Microbiota-Dependent Crosstalk Between Macrophages and ILC3 Promotes Intestinal Homeostasis

Regulation of intestinal tolerance thus represents the main task of the immune  system of the gut mucosa. Accumulated evidence suggests that gut commensals contribute to the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis,  partly through their ability to control the differentiation of effector T lymphocytes in the mucosa and to modulate inflammatory  responses through the induction of regulatory T cells (T_regs) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) production.

MNPs have been shown to contribute to the maintenance of intestinal immune tolerance  through the induction or expansion of T_regs in the intestine.

Microbial cues sensed by intestinal MPs lead  to IL-1β release

molecules (i.e., RA and IL-10), which, in turn, promotes the induction and expansion of regulatory T cells.