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29 Oct 15
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CRITICAL READING
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fiction
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An analysis explains what a work of literature means
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how it means it
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analyzing literature
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particularly poetry
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guide
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are people
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resist analysis
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articulation
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defense
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how the resources of literature are used to create the meaningfulness of the text.
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interpretation
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it can be and should be analyzed
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work of art is an artifice
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tears apart' a work of art
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main reasons for analyzing literature:
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appreciated
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create richer
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denser
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ultimate end of analysis
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deeper understanding
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uncover
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learn to see more
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fuller appreciation
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interesting meanings
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meaning-making
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astute and powerful use of the tools of meaning on the reader's part.
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literature uses language, images,
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timeless
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situated historically, socially, intellectually,
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analysis should also teach us
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aware of the cultural delineations of a work
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ideological aspects
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not eternal
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particular historical conditions
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particular cultural, personal, gender, racial, class and other perspectives.
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particular times,
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particular intents
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own culture and time
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historical applications as well
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ideology
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understanding
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to help us, through close reading and through reflection, understand the way ideas and feelings are talked about in our culture or in other times and cultures
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matters of importance to human life
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different kinds of understanding
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communities of meaning
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feel about them
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relate them to other aspects of their lives.
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symbolic worlds of communities
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imagine them
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about life
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contains
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Poetry
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a poem
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'parts';
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identify
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poetry makes its meaning,
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feeling
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i mages
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difficult to give a prescription
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relationships
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ways of reading,
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different poems call on different aspects of poetry
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meanings
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look at the title
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indicators of its meaning
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direct
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read the poem
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dominate
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aspects of setting
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topic
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voice
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ending of the poem
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'gets to'
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understand
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divide
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parts
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organization
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reversal,
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proceeds
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elements or principles
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climax
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organization is
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oppositions
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sequence of some kind
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kind of words used
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nuance
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brief
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attitude
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subject
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intonation
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tone of the poem
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project its meaning
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title
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major indicators of 'topic'
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ending
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organization,
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read the poem out loud
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the tone
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noticing more about how the various elements of the poetry work to create its meaning.
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get a sense of how this poem is going,
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point and drift is
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oppositions
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imagery used,
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different
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natural world.
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realism or symbolism
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resonant or compelling
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Reading poetry well
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balance
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experience
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attention
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engagement with the qualities
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structure
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more and more meaning, power and beauty
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relationships
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have to learn it.
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When you do
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Elements
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questions to apply to your analysis
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how the poem is making its meaning
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the speaker
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genre
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the structure
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setting
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the sound of the poetry
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the way the reader is formed by the poem
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the poem's historical placement
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ideology or 'world-view'
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genre, or form, of the poem?
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sonnet
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elegy
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lyric
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narrative
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dramatic monologu
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epistle
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an epic
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many more
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forms
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genres
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different subjects
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attributes.
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conventions
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aims,
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love sonnet,
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talk about different aspects of human experience
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than is a political satire
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is part of the meaning of the poem.
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speaking
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just a voice
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doesn't mean
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is the author
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a voice in the poem which speaks.
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undramatized
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voice of the poem says "I",
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doesn't identify itself
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dramatized
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says "I",
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clearly that of a particular persona,
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dramatized character
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Identify the voice
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have to do
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expression of attitude).
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attitude
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the tone of the voice
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is happening
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involved in the action or reflection of the poem is the voice?
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perspective
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point of view'
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perspective can be social, intellectual, political, even physica
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all contribute to the voice's
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argument, thesis, or subject
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What,
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apparently 'about'?
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basic situation,
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consider any key statements
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conflicts,
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tensions,
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ambiguities
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key relationships
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conflicts
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parallels
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contrasts
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climaxes
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emotional setting
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poem's tone
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historical,
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social,
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problems posed or solved
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structure
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thematic.
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formal
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two basic kinds of structure
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Formal structure
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relation between the parts
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component parts:
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stanza's,
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paragraphs
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way the poem goes together
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first stanza
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past, the second the present, the third the future).
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fiction as 'plot',
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Thematic structure
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argument
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state a problem in eight lines
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is developed.
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presentation
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answer to the problem in the next six;
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four a reflection on what the example implies.
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eight lines stating the problem, four might provide a concrete example
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relations between formal and thematic structure.
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thematic structure
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conflicts,
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tensions in the poem
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uncertainties
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ambiguities
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guides to the direction of meanings in the poem
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poem make use of setting
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setting in terms of time and place
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setting in terms of the physical world
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variety of purposes.
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physical world of the poem
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specific detail
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concrete
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tonal
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specific,
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mood or associations
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the wind blowing mournfully through the willows
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as a motif
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the tree that reminds me of Kathryn
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youthful dreams
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interpretation
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a doctrine or idea
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symbols
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generalized meanings
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broader
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concrete --- tonal -- connotative -- symbolic --- allegorical
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use imagery
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Imagery
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any sort of image
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two basic kinds
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figures of speech
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described above.
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physical setting
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metaphors
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extend the imaginative range
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complexity
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comprehensibility
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very brief
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word or two,
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glistening fragment
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connection sparked into a blaze
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extended analogies
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Donne's 'conceits'or Milton's epic similes.
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central to its meaning
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conflicts
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key statements
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direct or indirect
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meanings
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no key statements
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key or central symbol
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recurring images
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actions
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motifs
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repetitions
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sound of the poetry
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its meaning
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rhythm
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the sound must seem an echo to the sense
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the sound of the words
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contribute to the meaning
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use of language.
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words are used
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kinds
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rely on connotation
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associations
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certain kind of horse
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stallion"
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puns,
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double meanings
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ambiguities of meaning
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previous writing
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allusion
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vastly extended
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I was thirsty and you kissed my lips
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Trip Through Your Wires
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intertextuality
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I was thirsty and you wet my lips.
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reference to Matthew 25:35 in the Bible
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qualities
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evoke
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interest
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experience
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taste
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learning
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'ideal'
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'good'
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reader
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tell you
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any work of art
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means' or is about?
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qualities of response, taste, experience, value
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forms
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subject matter,
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the way the story is told or the scene set
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style
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language
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images
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to construct meaning
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allusions
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implied reader
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historical
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cultural distance
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difference
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your culture's (and sub-culture's)
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and those of the voice, characters, and world of the poem on the other?
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own experiences
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understand better
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experience the poem the way someone of the same time, class, gender and race might have understood it?
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your reading might be different
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your world governs the way you see
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your particular social (race, gender, class, etc.) and historical context?
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this work tell us about the world of its making?
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world-view
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ideology
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expressed?
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basic ideas
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areas of human experience
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important
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valuable
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human experience
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classes
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ignored or denigrated?
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implicitly or explicitly
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love, for instance
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individual happiness
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most important thing
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gained
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intimate sexually-based relationship
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brokenness and pain
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social or political injustice
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human relationships
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might also suggest that the world is a dangerous,
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human love is grounded in divine love
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human condition
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foregrounded,
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inclusions and exclusions
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suppressed
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certainties
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uncertainties
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depictions
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18 Aug 14
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07 Mar 14
Eric MahollitzGuidance on analyzing poetry and fiction, as well as putting together an analytical essay.
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22 Feb 14
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03 Oct 13
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28 Apr 13
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12 Jun 12
Marie SlimCritical Reading: A Guide ~ A guide for "analyzing literature, particularly poetry and fiction." For poetry, contains sections on genre, speaker, structure, setting, and imagery. For fiction, topics include plot, character, setting, figurative language, and world-view. Also includes information on writing an analytical essay. From an english literature professor.
literary_analysis literary_criticism sohs fjuhsd_website criticism criticalreading poetry poets
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10 Jan 12
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An analysis explains what a work of literature means, and how it means it;
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- look at the title
- read the poem for the major indicators of its meaning -- what aspects of setting, of topic, of voice (the person who is speaking) seem to dominate, to direct your reading?
- read the ending of the poem -- decide where it 'gets to'
- divide the poem into parts: try to understand what the organization is, how the poem proceeds, and what elements or principles guide this organization (is there a reversal, a climax, a sequence of some kind, sets of oppositions?)
- pay attention to the tone of the poem -- in brief, its attitude to its subject, as that is revealed in intonation, nuance, the kind of words used, and so forth.
- now that you've looked at the title, the major indicators of 'topic', the ending, the organization, the tone, read the poem out loud, trying to project its meaning in your reading. As you gradually get a sense of how this poem is going, what its point and drift is, start noticing more about how the various elements of the poetry work to create its meaning. This may be as different as the kind of imagery used, or the way it uses oppositions, or the level of realism or symbolism of its use of the natural world.
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Reading poetry well is a balance among and conjunction of qualities: experience, attention, engagement with the qualities which make the poem resonant or compelling, close reading of structure and relationships. It's an acquired talent, you have to learn it. When you do, however, more and more meaning, power and beauty start leaping out at you.
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20 Nov 11
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17 Aug 11
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12 Aug 11
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20 Jun 11
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20 May 11
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01 Apr 11
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07 Oct 10
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27 Sep 10
Stephanie Lytle"Analyzing fiction
The analysis of fiction has many similarities to the analysis of poetry. As a rule a work of fiction is a narrative, with characters, with a setting, told by a narrator, with some claim to represent 'the world' in some fashion.
The topics in this section are plot, character, setting, the narrator, figurative language, the way reality is represented, the world-view.
1. Plot.
As a narrative a work of fiction has a certain arrangement of events which are taken to have a relation to one another. This arrangement of events to some end -- for instance to create significance, raise the level of generality, extend or complicate the meaning -- is known as 'plot'. Narrative is integral to human experience; we use it constantly to make sense out of our experience, to remember and relate events and significance, and to establish the basic patterns of behaviour of our lives. If there is no apparent relation of events in a story our options are either to declare it to be poorly written or to assume that the lack of relation is thematic, mean to represent the chaotic nature of human experience, a failure in a character's experience or personality, or the lack of meaningful order in the universe.
In order to establish significance in narrative there will often be coincidence, parallel or contrasting episodes, repetitions of various sorts, including the repetition of challenges, crises, conciliations, episodes, symbols, motifs. The relationship of events in order to create significance is known as the plot.
2. Character.
Characters in a work of fiction are generally designed to open up or explore certain aspects of human experience. Characters often depict particular traits of human nature; they may represent only one or two traits -- a greedy old man who has forgotten how to care about others, for instance, or they may represent very complex conflicts, values and emotions. Usually there will be contrasting or parallel characters, and usually there will be a significance to the selection of kinds of chara -
27 Aug 10
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09 Aug 10
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30 Jul 10
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25 Mar 10
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27 Feb 10
Lisa HartmanThis is a guide to what you might look for in analyzing literature, particularly poetry and fiction.
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04 Feb 10
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14 Jan 10
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12 Jan 10
Richard TGuide to critical reading for poetry & novels.
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02 Jan 10
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27 Dec 09
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14 Oct 09
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03 Sep 09
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17 Aug 09
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23 May 09
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13 Mar 09
Krissa SwainFrom John Lye's Courses and Sources Pages - A Guide Designed for His Year 1 Students by Professor John Lye
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08 Mar 09
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05 Feb 09
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25 Jan 09
Alexandra KonsurCritical Analysis of Poetry and Prose Directions
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05 Aug 08
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07 Jul 08
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25 Jun 08
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04 Jun 08
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18 May 08
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14 May 08
Julia Lesagea guide to critical reading and writing, good for anyone writing on literature or the narrative arts, including film and storytelling
literature pedagogy academic education screenwriting narrative tools tips
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06 May 08
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01 May 08
Peter HanleyThis is a guide to what you might look for in analyzing literature, particularly poetry and fiction. An analysis explains what a work of literature means, and how it means it; it is essentially an articulation of and a defense of an interpretation which s
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