a major impact on historiography,[3] education[4] and the natural sciences.[5] Its effect on politics was considerable and complex; while for much of the peak Romantic period it was associated with liberalism and radicalism, in the long term its effect on the growth of nationalism was probably more significant.
-
authentic source of aesthetic experience, placing new emphasis on such emotions as trepidation, horror and terror and awe—especially that which is experienced in confronting the sublimity of untamed nature and its picturesque qualities
-
emphasis on such emotions as apprehension, horror and terror, and awe—especially that which is experienced in confronting the sublimity of untamed nature and its picturesque qualities, both new aesthetic categories. It elevated folk art and ancient custom to something noble, made spontaneity a desirable characteristic
-
Romanticism reached beyond the rational and Classicist ideal models to elevate a revived medievalism and elements of art and narrative perceived to be authentically medieval,
-
Although the movement was rooted in the German Sturm und Drang movement, which prized
-
intuition and emotion
-
ver Enlightenment rationalism, the ideologies and events of the French Revolution laid the back
-
Industrial Revolution also had their influence on Romanticism, which was in part an escape from modern realitie
-
"Realism" was offered as a polarized opposite to Romanticism
-
-
Many intellectual historians have seen Romanticism as a key movement in the Counter-Enlightenment, a reaction against the Age of Enlightenment.
-
-
importance the Romantics placed on untrammelled feeling is summed up in the remark of the German painter Caspar David Friedrich that "the artist's feeling is his law"
-
Not essential to Romanticism, but so widespread as to be normative, was a strong belief and interest in the importance of nature.
-
a close connection with nature was mentally and morally healthy.
-
According to Isaiah Berlin, Romanticism embodied "a new and restless spirit, seeking violently to burst through old and cramping forms, a nervous preoccupation with perpetually changing inner states of consciousness, a longing for the unbounded and the indefinable, for perpetual movement and change, an effort to return to the forgotten sources of life, a passionate effort at self-assertion both individual and collective, a search after means of expressing an unappeasable yearning for unattainable goals."[16]
-
"romantic" in English and romantique in French were both in common use as adjectives of praise for natural phenomena such as views and sunsets, in a sense close to modern English usage but without the implied sexual element.
-
An early German influence came from Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, whose 1774 novel The Sorrows of Young Werther had young men throughout Europe emulating its protagonist, a young artist with a very sensitive and passionate temperament. At that time Germany was a multitude of small separate states, and Goethe's works would have a seminal influence in developing a unifying sense of nationalism.
-
Another philosophic influence came from the German idealism of Johann Gottlieb Fichte and Friedrich Schelling, making Jena (where Fichte lived, as well as Schelling, Hegel, Schiller and the brothers Schlegel) a center for early German romanticism
-
Romanticism in British literature developed in a different form slightly later, mostly associated with the poets William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge, whose co-authored book Lyrical Ballads (1798) sought to reject Augustan poetry in favour of more direct speech derived from folk traditions. Both poets were also involved in utopian social thought in the wake of the French Revolution. The poet and painter William Blake is the most extreme example of the Romantic sensibility in Britain, epitomised by his claim “I must create a system or be enslaved by another man's.” Blake's artistic work is also strongly influenced by Medieval illuminated books. The painters J. M. W. Turner and John Constable a
-
The Romantic Era is a time in history that was surrounded by war. The Seven Years' War (1756–1763), as well as the French and Indian War (1754–1763), and the American Revolution (1775–1783), which directly preceded the French Revolution (1789–1799).
These wars, along with the political and social turmoil that goes along with them, serve as the background for Romanticism. The strong feelings that wartime produces served as a catalyst for an outpouring of art and literature,
-
One of Romanticism's key ideas and most enduring legacies is the assertion of nationalism, which became a central theme of Romantic art and political philosophy
-
This view of nationalism inspired the collection of folklore by such people as the Brothers Grimm,
-
Romanticism played an essential role in the national awakening of many Central European peoples lacking their own national states
-
focus on development of national languages and folklore, and the importance of local customs and traditions,
-
Early Romantic nationalism was strongly inspired by Rousseau, and by the ideas of Johann Gottfried von Herder
-
The nature of nationalism changed dramatically, however, after the French Revolution with the rise of Napoleon, and the reactions in other nations. Napoleonic nationalism and republicanism were, at first, inspirational to movements in other nations: self-determination and a consciousness of national unity were held to be two of the reasons why France was able to defeat other countries in battle. But as the French Republic became Napoleon's Empire, Napoleon became not the inspiration for nationalism, but the object of its struggle. In Prussia, the development of spiritual renewal as a means to engage in the struggle against Napoleon
-
Fichte expressed the unity of language and nation in his address "To the German Nation" in 1806:
-
-
19 Aug 10
-
placing new emphasis on such emotions as trepidation, horror and terror and awe—
-
The movement validated strong emotion as an authentic source of aesthetic experience,
-
an attempt to escape the confines of population growth, urban sprawl, and industrialism, and it also attempted to embrace the exotic, unfamiliar, and distant in modes more authentic
-
presumption that the natural world is a source of goodness and human society a source of corruption
-
Romanticism became popular in American politics, philosophy and art.
-
least these characteristics: A love of nature, a sense of nationalism, and a sense of exoticism/the supernatural
-
he authors of the time were proud of their country,
-
had pride in their people, and their “cause”. It was the writers’ own way of contributing to the fight.[
-
“common” people.
-
omantics strived towards the goal that literature and the arts were for everyone, commoners, not just wealthy aristocracy.
-
romantic era was written for, and in the style of, only the wealthy upper class
-
se they were trying to connect with the commoners.
-
-
Romantic ideal that Nature is powerful and will eventually overcome the transient creations of men.
-
This idea of an American identity in the art world is reflected
-
tight connection that existed between the literary and visual artists of the Romantic Era
-
idealized Native Americans living in harmony with the natural world.
-
Some American paintings promote the literary idea of the “noble savage” (Such as Albert Bierstadt’s The Rocky Mountains
-
One of Romanticism's key ideas and most enduring legacies is the assertion of nationalism
-
the importance of local customs and traditions
-
nationalism was one of the key vehicles of Romanticism, its role, expression and meaning.
-
geography formed the natural economy of a people, and shaped their customs and society.
-
-
17 Apr 10
-
29 Jan 10
-
The movement validated strong emotion as an authentic source of aesthetic experience, placing new emphasis on such emotions as trepidation, horror and terror and awe—especially that which is experienced in confronting the sublimity of untamed nature and its picturesque qualities, both new aesthetic categories. It elevated folk art and ancient custom to something noble,
-
-
26 Jan 10
-
Romanticism in British literature developed in a different form slightly later, mostly associated with the poets William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge, whose co-authored book Lyrical Ballads (1798) sought to reject Augustan poetry in favour of more direct speech derived from folk traditions
-
-
19 Nov 09
-
Romanticism is a complex artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Western Europe
-
-
-
16 Nov 09
-
aith in the value of individualism and intuitive perception
-
-
12 Nov 09
-
In a basic sense, the term "Romanticism" has been used to refer to certain artists, poets, writers, musicians, as well as political, philosophical and social thinkers of the late 18th and early to mid 19th centuries. It has equally been used to refer to various artistic, intellectual, and social trends of that era. Despite this general usage of the term, a precise characterization and specific definition of Romanticism have been the subject of debate in the fields of intellectual history and literary history throughout the twentieth century, without any great measure of consensus emerging. Arthur Lovejoy attempted to demonstrate the difficulty of this problem in his seminal article "On The Discrimination of Romanticisms" in his Essays in the History of Ideas (1948); some scholars see romanticism as essentially continuous with the present, some see in it the inaugural moment of modernity, some see it as the beginning of a tradition of resistance to the Enlightenment—a Counter-Enlightenment—and still others place it firmly in the direct aftermath of the French Revolution. An earlier definition comes from Charles Baudelaire: "Romanticism is precisely situated neither in choice of subject nor exact truth, but in the way of feeling."[3]
-
-
-
Romanticism is a complex artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Western Europe, and gained strength during the Industrial Revolution.[1]
-
-
10 Nov 09
-
It was partly a revolt against aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment and a reaction against the scientific rationalization of nature,[2] and was embodied most strongly in the visual arts, music, and literature.
-
the sublimity of untamed nature and its picturesque qualities
-
elevated folk art and custom to something noble, and argued for a "natural" epistemology of human activities as conditioned by nature in the form of language, custom and usage.
-
elevate medievalism and elements of art and narrative perceived to be authentically medieval, in an attempt to escape the confines of population growth, urban sprawl, and industrialism, and it also attempted to embrace the exotic, unfamiliar, and distant in modes more authentic than chinoiserie, harnessing the power of the imagination to envision and to escape.
-
rooted in German Pietism, which prized intuition and emotion over Enlightenment rationalism,
-
the ideologies and events of the French Revolution laid the background from which Romanticism emerged. The confines of the Industrial Revolution also had their influence on Romanticism
-
"Realism" was offered as a polarized opposite
-
heroic
-
There was a strong recourse to historical and natural inevitability
-
the evocation or criticism of the past,
-
Edgar Allan Poe and Nathaniel Hawthorne, based their writings on the supernatural/occult and human psychology.
-
The Scottish poet James Macpherson influenced the early development of Romanticism with the international success of his Ossian cycle of poems published in 1762
-
Romanticism in British literature developed in a different form slightly later
-
The poet and painter William Blake is the most extreme example of the Romantic sensibility in Britain, epitomised by his claim “I must create a system or be enslaved by another man's.” Blake's artistic work is also strongly influenced by Medieval illuminated books
-
One of Romanticism's key ideas and most enduring legacies is the assertion of nationalism, which became a central theme of Romantic art and political philosophy.
-
focus on development of national languages and folklore, and the importance of local customs and traditions, to the movements which would redraw the map of Europe and lead to calls for self-determination of nationalities, nationalism was one of the key vehicles of Romanticism, its role, expression and meaning.
-
Early Romantic nationalism was strongly inspired by Rousseau
-
This view of nationalism inspired the collection of folklore by such people as the Brothers Grimm, the revival of old epics as national, and the construction of new epics as if they were old, as in the Kalevala, compiled from Finnish tales and folklore, or Ossian,
-
The view that fairy tales, unless contaminated from outside literary sources, were preserved in the same form over thousands of years, was not exclusive to Romantic Nationalists, but fit in well with their views that such tales expressed the primordial nature of a people.
-
-
05 Oct 09
-
The Romantics rejected rationalism and religious intellect.
-
Transcendentalism
-
Transcendentalism
-
Transcendentalism and Romanticism appealed to Americans in a similar fashion.
-
neoclassicism
-
rebelled against the confinement of
-
Romantic literature was personal, intense, and portrayed more emotion than ever seen in neoclassical literature. A
-
-
14 Jul 09
-
10 Jul 09
Charles GnilkaThe movement stressed strong emotion as a source of aesthetic experience, placing new emphasis on such emotions as trepidation, horror and awe—especially that which is experienced in confronting the sublimity of untamed nature and its picturesque qualitie
-
13 Jun 09
-
27 Jan 09
evgeny yauhenioRomanticism is a complex artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Western Europe, and gained strength during the Industrial Revolution.[1] It was partly a revolt against aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment and a reaction against the scientific rationalization of nature, and was embodied most strongly in the visual arts, music, and literature.
The movement stressed strong emotion as a source of aesthetic experience, placing new emphasis on such emotions as trepidation, horror and awe—especially that which is experienced in confronting the sublimity of untamed nature and its picturesque qualities, both new aesthetic categories. It elevated folk art and custom to something noble, and argued for a "natural" epistemology of human activities as conditioned by nature in the form of language, custom and usage.
The Romantic hero, by contrast, must express strong feelings and follow his impulses wherever they
may lead.
C. Romantics believed that persons who expressed such feelings in their daily lives were superior to other people who conformed to social conventions. This sense of superiority justified revolts against society and explained the distinctive, personal vision of the Romantic hero.
D. But the revolt of the sensitive Romantic hero was often tragic because the rigid social structures of the world cannot tolerate such behavior. Indeed, Romantic heroes in literature and in life often died young in tragic situations; many ended by killing themselves.
E. In many ways, this image of the Romantic hero became the cultural image of the modern artistic personality; the artist is alone, rebellious, restless, sensitive, and misunderstood, but this is the fate of a genius.
F. Romantic ideology grew out of a new bourgeois culture that it also rejected and condemned. Like post-revolutionary liberals, the Romantics viewed the individual as the autonomous, creative force in social and cultural life. -
26 Jan 09
-
aesthetic experience
-
untamed nature
-
-
18 Aug 08
-
31 Jan 08
-
26 Jun 07
-
15 Jun 07
-
16 Feb 05
-
29 Aug 04
Would you like to comment?
Join Diigo for a free account, or sign in if you are already a member.