• A discussion-based case study is an education tool to facilitate learning about, and analysis of, a real-world situation
• a well-researched and compelling narrative about an individual, or a group of people, that needs to make a decision in an organisational setting
• narrative includes relevant information about the situation
• gives multiple perspectives on the problem or decision
• does not provide analysis, conclusions, or a solution
• expose students to real-world
• dilemmas in different cultural contexts
• Students
• read the case study and prepare an argument about the most appropriate course of action
• can be debated in a facilitated case study class session
• documented in a case study assignment
• objectivity of core dilemmas in the case
• past tense
• third person
• past tense
• Identify and establish the central protagonist and their dilemma in the first paragraph and summarise the dilemma again at the end of the case
• chronological order
• protagonist is a well-developed character and that students can identify with their motivations
• case method offers a variety of class participation methods, such as discussion, role-play, presentation, or examination
• teaching note
• allow instructors to adopt the case without the need for additional research
• The standard teaching note provides key materials such as learning objectives, sample questions and answers
• present the story so that the hook is not immediately apparent but ‘discovered’ by students putting the relevant pieces together
• the hook must be linked to a particular concept, theory, or methodology
• A teaching case reflects the ambiguity of the situation and need not have a single outcome, as the intent is to create a dialogue with students, encourage critical thinking and research, and evaluate recommendations

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