Takuya Homma (takuya514)'s Public Profile in the Diigo Community

Member since Mar 20, 2008, follows 8 people, 1 public groups, 4682 public bookmarks (4829 total).

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Review of Guobin Yang's "Power of the Internet in China" on 2009-09-30
- In short, BBSes were the most advanced social networking tools
  available when people started going online in large numbers, and the
  forums filled such a hunger that they became the dominant mode of
  online communication and stayed that way. (Bandwidth may also be a
  consideration.)
- The degree of contact between Chinese civic associations and people
  outside China is also surprisingly high. Some of this is strategic, as
  evidenced by the following:
  
  The first sites in Chinese were started by Chinese people in the
  Diaspora, and they created a thriving (sometimes dissident) culture
  before the Internet was in wide use inside China.
  
  People in China who can’t get their articles published inside the
  country routinely send them to web sites outside for publication, in
  Chinese or other languages.
  
  Protests that have an international reach tend to be more radical than
  those focused inside China.
アゴラ : 価値破壊的な活動は抑止されなければならない−−池尾和人 on 2009-09-30
- 要するに、前者（production）は価値創造的で、後者（conflict）は価値破壊的な活動なわけです。ハーシュライファーは、多くの経済学者は経済活動というと前者のようなものしか想定せず、後者の存在を無視してきたと批判しています。しかし、既述のように、個別的には後者の方が有利で後者を選んでしまうということがあり得ます。それゆえ、後者のような経済活動を抑止するようなルールの導入などの制度設計が必要になります。後者のような活動をどれだけ封じ込められるかは、効率性の観点から決定的に重要です。なお、ハーシュライファーは、前者の活動を支える技術を technology of production と呼び、後者の活動を支える技術を technology of conflict（あるいは、technology of struggle）と呼んでいます。
Netflix Prizeに見るOpen Innovationの可能性 | JOURNAL | FERMAT on 2009-09-30
- いずれにしても、このコンテストを通じて、Best of the Bestの開発メンバーが、期間限定で自発的に形成されていったわけで、こうした「最高の知恵の抽出」部分が、crowdsourcing推進の側に経つ学者や経営者から関心が集まったところだ。
- もっといえば、Netflixが提供する100万件のデータを利用できること自体に価値を見いだす人びとも多数いて、それは単純に「この難問に立ち向かう」ことを通じて得ることができる経験や知見という、副産物の方に関心を持った人たちもいたということだ。
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- - ●世界中からソフトウェア開発者が参加
    
    ●汎用性の高いゴールの設定により、賞金目当てのほかにも参加のインセンティブをもつ人びと・団体が存在
    
    ●開発ゴール途上で、誰もが超えがたい「難所」の発覚　（８％の頭打ち）
    
    ●難所攻略を目指した参加チーム間のリソース交換　（情報交換、メンバーのシャッフル）
    
    ●共通ゴールを目指しているという、参加者間の「一体感」の漸次的醸成
    
    ●ゴール攻略の直接の達成を放棄し、自身の成果を公開してしまう（善意の？）人物の登場
    
    極めつけは、
    
    ●最終ゴールを達成したチームは2チームあり、その差は20分でしかなかったこと。
THE LAST DAYS OF THE POLYMATH | More Intelligent Life on 2009-09-29
- Carl Djerassi is a polymath. Strictly speaking that means he is someone who knows a lot about a lot. But Djerassi also passes a sterner test: he can do a lot, too. As a chemist (synthesising cortisone and helping invent the Pill); an art collector (he assembled one of the world’s largest collections of works by Paul Klee); and an author (19 books and plays), he has accomplished more than enough for one lifetime.
- “To me, promiscuity is a way of flitting around. Polygamy, serious polygamy, is where you have various marriages and each of them is important. And in the ideal polygamy I suspect there’s no number one wife and no number six wife. You have a deep connection with each person.”
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- - When Young was alive the world contained about a billion people. Few of them were literate and fewer still had the chance to experiment on the nature of light or to examine the Rosetta stone. Today the planet teems with 6.7 billion minds. Never have so many been taught to read and write and think, and then been free to choose what they would do with their lives. The electronic age has broken the shackles of knowledge. Never has it been easier to find something out, or to get someone to explain it to you.
  - Posner first made his name as a monomath. “I had a very big intellectual commitment for many years to anti-trust law. I wrote a lot about that.” Eventually, though, the polymath rose to the surface and he put anti-trust behind him. “I just got bored with it, I think the field slowed down—it happens with fields,” he says. These days most people cling to their expertise; Posner talks about it as if he were trading in an old car.
  - The monomaths do not only swarm over a specialism, they also play dirty. In each new area that Posner picks—policy or science—the experts start to erect barricades. “Even in relatively soft fields, specialists tend to develop a specialised vocabulary which creates barriers to entry,” Posner says with his economic hat pulled down over his head. “Specialists want to fend off the generalists. They may also want to convince themselves that what they are doing is really very difficult and challenging. One of the ways they do that is to develop what they regard a rigorous methodology—often mathematical.
  - “The specialist will always be able to nail the generalists by pointing out that they don’t use the vocabulary quite right and they make mistakes that an insider would never make. It’s a defence mechanism. They don’t like people invading their turf, especially outsiders criticising insiders. So if I make mistakes about this economic situation, it doesn’t really bother me tremendously. It’s not my field. I can make mistakes. On the other hand for me to be criticising someone whose whole career is committed to a particular outlook and method and so on, that is very painful.”
  - For a polymath, the charge of dabbling never lies far below the surface. “With the amount of information that’s around, if you really want to understand your topic thoroughly then, yes, you have to specialise,” says Chris Leek, the chairman of British Mensa, a club for people who score well on IQ tests. “And if you want to speak with authority, then it’s important to be seen to specialise.”
  - Posner could become a polymath because he has a unifying set of ideas. “A lot of this work is economic theory in new areas. So applying a method to a new field is not the same thing as mastering multiple fields. To achieve mastery in unrelated areas in an age of specialisation is exceedingly difficult. On the other hand, to take a technique that can be applied to a variety of substantive fields is not as difficult. So if I write about the economics of old age and the economics of sex and the economics of the national security and intelligence services, I am not mastering the field. I am not becoming a sociologist, or a psychiatrist or what have you.”
  - Just knowing about a lot of things has never been easier. Never before have dabblers been so free to paddle along the shore and dip into the first rock pool that catches the eye. If you have an urge to take off your shoes and test the water, countless specialists are ready to hold your hand.
  - Part of my regret at the scarcity of polymaths is sentimental. Polymaths were the product of a particular time, when great learning was a mark of distinction and few people had money and leisure. Their moment has passed, like great houses or the horse-drawn carriage. The world may well be a better place for the specialisation that has come along instead. The pity is that progress has to come at a price. Civilisation has put up fences that people can no longer leap across; a certain type of mind is worth less. The choices modern life imposes are duller, more cramped.
Worldwide Lexicon: matching up technologies and culture to end the language barrier - O'Reilly Radar on 2009-09-28
- As attractive as the Firefox plug-in can be, it's only the first stage
  in four that Brian plans toward a computing environment that
  encourages and leverages human translation. On the browser side, the
  next logical project is to reproduce the Firefox experience for IE
  users. Ultimately, he hopes the functionality becomes a standard part of every
  browser. Even better, he's working on a way to include the functionality
  on the server side so that it's browser-independent (although that
  technology would require support in the server software, of course).
IEEE Spectrum: Million Dollar Netflix Prize Won on 2009-09-28
- Bellkor and Ensemble were both coalitions formed by teams that had to join forces to stay in the race. BellKor's own core, though, had always been the team to beat. Lead members Robert M. Bell, Chris Volinsky, and Yehuda Koren began their work at Bell Laboratories, where the first two still work; Koren has since joined Yahoo Research, in Israel. They snagged the competition's first, $50 000 milestone by achieving the best improvement, short of 10 percent, by a certain date. The three scientists, together with Jim Bennett, then a vice-president at Netflix, described their work for IEEE Spectrum, in “The Million-Dollar Programming Prize” (May 2009).
Museum 2.0: Frameworks and Lessons from the Public Participation in Science Research Report on 2009-09-28
- Earlier this year, a group of informal science researchers, led by Rick Bonney of the Cornell Lab of Ornithology, published an extremely useful report on public participation in science research (PPSR). In this report, the authors describe three specific models for public participation: contribution, collaboration, and co-creation. They provide detailed case studies of projects in each area, including project descriptions, informal science education goals, participant training techniques, and evaluation outcomes. While the evaluation component of the report is focused on the extent to which these various projects promote science learning and behavior change among participants, the rubric of participatory models introduces a language that can be useful to many kinds of institutions and projects.
- In the contributory model, visitors are solicited to provide limited and specified objects, actions, or ideas to an institutionally-controlled process.
  In the collaborative model, visitors are invited to serve as active partners in the creation of an institutional project which is originated and ultimately controlled by the institution.
  In the co-creation model, visitors and the institution work together from the beginning to define the project's goals and to generate the program or exhibit based on community interests.
  I would add a fourth model, tentatively called co-option. In the co-option model, the institution turns over a portion of its facilities and resources to support programs developed and implemented by external public groups.
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- - In citizen science projects, the public is invited to participate in "real science" by working with scientists on projects that benefit from mass participation around the world. But most citizen science projects are contributory; participants collect data based on specifications determined by scientists, to help answer questions posed by scientists. The scientists control the process, steer the data collection, and analyze the results. Unsurprisingly, studies have shown that these kinds of citizen science projects are enormously successful at engaging the public with science but are not successful at exposing participants to the entire scientific process.
    
    For this reason, some citizen science projects are now moving towards collaborative and co-creative models. As in the contributory model, in the collaborative model of citizen science, the scientists still determine the research question and the overall data collection and analysis methodology. However, the public is actively involved in multiple steps of the research process, including collecting data, analyzing results, and drawing conclusions. The scientists and the public participants become partners in the implementation and dissemination of the scientific research, though the research is still led by the scientists.
Netflix Everywhere: Sorry Cable, You're History on 2009-09-28
How blogging has augmented my career : Terra Sigillata on 2009-09-28
Smarter people go to college, so average university students less intelligent? : Gene Expression on 2009-09-28