This link has been bookmarked by 20 people . It was first bookmarked on 05 Aug 2006, by Lambert Heller.
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26 Apr 17
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To create a new page, one simply creates a link to it! Furthermore, each page includes links through which one can sign in (if desired), view a log of recent changes to the page (including the author, change, and time), or participate in a discussion about how the page is being edited on its Talk Page – and this too is a Wiki page. These powerful features are representative of Cunningham’s (2004) original design principles for Wiki: that it be open, incremental, organic, mundane (simple), universal, overt (there’s a correspondence between the edited and presented form), unified, precise, tolerant, observable, and convergent (non-redundant content). The application of a general tool facilitates a surprisingly sophisticated creation!
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One might characterize it according to the definition Kropotkin wrote of in his Britannica article on anarchism: “harmony in such a society being obtained, not by submission to law, or by obedience to any authority, but by free agreements concluded between the various groups.” Yet, as one can imagine, having thousands of participants editing a Web site so as to produce a coherent product and congenial community is a significant challenge.
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Kelley et al. (2003:3) define interdependence as "The manner in which two individuals influence each other's outcomes in the course of their interaction." Wikipedia certainly fits the bill: it is difficult to conceive of a large collaborative project that is as accessible to the general public as this one.
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Not surprisingly, Wikipedians sometimes disagree: each contributor resisting the other's influence on the joint outcome of a contested article, Barki and Hartwick (2001:7) define interpersonal conflict as, “a phenomenon that occurs between interdependent parties as they experience negative emotional reactions to perceived disagreements and interference with the attainment of their goals.
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I expect that the integrated potential within the Wikipedia context is huge: any contribution other than that which deletes other useful contributions, or otherwise significantly impairs such contributions is integrative.
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owever, the Wikipedia does benefit from having an explicit goal and way of achieving it via its Neutral Point of View (Wikipedia 2004wnp) policy which I discuss below. Furthermore, in contrast to the MUD environments that Smith studied, the Wikipedia environment is much more egalitarian: contributions are accepted from all, including the anonymous, and there are few personal privileges that come with an elevated status, but many hassles.
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02 Oct 09
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Mutual aid is as much a law of animal life as mutual struggle
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“neutral point of view” policy is not a source of conflict, as it is often perceived to be, but a resolution shaping norm
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harmony in such a society being obtained, not by submission to law, or by obedience to any authority, but by free agreements concluded between the various groups.
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egalitarian: contributions are accepted from all, including the anonymous, and there are few personal privileges that come with an elevated status, but many hassles.
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The notion of "dispute resolution" is surprisingly optimistic: as if agreement and harmony are the natural state from which disputes sometimes errantly arise and must be swiftly corrected. Yet to characterize social relations as inherently conflicted – as is sometimes done with Wikipedia – is also mistaken. (Debates regarding stability versus conflict within social models have a long history. Burrell and Morgan (1979) distinguished the bias in such models as regulation or radical; Deetz (1996) as consensus or dissensus.)
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A misunderstood notion about Wikipedia is that much contention arises from its Neutral Point Of View (NPOV) policy (Wikipedia 2004wnp): that debates arise from this seemingly impossible requirement to remain objectively neutral. Yet, the NPOV policy is quite the opposite and instead recognizes the multitude of viewpoints and provides an epistemic stance in which they all can be recognized as instances of human knowledge – right or wrong.
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heat shield: reducing conflict and otherwise channeling outstanding arguments in the productive context of the primary goal of developing an encyclopedia that is representative of many viewpoints.
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either purposefully or accidentally, reflects many findings in the literature on how to encourage productive interdependent collaboration.
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14 May 09
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06 Jun 08
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18 Apr 07
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19 Nov 06
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21 Apr 06
Trebor ScholzThis paper explores the character of “mutual aid” and interdependent decision making within the Wikipedia.
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10 Jun 05
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The anarchist Peter Kropotkin once wrote that “Mutual aid is as much a law of animal life as mutual struggle” (1902). At the time, he was responding to arguments arising from Darwin's The Origin of Species: that in nature and society individual creatures ceaselessly struggle against each other for dominance. Kropotkin took pains to explain and provide examples of how animals and humans survive by cooperating with each other. Interestingly, Kropotkin also contributed the article on anarchism to the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, a collaborative product of the Scottish Enlightenment and a precursor to the Wikipedia, a collaborative, on-line, and free encyclopedia. This paper explores the character of “mutual aid” and interdependent decision making within the Wikipedia. I provide a brief introduction to Wikipedia, the key terms associated with group decision making, and the Wikipedia dispute resolution process. I then focus on the cultural norms within Wikipedia that frame participation as a cooperative endeavor. I conclude by identifying some notions from negotiation literature that may be inappropriate or require adaptation to the Wikipedia case.
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14 Feb 05
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12 Feb 05
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11 Feb 05
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This paper explores the character of “mutual aid†and interdependent decision making within the Wikipedia. I provide a brief introduction to Wikipedia, the key terms associated with group decision making, and the Wikipedia dispute resolution process. I then focus on the cultural norms within Wikipedia that frame participation as a cooperative endeavor. I conclude by identifying some notions from negotiation literature that may be inappropriate or require adaptation to the Wikipedia case.
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20 Jan 05
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06 Jan 05
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05 Jan 05
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04 Jan 05
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Howard RheingoldThis paper explores the character of “mutual aid” and interdependent decision making within the Wikipedia.
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