Semantic Web

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Takuya Homma

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Category:Computers & Internet

Created:on 2008-03-27 | Updated:on 2008-03-27

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Conversation Agent: Web 3.0 Search Aligning with Data

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more fromwww.conversationagent.com
- While there has been remarkable progress made toward understanding the semantics of web content, the benefits of a data web have not reached the mainstream consumer. Without a killer semantic web app for consumers, site owners have been reluctant to support standards like RDF, or even microformats. We believe that app can be web search.
  
  By supporting semantic web standards, Yahoo! Search and site owners can bring a far richer and more useful search experience to consumers.
- An open system holds greater promise for site-owners to help make search results listings much more relevant for the people who are searching.
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Google could be superseded, says web inventor - Times Online

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more fromtechnology.timesonline.co.uk
- Google may eventually be displaced as the pre-eminent brand on the internet by
  a company that harnesses the power of next-generation web technology, the
  inventor of the World Wide Web has said.
- that ability paled in
  comparison to what could be achieved on the "web of the future",
  which he said would allow any piece of information — such as a photo or a
  bank statement — to be linked to any other.
- the "current craze" for
  social networking sites like Facebook and MySpace would eventually be
  superseded by networks that connected all types of things — not just people
  — thanks to a ground-breaking technology known as the "semantic
  web".
- The semantic web is the term used by the computer and internet industry to
  describe the next phase of the web's development, and essentially involves
  building web-based connectivity into any piece of data — not just a web page
  — so that it can "communicate" with other information.
- Whereas the existing web is a collection of pages with links between them that
  Google and other search engines help the user to navigate, the "semantic
  web" will enable direct connectivity between much more low-level pieces
  of information — a written street address and a map, for instance — which in
  turn will give rise to new services.
- Using the semantic web, you can build applications that are much more
  powerful than anything on the regular web
- One example frequently given is of typing a street address which, if it had "semantic
  data" built into it, would link directly to a map showing its location,
  dispensing with the need to go to a site like Google `maps, type in the
  address, get the link and paste it into a document or e-mail.
- The challenge, experts say, is in finding a way to represent all data so that
  when it is connected to the web, links to other relevant information can be
  recognised and established — a bit like the process known as "tagging"
- it would likely be a type of "mega-mash-up"
- In the semantic web, it's like every piece of data is given a longitude
  and latitute on a map, and anyone can 'mash' them together and use them for
  different things.
- At the moment, people are very excited about all these connections being
  made between people — for obvious reasons, because people are important —
  but I think after a while people will realise that there are many other
  things you can connect to via the web
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The Enterprise Web 2.0 Blog: The Semantic Enterprise: Are Semantics the Future of Mashups?

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more fromblogs.jackbe.com
- n the semantic web, it's like every piece of data is given a longitude and latitude on a map, and anyone can 'mash' them together and use them for different things
- Semantics and mashups have the same goal of connect-the-data-dots but have very different ways of going about this complex task
- Semantic Web’ isn’t the same as ‘Semantic
  Enterprise
  ’.
- there's the conceptual underpinnings of semantics itself
- In practice, however, it is simply amazing to see how hard they are to create, how complicated they can be to maintain, and how sluggish generally slow they can be in production.
- one industry pundit remark recently that his efforts at creating semantic ontologies universally led to shouting matches and no unusable results.
- there's the practical differences between public, SaaS-type of world Yahoo lives in and the behind-the-firewall world of the enterprise
- t is near impossible to find enterprise-grade semantic solutions that show scale, show adaptability and don’t require a PhD to maintain.
- one of the biggest potholes on the road to the Semantic Enterprise will be the enterprises themselves
- Bringing semantics to the Web, a set of reasonably similar collections of knowledge that are 10-years-old at most, can be imagined through a combination of machines and community efforts (albeit a community the size of Yahoo’s)
- inside the typical enterprise you have 35+ years of information and information technologies to get ‘semanticized’ and, SOA efforts not withstanding, it is siloed, often undocumented, and about as disparate in format as you could possibly imagine
- Mashups can be the gap-filler between today and the Semantic Enterprise.
- Once semantics get their enterprise-kinks worked out, they'll make a valuable source of information for enterprise mashers.
- Are semantics the future of information? Of course they are.
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Yahoo Embraces The Semantic Web - Expect The Internet To Organize Itself In A Hurry

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more fromwww.techcrunch.com
- we can expect the web to get itself organized, in a hurry.
- were they to mark up user profile pages with microformats, Yahoo search could understand the content and relationships between pieces of content. Yahoo can then present that data in an intelligent way in Yahoo search
- With a richer understanding of LinkedIn’s structured data included in our index, we will be able to present users with more compelling and useful search results for their sit
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Does SEO Die on Web 3.0? | SEO.com

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more fromwww.seo.com
- Some have already assigned the moniker “Web 3.0″ to the Semantic Web
- there are no consumer apps yet that handle these types of semantic web interactions
- computers will do most of the menial pairing of search results that we currently do manually.
- see elements of a semantic web in now widely used web techniques like tagging.
- According to Tim Berners-Lee, Google will not survive on the semantic web—at least not in its current state. Yahoo even recently announced that they will begin supporting certain semantic web standards and technologies to let people produce much richer search results.
- with the birth of Yahoo’s open search, website owners will be rewarded for producing more semantic data and suppling it to Yahoo
- this Web 3.0 is going to be pretty cool! It’ll make SEO and search in general a lot cleaner”
- One of the huge problems Google et al currently face is the overabundance of garbage on the web
- does SEO die on the semantic web? I think the answer is a resounding no.
- an understanding of keywords, search engines, markup, and semantics will play an even bigger role as time goes on.
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Semantic Web Patterns: A Guide to Semantic Technologies - ReadWriteWeb

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more fromwww.readwriteweb.com
- , the Semantic Web is the web of data, where information is represented in RDF and OWL
- Others think that the Semantic Web is about web services, while for many it is about artificial intelligence -
  computer programs solving complex optimization problems that are out of our reach.
- he bottom-up approach
  is focused on annotating information in pages, using RDF, so that
  it is machine readable
- The top-down approach is focused on leveraging information
  in existing web pages, as-is, to derive meaning automatically
- This is a win-win-win
  for publishers, for Yahoo!, and for customers - publishers now have an incentive to
  annotate information because Yahoo! Search will be taking advantage of it, and users
  will then see better, more precise results.
- e magic of Google is that it can understand information as is, without asking
  people to fully comply with W3C standards of SEO optimization techniques.
- op-down semantic
  tools are focused on dealing with imperfections in existing information
- The more annotations there are,
  the more precise top-down technologies will get
- RDF - a powerful, graph-based language for declaring things, and attributes
  and relationships between things
- In a simplistic way, one can think of RDF
  as the language that allows expressing truths like: Alex IS human (type expression),
  Alex HAS a brain (attribute expression), and Alex IS the father of Alice, Lilly, and Sofia (relationship expression)
- the major benefit of RDF is interoperability and standardization,
- Microformats offer a simpler approach by adding semantics to existing HTML
  documents using specific CSS styles. The metadata is compact and is embedded inside
  the actual HTML.
- microformats are gaining popularity because they are simple.
- The more annotations there are in web pages, the more
  standards are implemented, and the more discoverable and powerful the information becomes.
- In the consumer arena
  we have been looking for a Killer App - something that delivers tangible and
  simple consumer value.
- People simply do not care that a product is built on the
  Semantic Web, all they are looking for is utility and usefulness.
- The promise was that once the information is annotated and the web becomes one big
  giant RDF database, then exciting consumer applications will come
- consumers will not be interested in knowing about the
  underlying technology - so there is really no marketing play for the Semantic Web in the consumer space.
- a standard protocol, a standard way to pass around
  information between two programs, is hugely valuable in the enterprise.
- these web services take as an input unstructured information
  and find entities and relationships.
- the first significant blow to the Semantic Web has been the inability thus far to improve search.
- The premise that semantical understanding of pages leads to vastly better search
  has yet to be validated.
- There is a growing realization that marginal improvement in search might not be
  enough to beat Google, and to declare search the killer app for the Semantic Web
- A combination of semantics, innovative presentation, and memory of who the user is, will be
  necessary to power the next generation search experience.
- Yet search is a game that is far from won and a lot of semantic companies are really trying to
  raise the bar
- Applications like Snap or Yahoo! Shortcuts or SmartLinks "understand"
  the objects inside text and links and bring relevant information right into the user's context.
- Semantic databases are another breed of semantic applications focused on annotating
  web information to be more structured
- Such a database would be enormously powerful because it could be queried exactly - much like relational databases.
- mproved information discoverability, automation of complex searches, and innovative web browsing.
- ts definition in the enterprise and consumer spaces is differen
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2008 Web Predictions - ReadWriteWeb

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more fromwww.readwriteweb.com
- Semantic Apps will become popular in 2008, due to their ability to get better content results and make better data connections. Think search engines like Hakia and Powerset, wikipedia-like efforts like Twine and Freebase, and apps that use semantic technologies under the hood (such as AdaptiveBlue and Snap).
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Semantic Web Advocate of Tribe Linked Data! (Updated)

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more fromwww.openlinksw.com
- Open Data Access is the foundation of the Semantic Web (in prior post I used the term: Semantic Web Layer 1)
- The terms GGG, Linked Data, Data Web, Web of Data, and Web 3.0 (when I use this term) all imply URI driven Open Data Access for the Web Database (maybe call this ODBC for the Web) -- ability to point to records across data spaces without any adverse effect to the remote data spaces.
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SEOmoz | Web Semantics: What do we mean by 'Semantic Web'?

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more fromwww.seomoz.org
- Latent Semantic Indexing, also called Latent Semantic Analysis, is an SEO buzz expression that caught fire last year.
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Semantic Web SEO : SEO 3.0 | How to Make Your Users Happy

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more fromblog.santoshmaharshi.com
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Profiles of the Technology: Semantic Web make changes on Yahoo!

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more fromrztech.blogspot.com
- You could be asking: Why is there an emergence of Semantic Web?
  The reason is basically to solve limitations of today's web such as results are single web pages, the web activities are mostly focus on Machine-to-Human, and Machine-to-Machine activities are not particularly well supported by software tools.
- with Semantic Web, the results will be precisely displayed in more details such as in the image below. Thus it can avoid insufficient information, save time, and easier.
- it would help Yahoo! to make a search more productive with the advent of Semantic Web as it promise to produce sufficient and precise results in details.
- the move to the semantic web could pose challenges for established companies such as Google which have grown on the back of indexing documents rather than objects"
- Yahoo! believed that it could help them compete with Google by adapting Semantic Web.
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Semantic Web will be The Future - A Very, Very Distant Future | Tech Hive | Blog on Wordpress, Web Design, Accessibility, Standards and Usability

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more fromwww.tech-hive.com
- Google will be a goner for something that is called the semantic web.
- In layman’s terms, semantic web is when all of our data online can be understood not only by the people looking into it, but also by the sites itself.
- Through semantic web, searching will be easier because everything is laid out in a web where every single thing is interconnected by one another because of the meaning attached to it through the coding used.
- One example frequently given is of typing a street address which, if it had “semantic data” built into it, would link directly to a map showing its location, dispensing with the need to go to a site like Google `maps, type in the address, get the link and paste it into a document or e-mail
- Making web designers and programmers follow web standards is a very daunting task already, just imagine the ordeal of having to lecture other designers and programmers why they should use elements that give proper meaning to their content is a very good practice
- I’m pretty sure it will make stalking a very nice past-time.
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Semantic Web Mashups and Freebase

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more fromblog.programmableweb.com
- An open database of the world’s information. It’s built by the community and for the community – free for anyone to query, contribute to, build applications on top of, or integrate into their websites.
- Drawing from large open data sets like Wikipedia, MusicBrainz, and the SEC archives, it contains structured information on many popular topics, including movies, music, people and locations – all reconciled and freely available via an open API.
- By structuring the world’s data in this manner, the Freebase community is creating a global resource that will one day allow people and machines everywhere to access information far more easily and quickly than they can today.
- the really powerful thing about this is that all these categories, these data types and the web of fields that define them, provide new hooks for applications that will be able to extract meaning from the data. That’s what makes Metaweb a kind of semantic web application.
- Since Freebase is a much more structured information store than Wikipedia and is Creative Commons licensed, over time we may start seeing a lot of interesting mashups built on this service.
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Cool URIs for the Semantic Web

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more fromwww.w3.org
- The Semantic Web is envisioned as a decentralised world-wide information
  space for sharing machine-readable data with a minimum of integration costs.
- Its two core challenges are the distributed modelling of the world with a
  shared data model, and the infrastructure where data and schemas can be
  published, found and used
- On the Semantic Web, all information has to be expressed as
  statements about resources, like the members of the
  company Example.com are Alice and Bob or Bob's telephone number is
  "+1 555 262 or this Web page was created by Alice
- Resources
  are identified by Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs) [RFC3986]. This modelling approach is at the
  heart of Resource Description Framework (RDF) [RDFPrimer].
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The Semantic Web: An Introduction

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more frominfomesh.net
- The Semantic Web is a mesh of information linked up in such a way as to be
  easily processable by machines, on a global scale. You can think of it as being
  an efficient way of representing data on the World Wide Web, or as a globally
  linked database.
- Semantic Web technologies are still very
  much in their infancies, and although the future of the project in general
  appears to be bright, there seems to be little consensus about the likely
  direction and characteristics of the early Semantic Web.
- The problem
  with the majority of data on the Web that is in this form at the moment is that
  it is difficult to use on a large scale, because there is no global system for
  publishing data in such a way as it can be easily processed by anyone.
- The Semantic Web works on a principle of least power: the less rules, the
  better. This means that the Semantic Web is essentially very unconstraining
  in what it lets one say, and hence it follows that anyone can say anything
  about anything.
- [...] what we'll end up doing in the future is converting things, so for
  example [...] in the Semantic Web we will have a relationship between two
  langauges so that if you get an invoice in a langauge you don't understand,
  and you have... some business software which can pay invoices... by following
  links across the Semantic Web, your machine will be able to automatically
  convert it from one language to another, and so process it.
  
  - Tim Berners-Lee
- Where for example a library of congress schema talks of an "author", and a
  British Library talks of a "creator", a small bit of RDF would be able to say
  that for any person x and any resource y, if x is the (LoC) author of y, then
  x is the (BL) creator of y. This is the sort of rule which solves the
  evolvability problems. Where would a processor find it? [...]
  
  - Semantic Web
  roadmap, Tim Berners-Lee
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The Semantic Web In Breadth

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more fromlogicerror.com
- Because anyone can create a URI, we will inevitably end up with multiple URIs representing the same thing. Worse, there will be no way to figure out whether two URIs refer to exactly the same resource.
- the URL of the page is the URI for that object.
- The Semantic Web Identification Problem,
- A URI is not a set of directions telling your computer how to get to a specific file on the Web (though it may also do this). It is a name for a "resource" (a thing). This resource may or may not be accessible over the Internet.
- The URI may or may not provide a way for your computer to get more information about that resource.
- By including machine-readable meaning in our documents, we make them much more powerful.
- if I simply marked the words as "in italics", the computer has no way of knowing why those words are in italics. Is it for emphasis or simply for a visual effect?
- <sentence>
  
  <person href="http://aaronsw.com/">I</person> just got a new pet <animal>dog</animal>.
  
  </sentence>
- "I just got a new pet dog." This tells the computer that "I just got a new pet dog" is a "sentence," but -- importantly -- it does not tell the computer what a sentence is
- How is my computer to keep these straight?
  
  To prevent confusion, I must uniquely identify my markup elements
- Uniform Resource Identifier
- RDF gives you a way to make statements that are machine-processable. N
- n RDF statement is a lot like a simple sentence, except that almost all the words are URIs
- <http://aaronsw.com/> <http://love.example.org/terms/reallyLikes> <http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/Weaving/> .
  
  Can you guess what this says? The first URI is the subject. In this instance, the subject is me. The second URI is the predicate. It relates the subject to the object.
- RDF statements can say practically anything, and that it doesn't matter who says them.
- an important RDF principle, namely "anything can say anything about anything"
- <rdf:RDF
  xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
  xmlns:love="http://love.example.org/terms/"
  >
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://aaronsw.com/">
  <love:reallyLikes rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/Weaving/" />
  </rdf:Description>
  </rdf:RDF>
- The most likely source is databases.
- In the world there are thousands of databases, most containing interesting machine-processable information. Governments store arrest records in databases; companies store part and inventory information in a database; most computerized address books store people's names and phone numbers in -- you guessed it! -- a database
- RDF is ideally suited for publishing these databases to the Web.
- , we can ask questions of all these databases at once:
- The use of all these URIs is useless if we never describe what they mean. This is where schemas and ontologies come in
- The coming Semantic Web will multiply this versatility a thousandfold.
- One of the best things about the Web is that it's so many different things to so many different people.
- For some, the defining feature of the Semantic Web will be the ease with which your PDA, your laptop, your desktop, your server, and your car will communicate with each other. For others, it will be the automation of corporate decisions that previously had to be laboriously hand-processed. For still others, it will be the ability to assess the trustworthiness of documents on the Web and the remarkable ease with which we'll be able to find the answers to our questions -- a process that is currently fraught with frustration.
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Semantic Web - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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more fromen.wikipedia.org
- The Semantic Web is an evolving extension of the World Wide Web in which the semantics of information and services on the web is defined, making it possible for the web to understand and satisfy the requests of people and machines to use the web content
- intended to provide a formal description of concepts, terms, and relationships within a given knowledge domain.
- Humans are capable of using the Web to carry out tasks such as finding the Finnish word for "car," to reserve a library book, or to search for the cheapest DVD and buy it. However, a computer cannot accomplish the same tasks without human direction because web pages are designed to be read by people, not machines. The semantic web is a vision of information that is understandable by computers, so that they can perform more of the tedious work involved in finding, sharing and combining information on the web.
- I have a dream for the Web [in which computers] become capable of analyzing all the data on the Web – the content, links, and transactions between people and computers. A ‘Semantic Web’, which should make this possible, has yet to emerge, but when it does, the day-to-day mechanisms of trade, bureaucracy and our daily lives will be handled by machines talking to machines. The ‘intelligent agents’ people have touted for ages will finally materialize.
  
  – Tim Berners-Lee, 1999
- In particular, the semantic web is expected to revolutionize scientific publishing, such as real-time publishing and sharing of experimental data on the Interne
- Many files on a typical computer can be loosely divided into documents and data. Documents, like mail messages, reports and brochures, are read by humans. Data, like calendars, addressbooks, playlists and spreadsheets, are presented using an application program which lets them be viewed, searched and combined in many ways.
- Currently, the World Wide Web is based mainly on documents written in Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), a markup convention that is used for coding a body of text interspersed with multimedia objects such as images and interactive forms.
- Metadata tags, for example <meta name="keywords" content="computing, computer studies, computer"><meta name="description" content="xxxx... "><meta name="author" content="xxxx"> provide a method by which computers can categorise the content of web pages.
- publishing the data in a language, Resource Description Framework (RDF), specifically for data, so that it can be categorized as human perception and be "understood" by computers.
- there is no capability within the HTML itself to assert unambiguously that, for example, item number X586172 is an Acme Gizmo with a retail price of €199, or that it is a consumer product.
- These technologies are combined in order to provide descriptions that supplement or replace the content of Web documents.
- The machine-readable descriptions enable content managers to add meaning to the content, i.e. to describe the structure of the knowledge we have about that content.
- , a machine can process knowledge itself, instead of text, using processes similar to human deductive reasoning and inference, thereby obta
- Some develop their critique from the perspective of human behavior and personal preferences, which ostensibly diminish the likelihood of its fulfillment (
- Enthusiasm about the semantic web could be tempered by concerns regarding censorship and privacy
- n advanced implementation of the semantic web would make it much easier for governments to control the viewing and creation of online information, as this information would be much easier for an automated content-blocking machine to understand.
- the issue has also been raised that, with the use of FOAF files and geo location meta-data, there would be very little anonymity associated with the authorship of articles on things such as a personal blog.