This link has been bookmarked by 530 people . It was first bookmarked on 02 Mar 2006, by Wade Ren.
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26 Oct 09
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Wei Lin Gwen TanSocial and collaborative bookmarking
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This paper reviews some current initiatives, as of early 2005, in providing
public link management applications on the Web – utilities that are often
referred to under the general moniker of 'social bookmarking tools'. There are a
couple of things going on here: 1) server-side software aimed specifically at
managing links with, crucially, a strong, social networking flavour, and 2) an
unabashedly open and unstructured approach to tagging, or user classification,
of those links.
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15 Aug 09
Java ManArticle from D-Lib Magazine about Social Bookmarking Tools.
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j thurowOlder but still good overview of social bookmarking from D-Lib
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By contrast, the new link managers tend to use dynamic categorization systems whereby the user annotates links with whatever terms seem most relevant. Links are generally annotated with 'tags', which are free-form labels assigned by the user and not drawn from any controlled vocabulary. This is very much a 'bottom-up' (or personal) approach compared with the traditional 'top-down' (or organizational) structured means of classification.
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Carla PritchettInformation about social bookmarking tools
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marco antonioD-Lib Magazine
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Social bookmarking tools also share this characteristic: the more they are used, the more value accrues to the system itself and thereby to all who participate in it.
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This is very much a 'bottom-up' (or personal) approach compared with the traditional 'top-down' (or organizational) structured means of classification.
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27 Jun 09
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"the Web is old, the Web is new, the Web is all, the Web is you"
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utilities that are often referred to under the general moniker of 'social bookmarking tools'. There are a couple of things going on here: 1) server-side software aimed specifically at managing links with, crucially, a strong, social networking flavour, and 2) an unabashedly open and unstructured approach to tagging, or user classification, of those links.
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reviews some current initiatives, as of early 2005, in providing public link management applications on the Web
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17 Jun 09
Heather Wellockyahoo... starting metadata with yahoo but than too big so became bottom-up by the people
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upstart Netscape browser. This was to be called Internet Explorer and
included a similar link manager that was dubbed Favorites. -
new, upstart Netscape browser. This was to be called Internet Explorer
and included a similar link manager that was dubbed Favorites. B - 12 more annotations...
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A number of such utilities are presented here, together with an emergent new
class of tools that caters more to the academic communities -
, Microsoft, finally catching the wave, was engineering a vigorous response to
the new, upstart Netscape browser. This was to be called Internet
Explorer and included a similar link manager that was dubbed
Favorites. Bookmarks or Favorites had now become an integral part of
users' everyday web experience and would remain so until powerful search engines
such as Google and Yahoo! came knocking on the door. Because,
while bookmarks allowed users to record sites of interest, they soon grew to
become unwieldy in terms of needing to be managed within the confines of a
simple, hierarchical structure. It became apparent with the growing power of the
new search engines that it was easier just to search for a particular site
afresh each time – in effect, search engines were now able to provide a dynamic
bookmarking service, or bookmarks on demand. -
Taxonomies, however, were not done for. Early
collaborative attempts to build
out a shared
taxonomy, rather than develop a personal hierarchy of links,
resulted in
such endeavours as the Open Directory Project [
7
] and Zeal [
8
], as well as
commercial
operations like Yahoo! [
9
]. But these
web-based
directories would
soon struggle against the ever encroaching advance of the
search engine -
Taxonomies, however, were not done for. Early collaborative attempts to build
out a shared taxonomy, rather than develop a personal hierarchy of links,
resulted in such endeavours as the Open Directory Project [7] and Zeal [8], as well as commercial
operations like Yahoo! [9]. But these web-based
directories would soon struggle against the ever encroaching advance of the
search engine. -
Tim O'Reilly has talked about an 'architecture of participation' [12] whereby a grassroots user base creates a self-regulating
collaborative network. The result of this approach is that the best applications
become more useful for all participants the more that people make use of them. -
Social bookmarking tools also share this characteristic: the more they are used,
the more value accrues to the system itself and thereby to all who participate
in it. -
By contrast, the new link managers tend to use dynamic categorization systems
whereby the user annotates links with whatever terms seem most relevant. Links
are generally annotated with 'tags', which are free-form labels assigned by the
user and not drawn from any controlled vocabulary. This is very much a
'bottom-up' (or personal) approach compared with the traditional 'top-down' (or
organizational) structured means of classification. -
The nature of the application is largely responsible for driving a particular
tagging practice. For example, Flickr users are generally managing
personal collections of their own digital photos for private use or for sharing
with friends and family, while the blog aggregator Technorati [28] uses tags supplied by the user (either presented within an
RSS feed or linked to from the HTML page) to describe their blogs so that others
may discover them. The majority of the social bookmarking tools reviewed in this
paper fall into the category of users tagging others' content mainly for their
own benefit, although the bookmarks and tags are generally public, and users can
establish social networking opportunities. -
for the authors of this paper, tags are just one kind of metadata and are not a
replacement for formal classification systems such as Dublin Core, MODS, etc.
[n15]. Rather, they are a supplemental means to organize
information and order search results -
Another important aspect on the social axis is user privacy. By publicizing
their bookmarks, users are opening up to other users on the Web their own sphere
of interests -
The short answer to this is that social bookmarking tools, as with the Web at
large, usually pay users back many times over in utility for whatever privacy
they may have surrendered. But if absolute privacy is important, then it's
certainly best to stay away from these tools (and, indeed, possibly the Web as a
whole). -
There is no question but that spamming of these new social tools can and will
occur – it almost goes with the territory that social forums will foster such
'parasites' and some instances have been noted already. So far, however, it does
not seem to have been a major problem, largely because spam has been drowned out
by legitimate use. But obviously, continuing vigilance must play a part, and
robust defences may need to be put in place should this start to become
problematic.
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13 Jun 09
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26 May 09
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10 May 09
Dave JefferyBecause, to paraphrase a pop music lyric from a certain rock and roll band of yesterday, "the Web is old, the Web is new, the Web is all, the Web is you", it seems like we might have to face up to some of these stark realities [n1]. With the introduction
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ust as long as those hyperlinks (or let's call them plain old links) are managed, tagged, commented upon, and published onto the Web, they represent a user's own personal library placed on public record, which – when aggregated with other personal libraries – allows for rich, social networking opportunities.
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Just as long as those hyperlinks (or let's call them plain old links) are managed, tagged, commented upon, and published onto the Web, they represent a user's own personal library placed on public record, which – when aggregated with other personal libraries – allows for rich, social networking opportunities.
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24 Dec 08
Timothy Welshbackground and argument for using link management software.
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26 Nov 08
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12 Nov 08
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This is very much a 'bottom-up' (or personal) approach compared with the
traditional 'top-down' (or organizational) structured means of classification -
folksonomies move us from a 'binary' in-or-out classification system to an
'analogue' one in which items can exist in multiple categories, each weighted by
relative popularity - 4 more annotations...
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A listener hears a song on the radio, uses their cell phone to text back to a
website with tags and star ratings. Later, returning to the website, the user
can type in their phone number and see the songs they have bookmarked -
This ability to sort out the wheat from the chaff is an important win over a
web-based search engine -
Another important aspect on the social axis is user privacy
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A further issue to consider is tag spamming
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29 Oct 08
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29 Sep 08
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Because, while bookmarks allowed users to record sites of interest, they soon
grew to become unwieldy in terms of needing to be managed within the confines of
a simple, hierarchical structure. It became apparent with the growing power of
the new search engines that it was easier just to search for a particular site
afresh each time – in effect, search engines were now able to provide a dynamic
bookmarking service, or bookmarks on demand. -
These would become the social link managers, with links not randomly discovered
or crawled by robots and spiders, but registered, tagged and rated by users for
their own benefit, and made available to other users [n9].
Robot wisdom was increasingly being challenged by the 'buzz latency' [11] that such a shared personal recommendation system creates. - 9 more annotations...
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Tim O'Reilly has talked about an 'architecture of participation' [12] whereby a grassroots user base creates a self-regulating
collaborative network. The result of this approach is that the best applications
become more useful for all participants the more that people make use of them. -
Social bookmarking tools also share this characteristic: the more they are
used, the more value accrues to the system itself and thereby to all who
participate in it. -
This orderly approach to cataloguing allows for both the validation and quality
control of known terms to be registered within an information system. By
contrast, the new link managers tend to use dynamic categorization systems
whereby the user annotates links with whatever terms seem most relevant. Links
are generally annotated with 'tags', which are free-form labels assigned by the
user and not drawn from any controlled vocabulary. This is very much a
'bottom-up' (or personal) approach compared with the traditional 'top-down' (or
organizational) structured means of classification. -
Another approach that has been discussed (and, in the case of del.icio.us
even implemented as 'tag bundles') is the tagging of tags, which could result in
the creation of hierarchical folksonomies -
Bear in mind also that the terms used are, by definition, the very terms that
real users might be expected to use in future when searching for this
information. -
an 'analogue' one in which items can exist in multiple categories, each
weighted by relative popularity. -
Search engines, at this point, tend to index and search a global space – not my
local space. My space comprises the documents I am interested in and the
documents of other users that I want to follow. -
Usernames are presented first, followed directly by any tag or tag combination.
If no username is presented then a '/tag' path element is prefixed
to the path to avoid name collisions of tags with possible usernames. -
- Personal user accounts (groups sometimes provided)
- Mechanism for entering links, titles and descriptions
- Browser bookmarklets to facilitate entry [n18]
- Classification by 'open' or 'free' tagging
- Search by tag or user (Boolean combinations sometimes allowed)
- Querying of links based on popularity, users, tags, etc.
- RSS feeds
- Extensions such as browser plug-ins
- Personal user accounts (groups sometimes provided)
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Why spill any ink
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There is a range from a 'selfish' tagging discipline, where the users are primarily tagging their own content for their own retrieval purposes, right through to a more 'altruistic' tagging discipline, where the user is tagging others' content for yet others to retrieve.
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08 Jun 08
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Phil BrownThis paper reviews some current initiatives, as of early 2005, in providing public link management applications on the Web – utilities that are often referred to under the general moniker of 'social bookmarking tools'. There are a couple of thin
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03 Jun 08
Gemma WittonThe short answer to this is that social bookmarking tools, as with the Web at large, usually pay users back many times over in utility for whatever privacy they may have surrendered. But if absolute privacy is important, then it's certainly best to stay a
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29 Apr 08
Veronika SmithThis paper reviews current initiatives in providing public 'social bookmarking tools'. 1) server-side software aimed specifically at managing links 2) open and unstructured approach to tagging, or user classification
bookmarking del.icio.us tagging tags taxonomy web2.0 prednasky
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Alain MaroisArticle de fond sur le socialbookmarking par les promoteur de Connotea, service de partage de références bibliographiques lancé par NaturePublishingGroup
academic del.icio.us connotea folksonomy tagging Formation_SocialBookmaking-veille2.0 articles
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We note there have been some attempts to introduce structure within tags. Some users have adopted private conventions to indicate hierarchy (or other structural relationships) within an otherwise flat namespace, but these indications are just intended for personal use and cannot as yet be leveraged to any common advantage. Another approach that has been discussed (and, in the case of del.icio.us even implemented as 'tag bundles') is the tagging of tags, which could result in the creation of hierarchical folksonomies. This is an area that is worth tracking – there are no rules as yet.
Anecdotal evidence (see Jon Udell's screencast on del.icio.us [23]) supports the view that there is a natural tendency towards the convergence of tags. Strategies to facilitate this development are also possible. In a blog entry entitled 'Folksonomies: How we can improve the tags' [24], Lars Pind has suggested various possibilities including the following: a) 'suggest tags for me', b) 'find synonyms automatically', c) 'help me use the same tags others use', d) 'infer hierarchy from the tags', and e) 'make it easy to adjust tags on old content'. Currently only option e) appears to be in common use, presumably because it is the easiest to implement. -
Table 1. Reviewed Social Bookmarking Tools - Comparison
Tool
Sponsor
Public Launch
Users
Links
Tags†
Business Model
CiteULike
Privately Managed (UK)
Nov. '04
>2k
>25k
>60k
Possible academic funding, targeted advertising and/or sale of code
Connotea
Nature Publishing Group (UK)
Dec. '04
>2k
>4k
>3k
Supported by NPG as potential driver to other products
del.icio.us
Privately Managed (US)‡
Dec. '03
50k
1m
2m
Advertising being considered
Flickr
Ludicorp (Canada)
Feb. '04
245k
3.5m
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Annual premium account ($60), Google Ads
Frassle
Privately Managed (US)
Nov. '03
≈1k
>1m
>30k
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Furl
LookSmart (US)
Jan. '04
>100k
>2m
100k
Advertising
Simpy
Privately Managed (US)
May '04
>2k
>300k
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Spurl.net
Spurl ehf. (Iceland)
Jan. '04
≈16k
>1.6m
≈300k
Sale of web site information, ASP services, advertising
unalog
Yale University (US)
Jan. '04
>250
>5k
700
Yale-supported R&D project
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while bookmarks allowed users to record sites of interest, they soon grew to become unwieldy in terms of needing to be managed within the confines of a simple, hierarchical structure
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Wikipedia [14], the free encyclopedia, with user-generated content produced at a fraction of the cost of more established publishers
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the Web is old, the Web is new, the Web is all, the Web is you"
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they represent a user's own personal library placed on public record,
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allows for rich, social networking opportunities.
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spamming.
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although it should be noted that new regional bookmarking tools for French and Japanese users are already emerging
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As a simple demonstration of the way in which social bookmarking tools might benefit academic research,
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Tools
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D-Lib Magazine
April 2005
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Hotlists, which, while still hierarchical and aping the common file system paradigm of folders and files, at least allowed for links to be easily recorded and for ready access to any recorded link from any page within the browser.
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hierarchical structure
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Bookmarklets appear as simple links and can be treated and stored as regular bookmarks but actually contain embedded JavaScript code that is executed when the link is activated.
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The online auctioneer eBay [13] is a classic example of this 'network effect' of users coming together for the benefit of all, although there are many others.
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English language tags, although it should be noted that new regional bookmarking tools for French and Japanese users are already emerging
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Reinvention is revolution – it brings us always back to beginnings.
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just pointing at the original story and adding the merest of titles
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tagging
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he more they are used, the more value accrues to the system itself and thereby to all who participate in it.
Tag Soup
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29 Jan 08
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23 Jan 08
Emma BentonTony Hammond, Timo Hannay, Ben Lund, and Joanna Scott
social_bookmarking Tagging web2.0 folksonomy education del.icio.us 1c Teaching research tags internet ict technology
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Page Comments
1) server-side software aimed specifically at managing links with, crucially, a strong, social networking flavour, and
2) an unabashedly open and unstructured approach to tagging, or user classification, of those links.
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