From Shared Databases to Communities of Practice: A Taxonomy of Collaboratories - The Diigo Meta page

• 07 May 13
  

  collaboration community practice ;1 survey

• 06 Feb 12
  

  Kayleigh Bohemier
  • The overall goals of the SOC project  were to: 1) perform a comparative analysis of collaboratory projects, 2)  develop theory about this new organizational form, and 3) offer practical  advice to collaboratory participants and to funding agencies about how to  design and construct successful collaboratories.
  • The SOC database  (http://www.scienceofcollaboratories.org) contains 75 summaries of  collaboratories that achieved some measure of success and analyses of the  technology and other practices that enabled them.
  • This large-scale, three-phase study looked at a large number of  collaborations in high-energy physics, space science, and geophysics.
  • seven measured dimensions: project formation  and composition, magnitude, interdependence, communication, bureaucracy,  participation, and technological practice
  • cluster analysis
  • The technological dimension (whether the  project designed and/or built its own equipment and whether their technology  advanced the state of the art) corresponded to all five success measures.
  • A collaboratory is  an organizational entity that spans distance, supports rich and recurring human  interaction oriented to a common research area, and fosters contact between  researchers who are both known and unknown to each other, and provides access  to data sources, artifacts, and tools required to accomplish research tasks.
  • The sampling technique was strongly biased toward finding examples of  collaboratories that were different than what had been seen before.
  • Projects that were particularly successful were also of special interest,  regardless of whether they were novel.
  • In some cases, collaboratories were included not because they were novel, but  because they seemed prototypical of a certain type.
  • This type of collaboratory's main function is to increase access to a  scientific instrument.
  • Keck's instruments have  been made remotely accessible from Waimea, Hawaii, 32 km away. Remote  observation employs a high-speed data link that connects observatories on Mauna  Kea with Internet-2 and runs on UNIX.
  • Shared Instrument collaboratories have often pushed the envelope of  synchronous (real-time) communications and remote-access technology.
  • One product of the EMSL collaboratory (Myers, Chappell, & Elder,  2003) was a high-end electronic notebook that improved on paper notebooks by  saving instrument output automatically, allowing access from many locations,  and providing the level of security needed for lab notebooks.
  • must solve the problem of allocating  access
  • Community Data System is an information resource that is created,  maintained, or improved by a geographically-distributed community
  • Open Community Contribution System is an open project that  aggregates efforts of many geographically separate individuals toward a common  research problem
  • Two currently active projects are on handwriting recognition and common  sense knowledge.
  • These datasets would generally be too large for hired  project staff to construct, but they might be assembled with help from many  online volunteers.
  • NASA's  Clickworkers project, for example, found that by averaging together the  crater-identification work of several community volunteers, they could create a  dataset as high in quality as would be produced by a smaller number of trained  workers.
  • collaboratory is a network of individuals who share a research  area and communicate about it online. Virtual Communities
  • the main technology issue  is usability
  • This collaboratory functions like a university research center but at a  distance.
  • encounter all of the technology issues of  other collaboratory types, including standardization of data and providing  long-distance technical support
  • should pay  attention to technologies for workplace awareness, which try to approximate the  convenience of face-to-face collaboration
  • Distributed research centers also must settle questions of cross-institutional  intellectual property (IP).
  • Community Infrastructure Projects seek to develop infrastructure to  further work in a particular domain.
  • GriPhyN was funded through the National Science Foundation as a large  Information Technology Research (ITR) project. The group is focused on the  creation of a number of tools for managing "virtual data." This  approach to dealing with data acknowledges that all data except for "raw"  data need exist only as a specification for how they can be derived.
  • Chimera Virtual Data System
  • composed of seven IT research groups and members of  four NSF-funded frontier physics experiments: LIGO, the Sloan Digital Sky  Survey, and the CMS and ATLAS experiments at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN
  • Should building  infrastructure "count" as a contribution to the discipline in the  same way as other publishable works?

  29 more annotations...

• 29 Sep 11
  

  Chris Chalmers

  technology science communities_of_practice collaboration community taxonomy research knowledgemanagement classification

• 07 Sep 11
  

  Paula Antunes
• 03 Feb 11
  

  Michael Simkins

  collaboratory

  • A collaboratory is  an organizational entity that spans distance, supports rich and recurring human  interaction oriented to a common research area, and fosters contact between  researchers who are both known and unknown to each other, and provides access  to data sources, artifacts, and tools required to accomplish research tasks.
• 03 Nov 10
  

  sean connin

  virtual-collaboration collaboration science nsf

• 22 Jul 10
  

  javier prieto

  comunidades_aprendizaje cva

• 

  cristina costa

  CoPs sharing transformation

• 29 May 10
  

  Marie Ascher

  community collaboration collaboratories taxonomy research sharing

• 12 Dec 09
  

  Tor Bjornrud

  readme deliciousImport

• 08 Sep 09
  

  Gabriela Avram

  collaboration taxonomies research

• 18 Jun 09
  

  Alex Halavais

  Promoting affiliation between scientists is relatively easy, but creating larger organizational structures is much more difficult, due to traditions of scientific independence, difficulties of sharing implicit knowledge, and formal organizational barriers. The Science of Collaboratories (SOC) project conducted a broad five-year review to take stock of the diverse ecosystem of projects that fit our definition of a collaboratory and to distill lessons learned in the process. This article describes one of the main products of that review, a seven-category taxonomy of collaboratory types. The types are: Distributed Research Centers, Shared Instruments, Community Data Systems, Open Community Contribution Systems, Virtual Communities of Practice, Virtual Learning Communities, and Community Infrastructure Projects. Each of the types is defined and illustrated with one example, and key technical and organizational issues are identified.

  community collaboration knowledgemanagement collaboratories

• 08 Jun 09
  

  Deborah Elzie

  CoP community collaboration knowledgemanagement research taxonomy communities_of_practice classification collaboratories

• 07 Apr 09
  

  Gosia Stergios

  The Science of Collaboratories (SOC) project conducted a broad five-year review to take stock of the diverse ecosystem of projects that fit our definition of a collaboratory and to distill lessons learned in the process. This article describes one of the

  open_access collaboration cyberinfrastructure for:klsscan GKEN

• 28 Jan 09
  

  Yann Leroux

  collaboration knowledgemanagement research taxonomy collaboratories community bos zimmerman

• 25 Jan 09
  

  Lisa Spiro

  Promoting affiliation between scientists is relatively easy, but creating larger organizational structures is much more difficult, due to traditions of scientific independence, difficulties of sharing implicit knowledge, and formal organizational barriers. The Science of Collaboratories (SOC) project conducted a broad five-year review to take stock of the diverse ecosystem of projects that fit our definition of a collaboratory and to distill lessons learned in the process. This article describes one of the main products of that review, a seven-category taxonomy of collaboratory types. The types are: Distributed Research Centers, Shared Instruments, Community Data Systems, Open Community Contribution Systems, Virtual Communities of Practice, Virtual Learning Communities, and Community Infrastructure Projects. Each of the types is defined and illustrated with one example, and key technical and organizational issues are identified.

  community collaboration collaboratory

• 07 Jan 09
  

  Asako Yoshida

  community collaboration research collaboratories taxonomy communities_of_practice

• 08 Dec 08
  

  Carlos Vaz

  "Why are scientific collaborations so difficult to sustain?"
  
  O autor apresenta as barreiras para que as CoP não tenham o sucesso esperado.
  
  Artigo de 2007

  ead08-09 comunidade_pratica comunidade de aprendizagem

  • This article describes one of the main products of that review, a seven-category taxonomy of collaboratory types. The types are: Distributed Research Centers, Shared Instruments, Community Data Systems, Open Community Contribution Systems, Virtual Communities of Practice, Virtual Learning Communities, and Community Infrastructure Projects. Each of the types is defined and illustrated with one example, and key technical and organizational issues are identified.
  • our research has highlighted three types of  barriers
  • First, scientific knowledge is difficult to aggregate
  • While information has become very easy to transmit and store over great distances, knowledge is still difficult to transfer (Szulanski, 1992)
  • Scientists generally  enjoy a high degree of independence, both in their day-to-day work practices as  well as in the larger directions of their work.
  • Second, scientists work independently
  • Crossing boundaries between institutions is frequently a greater barrier than  mere distance (Cummings & Kiesler, 2005).
  • The third barrier is the difficulty of cross-institutional work

  • Open Community Contribution System

     

    Definition

     

    An Open Community Contribution System is an open project that  aggregates efforts of many geographically separate individuals toward a common  research problem. It differs from a Community Data System in that contributions  come in the form of work rather than data. It differs from a Distributed  Research Center in that its participant base is more open, often including any  member of the general public who wants to contribute.

  • Virtual Community of Practice

     

    Definition

     

    This collaboratory is a network of individuals who share a research  area and communicate about it online. Virtual Communities may share news of  professional interest, advice, techniques, or pointers to other resources  online. Virtual Communities of Practice are different from Distributed Research  Centers in that they are not focused on actually undertaking joint projects.  The term "community of practice" is taken from Wenger and Lave  (1998).

  • Virtual Learning Community

     

    Definition

     

    This type of project's main goal is to increase the knowledge of  participants but not necessarily to conduct original research. This is usually  formal education, i.e., provided by a degree-granting institution, but can also  be in-service training or professional development.

  • Distributed Research Center

     

    Definition

     

    This collaboratory functions like a university research center but at a  distance. It is an attempt to aggregate scientific talent, effort, and  resources beyond the level of individual researchers. These centers are unified  by a topic area of interest and joint projects in that area. Most of the  communication is human-to-human.

  10 more annotations...

• 21 Nov 08
  

  Stefan Martens

  Mag collaboration communities community collaboratories communities_of_practice classification taxonomy knowledgemanagement research

  • Virtual Community of Practice

     

    Definition

     

    This collaboratory is a network of individuals who share a research  area and communicate about it online. Virtual Communities may share news of  professional interest, advice, techniques, or pointers to other resources  online. Virtual Communities of Practice are different from Distributed Research  Centers in that they are not focused on actually undertaking joint projects.  The term "community of practice" is taken from Wenger and Lave  (1998).

     

    Example

     

    Ocean.US is an electronic meeting place for researchers studying  oceans, with a focus on U.S. coastal waters (Hesse, Sproull, Kiesler, &  Walsh, 1993). The project runs an active set of bulletin boards/email listservs  used to exchange professional information (e.g., job openings), along with some  political and scientific issues. Ocean.US also provides online workspace for  specific projects and develops online support for workshops and distance  education in this field. The project began in 1979 as ScienceNet, providing  subscription-based electronic discussions and other services before email and  Web services were widely available. ScienceNet was shut down in the mid-1990s  when the technology became ubiquitous and the project could no longer be  supported with paid subscriptions. It was re-implemented as a set of web-based  services, and renamed Ocean.US. The service is owned and run by a for-profit  company, Omnet.

     

    Technology Issues

     

    As with Open Community Contributions Systems, the main technology issue  is usability. Successful Communities of Practice tend to make good use of  Internet-standard technologies such as listserv, bulletin boards, and  accessible web technology. A key technology decision for these projects is  whether to emphasize asynchronous technologies such as bulletin boards, or invest  time and energy into synchronous events such as online symposia.
• 07 Jul 08
  

  Jonathan Duke

  collaboration research community

• 09 Jun 08
  

  Jeremy Price

  technology science communities_of_practice collaboration community taxonomy research knowledgemanagement classification

• 06 Jun 08
  

  Mike Wesch

  remixinganthropology collaboration collaboratories taxonomy knowledgemanagement research

• 03 Jun 08
  

  Dani Vaughn-Tucker

  workliteracy

• 02 Jun 08
  

  gsiemens

  toread collaboration

• 23 May 08
  

  gabriela ortizmichel

  a seven-category taxonomy of collaboratory types. The types are: Distributed Research Centers, Shared Instruments, Community Data Systems, Open Community Contribution Systems, Virtual Communities of Practice, Virtual Learning Communities, and Community In

  articulo JCMC knowledgeManagement comunidadesdepractica comunidadesvirtuales dedelicious

• 04 May 08
  

  Claire Fontaine

  knowledgemanagement collaboratories taxonomy community research academia

• 05 Jan 08
  

  Richard Claassens

  classification communication research taxonomy knowledgemanagement community

• 19 Dec 07
  

  Hessu Järvinen

  collaboration community taxonomy classification knowledgemanagement

• 10 Oct 07
  

  petersuter
  • Promoting affiliation between scientists is relatively easy, but creating larger organizational structures is much more difficult, due to traditions of scientific independence, difficulties of sharing implicit knowledge, and formal organizational barriers.
  • Second, scientists work independently. Scientists generally  enjoy a high degree of independence, both in their day-to-day work practices as  well as in the larger directions of their work. Scientific researchers have  greater freedom to pursue high risk/high reward ideas than do individuals in many  other professions. Most practicing scientists would strongly resist controls  that many corporate employees accept as normal, such as having their work  hours, technology choices, and travel schedules dictated by others. The culture  of independence benefits science in many ways, but it also makes it more  difficult to aggregate scientists' labors.
  • Scientific collaborations must work  harder than other organizations to maintain open communication channels, adopt  common toolsets, and keep groups focused on common goals.

  1 more annotation...

• 25 Jun 07
  

  Tero Heiskanen

  Computer Mediated Communication: The Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication
  

  tutkimus

• 27 May 07
  

  Michel Bauwens

  a seven-category taxonomy of collaboratory types. The types are: Distributed Research Centers, Shared Instruments, Community Data Systems, Open Community Contribution Systems, Virtual Communities of Practice, Virtual Learning Communities, and Community In

  P2P-Science P2P-Cooperation P2P

• 01 Apr 07
  

  Seven types of online scientific communities: Distributed Research Centers, Shared Instruments, Community Data Systems, Open Community Contribution Systems, Virtual Communities of Practice, Virtual Learning Communities, & Community Infrastructure Projects

  knowledgemanagement collaboration community communities_of_practice lang:en taxonomy

• 

  Lambert Heller

  Seven types of online scientific communities: Distributed Research Centers, Shared Instruments, Community Data Systems, Open Community Contribution Systems, Virtual Communities of Practice, Virtual Learning Communities, & Community Infrastructure Projects

  knowledgemanagement collaboration community communities_of_practice lang:en taxonomy

• 23 Jan 07
  

  ken .

  some good stuff on group dynamics, peer pressure, diffusion (invisible colleges) - if we can't please all the people should we ever hope to "build" a one size fits all system - or give people platforms (delish :) to work with ordered chaos?

  classification collaboration communication community coordination database knowledge management technology via:rikmaes

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