This link has been bookmarked by 62 people . It was first bookmarked on 05 Feb 2008, by Lori Emerson.
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24 Oct 16
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Louis
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will eventually appear in the media literacy journal, The Journal of Media Literacy, but I am offering this in a rawer, le
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n 200
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The practices and tools that sustain Wikipedia are designed to insure the highest degree of transparency
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23 Oct 16
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The ban had been inspired by one faculty member’s discovery that a large number of his students were making the same factual error
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Access to this participatory culture functions as a new form of the hidden curriculum
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Participatory culture shifts the focus of literacy training from individual expression onto community involvement: the new literacies are almost all social skills which have to do with collaboration and networking.
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Wikipedia taps the power of networked culture by providing hyperlinks where-ever possible; this make it very easy for readers to return to the original source and weigh its evidence for themselves
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22 Oct 16
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educators need to understand what is going on well enough to offer them meaningful advice and guidance.
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He followed up by considering how other people’s edits to his information made him feel part of a community, even though the other editor was anonymous and remote…
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opportunities for peer-to-peer learning
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the diversification of cultural expression, the development of skills valued in the modern workplace, and a more empowered conception of citizenship.
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public stand against students referencing Wikipedia in their research papers
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informal learning which takes place as children interact within the new media landscape
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some of the core social skills and cultural competencies
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new media literacies
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four of the eleven skills
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the act of becoming an editor made feel invested in a topic that he’d otherwise just learned about as an assignment.
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might sit around for decades.
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Just as young people coming of age in a hunting based culture learn by playing with bows and arrows, young people coming of age in an information society learn by playing with information. This playful relationship to learning and knowledge is one of the things that motivates the community’s participation,
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20 Oct 16
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Today’s digital youth are in the process of creating a new kind of literacy; this evolving skill extends beyond the traditions of reading and writing into a community of expression and problem- solving that not only is changing their world but ours, too… In this new media age, the ability to
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belief that these new media literacies need to inform all aspects of the educational curriculum
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he ongoing process by which its community pools information, debates what knowledge matters, and vets competing truth claims.
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19 Oct 16
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The real gap between tomorrow’s digital haves and have-nots will be a lag in competence and confidence in
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more than half of all teens have generated media content and roughly a third of teens online have shared content they produced with others
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today’s educators should help young people to understand competing arguments about the value of Wikipedia
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it nonetheless suffers inevitably from inaccuracies
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wisdom of crowds.”
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accompanying curricular guide
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civic engagement, where there is
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shape their practices as media makers
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participants in this emerging digital culture.
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a clearer picture of the Wikipedia movement
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Much as young people become more critical consumers of media when they have engaged in production activities, young people ask better questions about the nature of scholarship and research when they contribute to Wikipedia.
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we find ourselves in a Talk section where participants weigh in about the contents of the entry,
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hidden curriculum
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“I can’t believe in any of this information. Nothing is believable
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of the Wikipedia project but rather to help young people place Wikipedia in a larger context,
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Wikipedia’s radical openness means that any given article may be, at any given moment, in a bad state:
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18 Oct 16
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some general purposes, extremely useful,
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credibility of online information more generally
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strong support for creating and sharing what you create with others,
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cquiring some of these skills
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redibility of online information
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100 languages
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Wikipedia was a place where people were coming together to write about the world and figure out what’s true about the world and what kinds of facts are important to know about the world.
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develop a more critical perspective
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students follow their curiosity, tap their knowledge, and draw connections between topics that might not seem intuitively linked.
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kinds of opportunities they will enjoy
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17 Oct 16
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negotiate and evaluate information online,
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In many cases, these teens are actively involved in what we are calling participatory cultures. A participatory
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First, the participatory cultures we are describing are ones where teens and adults interact but with less fixed and hierarchical relations than found in formal education. It is a space where youth and adults learn from each other, but it would be wrong to see young people as creating these new institutions and practices totally outside of engagement with adults. Second, the “digital natives”
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there’s still a strong role for adults to play in insuring that young people develop a critical vocabulary for thinking about the place of media in their lives and engage in meaningful reflection about the ethical choices they make as media producers and participants in online communities.
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active participation of collaboration
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access
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skepticism about the kinds of information found on this particular site.
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People already know what an encyclopedia looks like; they start from a shared understanding of the kinds of information it contains, language it deploys, and functions it serves. This familiarity with basic genre conventions allows large numbers of people to roll up their sleeves and starting working and even more people to go to use Wikipedia as a central reference work.
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Educators ask the wrong question when they wonder whether Wikipedia is accurate, because this implies a conception of Wikipedia as a finished product rather than a work in progress
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as a scholarly source
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divide separating the generation that grew up in a world where digital and mobile technologies are commonplace from their parents, teachers, and school administrators for whom many of these technologies still feel alien.
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to recognize manipulation and propaganda and to assimilate ethical values is becoming as basic to education as reading and writing.”
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a changed attitude towards intellectual property
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shaping which kids will succeed and which will be left behind as they enter schools and workplaces.
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analogy implies that these skills are uniformly possessed by all members of this generation;
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In this context,
it is not enough to construct policies restricting the use of Wikipedia as a source if we don’t help foster the skills young people need in order to critically engage with a site which has become so central to their online lives.
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“informed skepticism” rather than a dismissive attitude
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Many of these pages offer compelling case studies that teachers could use to teach the logic through which historians, or other scholarly communities, interprete, evaluate, and contextualize the information they gather.
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make way for the next user
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13 Mar 16
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A participatory culture is one where there are relatively low barriers to artistic expression and civic engagement, where there is strong support for creating and sharing what you create with others, where there is some kind of informal mentorship whereby what is known by the most experienced gets passed along to newbies and novices, where members feel that their contributions matter, where members feel some degree of social connection with each other at least to the degree to which they care what other people think about what they have created.
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Access to this participatory culture functions as a new form of the hidden curriculum, shaping which kids will succeed and which will be left behind as they enter schools and workplaces.
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that analogy breaks down for us on several levels.
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fixed and hierarchical relations
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implies that these skills are uniformly possessed by all members of this generation
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new media literacies — a set of cultural competencies and social skills which young people need as they confront the new media landscape
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the new literacies are almost all social skills which have to do with collaboration and networking
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Collective Intelligence — the ability to pool knowledge and compare notes with others towards a common goal.
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Judgment — the ability to evaluate the reliability and credibility of different information source.
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Networking — the ability to search for, synthesize and disseminate information.
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Negotiation — the ability to travel across diverse communities, discerning and respecting multiple perspectives, and grasping and following alternative sets of norms.
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“I can’t believe in any of this information. Nothing is believable.” This cynical perspective is the antithesis of what the educational experience strives to foster.
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“informed skepticism”
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The community has taken on responsibility to protect the integrity and accuracy of its contents
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This playful relationship to learning and knowledge is one of the things that motivates the community’s participation
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The participation gap is shaped by uneven access to technologies but also by unequal access to formative experiences and thus unequal opportunities to acquire the social skills and cultural competencies we are calling the new media literacies
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26 Oct 15
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its history department took a public stand against students referencing Wikipedia in their research papers
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leading journalists and scholars weighed in on the perceived merits of the Wikipedia and on the credibility of online information more generally
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In this new media age, the ability to negotiate and evaluate information online, to recognize manipulation and propaganda and to assimilate ethical values is becoming as basic to education as reading and writing.”
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As it happens, we are just now completing a documentary about the Wikipedia movement and an accompanying curricular guide.
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Students were told not to use Wikipedia as a scholarly source
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a changed attitude towards intellectual property
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emerging ethical standards which should shape their practices as media makers and participants in online communities.
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developing a deeper understanding of the process by which the its information is being produced and consumed. Wikipedians would push us further, arguing that we also should develop a more critical perspective on other, more traditional sources of information. If McHenry is correct that most people don’t know how conventional encyclopedias achieve reliability, that should be an indictment of how our schools teach research skills, not an excuse to blindly accept Britanica.
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The practices around Wikipedia preserve traces of the disputes and disagreements that typically go on behind the scenes through the editorial processes that shape traditional reference works
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25 Oct 15
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homework assignments and research projects
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the current generation of young learners often exploits digital tools to copy and paste information
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next five years
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engagement with adults.
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“Imagine a world in which every single person on the planet is given free access to the sum of all human knowledge. That’s what we’re doing.”
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The good news is that Wikipedia provides a series of tools that help us to trace and monitor the process by which an entry is taking shape.
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Today’s digital youth are in the process of creating a new kind of literacy; this evolving skill extends beyond the traditions of reading and writing into a community of expression and problem- solving that not only is changing their world but ours, too… In this new media age, the ability to negotiate and evaluate information online, to recognize manipulation and propaganda and to assimilate ethical values is becoming as basic to education as reading and writing.”
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If these skills are going to reach every American young people, it is going to require the active participation of collaboration of all of those individuals and institutions who impact young people’s moral, intellectual, social, and cultural development.
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The participation gap is shaped by uneven access to technologies but also by unequal access to formative experiences and thus unequal opportunities to acquire the social skills and cultural competencies we are calling the new media literacies. Participation in these online communities constitutes a new hidden curriculum which shapes how young people perform in school and impacts the kinds of opportunities they will enjoy in the future.
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24 Oct 15
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Students were asked to take responsibility for the reliability and credibility of the information they used in their papers
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Educators need to work together to insure that every American young person has access to the skills and experiences needed to become a full participant,
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In this context,
it is not enough to construct policies restricting the use of Wikipedia as a source if we don’t help foster the skills young people need in order to critically engage with a site which has become so central to their online lives.
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“Wikipedia is transparent in its goals and rules, explicitly listing its policies and guidelines. As far as I know, other encyclopedias offer no such reflexivity as to what they are, how they work, and what type of content and form they follow. As an educator, transparency provides an excellent teaching opportunity to get students to reflect on sources and their usage.”
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23 Oct 15
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new media landscape and how we might draw on the best practices that emerge from these new
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educators need to adopted an “informed skepticism” rather than a dismissive attitude
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Wikipedia taps the power of networked culture by providing hyperlinks where-ever possible;
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22 Oct 15
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a set of cultural competencies and social skills which young people need as they confront the new media landscape
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21 Oct 15
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Students were told not to use Wikipedia as a scholarly source.
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“wisdom of crowds.”
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they represent a paradigm shift in how we teach English, social science, science, math, and the other schoolroom subjects.
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-
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here’s still a strong role for adults to play in insuring that young people develop a critical vocabulary for thinking about the place of media in their lives and engage in meaningful reflection about the ethical choices they make as media producers and participants in online communities.
-
Educators ask the wrong question when they wonder whether Wikipedia is accurate, because this implies a conception of Wikipedia as a finished product rather than a work in progress.
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20 Oct 15
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emblematic of the divide separating the generation
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e core social skills and cultural competencies that young people need to acquire if they are going to be full participants
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Access to this participatory culture functions as a new form of the hidden curriculum, shaping which kids will succeed and which will be left behind as they enter schools and workplaces.
-
teens and adults interact but with less fixed and hierarchical relations than found in formal education
-
a growing participation gap
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the need for schools and afterschool programs to foster what we are calling the new media literacies
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The typical user doesn’t know how conventional encyclopedias achieve reliability, only that they do
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empowers students to take seriously
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19 Oct 15
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“Whereas Wikipedia is extraordinarily convenient and, for some general purposes, extremely useful, it nonetheless suffers inevitably from inaccuracies deriving in large measure from its unique manner of compilation.”
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parti
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A participatory culture is one where there are relatively low barriers to artistic expression and civic engagement, where there is strong support for creating and sharing what you create with others, where there is some kind of informal mentorship whereby what is known by the most experienced gets passed along to newbies and novices, where members feel that their contributions matter, where members feel some degree of social connection with each other at least to the degree to which they care what other people think about what they have created.
-
Wikipedia was a place where people were coming together to write about the world and figure out what’s true about the world and what kinds of facts are important to know about the world. These are the kinds of things I think students should be doing.”
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06 Jan 15
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27 Oct 14
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It is a space where youth and adults learn from each other, but it would be wrong to see young people as creating these new institutions and practices totally outside of engagement with adults.
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Wikipedia empowers students to take seriously what they have learned in other classes, to see their own research as having potential value in a larger enterprise, and to take greater responsibility over the accuracy of what they have produced.
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26 Oct 14
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Rebellion in 17th century Japan) which could be traced back to a bit of misinformation f
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Not all of these skills are dramatically new — they are extensions on or elaborations of aspects of traditional research methods, text-based literacies, and critical analysis that have long been valued within formal education.
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In some cases, these new technologies have enabled shifts in how we as a society produced, dissect, and circulate information.
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Wikipedia was a place where people were coming together to write about the world and figure out what’s true about the world and what kinds of facts are important to know about the world. These are the kinds of things I think students should be doing.”
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Mittell’s blog documents some of the teachable moments as his students tried their hands at producing their own Wikipedia entires:
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Like journalism, Wikipedia offers a first draft of history, but unlike journalism’s draft, that history is subject to continuous revision.
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history department took a public stand against students referencing Wikipedia in their research papers
-
Students were asked to take responsibility for the reliability and credibility of the information they used in their papers
-
Wikipedia debate has also become emblematic of the divide separating the generation that grew up in a world where digital and mobile technologies are commonplace from their parents, teachers, and school administrators for whom many of these technologies still feel alien
-
relatively low barriers to artistic expression and civic engagement
-
A participatory culture
-
strong support for creating and sharing what you create with others
-
some kind of informal mentorship whereby what is known by the most experienced gets passed along to newbies and novices
-
members feel some degree of social connection with each other at least to the degree to which they care what other people think about what they have created
-
peer-to-peer learning
-
there’s still a strong role for adults to play in insuring that young people develop a critical vocabulary for thinking about the place of media in their lives and engage in meaningful reflection about the ethical choices they make as media producers and participants in online communities
-
every American young person
-
access to the skills and experiences needed to become a full participant
-
ability to articulate their understanding of the way that media shapes our perceptions of the world
-
socialized into the emerging ethical standards which should shape their practices as media makers and participants in online communities
-
Judgment — the ability to evaluate the reliability and credibility of different information source
-
Negotiation — the ability to travel across diverse communities, discerning and respecting multiple perspectives, and grasping and following alternative sets of norms
-
appropriate level of skepticism about the kinds of information found on this particular site
-
“Imagine a world in which every single person on the planet is given free access to the sum of all human knowledge
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Wikipedia has benefited enormously from its use of the encyclopedia analogy
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The typical user doesn’t know how conventional encyclopedias achieve reliability, only that they do.”
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Wikipedia is transparent in its goals and rules, explicitly listing its policies and guidelines
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choosing to edit an entry on a Columbian volcano that he’d previously written a research paper about
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It is our belief that these new media literacies need to inform all aspects of the educational curriculum; they represent a paradigm shift in how we teach English, social science, science, math, and the other schoolroom subjects.
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“encyclopedia”. This is a word that carries a powerful connotation of reliability.
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it could have been recently vandalized.
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young learners often exploits digital tools to copy and paste information, sometimes getting confused about where any fact came from, or blurring the lines between their own insights and those from secondary sources.
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24 Oct 14
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In this new media age, the ability to negotiate and evaluate information online, to recognize manipulation and propaganda and to assimilate ethical values is becoming as basic to education as reading and writing.”
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Wikipedia is certainly more subject to subtle vandalism than a typical reference work
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22 Oct 14
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students shouldn’t be citing encyclopedias. I would hope they wouldn’t be citing Encyclopaedia Britannica, either.
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where members feel that their contributions matter
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If McHenry is correct that most people don’t know how conventional encyclopedias achieve reliability, that should be an indictment of how our schools teach research skills, not an excuse to blindly accept Britanica.
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18 Jul 13
Chris SchusterHenry Jenkins
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03 Feb 13
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14 Aug 12
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06 Jul 12
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Collective Intelligence
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Judgment
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Networkin
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Negotiation
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like a collection of articles
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a collection of people
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excellent teaching opportunity to get students to reflect on sources and their usage.
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Educators ask the wrong question when they wonder whether Wikipedia is accurate, because this implies a conception of Wikipedia as a finished product rather than a work in progress
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who can find the quickest pathway between two seemingly unrelated concepts
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So, at the most basic level, a media literacy practice around Wikipedia needs to focus attention on the basic affordances of the site, so that students are encouraged to move beyond the top level and see what's going on underneath the hood.
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09 Apr 10
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15 Feb 10
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"The real gap between tomorrow's digital haves and have-nots will be a lag in competence and confidence in the fast-paced variegated digital universe building and breeding outside schoolhouse walls.... Today's digital youth are in the process of creating a new kind of literacy; this evolving skill extends beyond the traditions of reading and writing into a community of expression and problem- solving that not only is changing their world but ours, too... In this new media age, the ability to negotiate and evaluate information online, to recognize manipulation and propaganda and to assimilate ethical values is becoming as basic to education as reading and writing."
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According to a recent study from the Pew Center for Internet & American Life, more than half of all teens have generated media content and roughly a third of teens online have shared content they produced with others. In many cases, these teens are actively involved in what we are calling participatory cultures. A participatory culture is one where there are relatively low barriers to artistic expression and civic engagement, where there is strong support for creating and sharing what you create with others, where there is some kind of informal mentorship whereby what is known by the most experienced gets passed along to newbies and novices, where members feel that their contributions matter, where members feel some degree of social connection with each other at least to the degree to which they care what other people think about what they have created.
-
Not all of these skills are dramatically new -- they are extensions on or elaborations of aspects of traditional research methods, text-based literacies, and critical analysis that have long been valued within formal education. In some cases, these skills have taken on new importance as young people move into emerging media institutions and practices. In some cases, these new technologies have enabled shifts in how we as a society produced, dissect, and circulate information.
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1. The Participation Gap -- the unequal access of youths to the opportunities, experiences, skills, and knowledge which will prepare them for full participation in the world of tomorrow.
2. The Transparency Problem -- The challenges young people face in learning to see clearly the ways that media shapes our perceptions of the world.
3. The Ethics Challenge -- The breakdown of traditional forms of professional training and socialization which might prepare young people for their increasingly public roles as media makers and community participants.
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Collective Intelligence -- the ability to pool knowledge and compare notes with others towards a common goal.
Judgment -- the ability to evaluate the reliability and credibility of different information source.
Networking -- the ability to search for, synthesize and disseminate information.
Negotiation -- the ability to travel across diverse communities, discerning and respecting multiple perspectives, and grasping and following alternative sets of norms.
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Wikipedian Kevin Driscoll has proposed a game, much like the popular "Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon," where students challenge each other to see who can find the quickest pathway between two seemingly unrelated concepts. So, for example, we might ask whether one could trace the connection between William Shakespeare and the Apollo Space Program in five or fewer links: We could go from William Shakespeare to his play, The Tempest (move one), from The Tempest to the science fiction film, Forbidden Planet, which was losely based on Shakespeare's plot (move two); from Forbidden Planet to the larger category of Science Fiction Cinema (move three); from Science Fiction Cinema to La Voyage Dans La Moon, one of the earliest science fiction films (move four); and from La Voyage Dans La Moon to the Apollo Moon Mission (Move five). This trajectory takes us between high and low culture, across the divides between science and the humanities, across several periods of human history. and across three national borders.
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29 Dec 08
Elaine Tay-UniHenry Jenkins recommends that "educators need to adopted an 'informed skepticism' rather than a dismissive attitude" towards Wikipedia and gives examples of using Wikipedia in learning and teaching.
wikipedia e-learning internetstudies net102 net101 for:public imported
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27 Mar 08
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05 Mar 08
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n Fall 2006, Vermont's Middlebury College found itself the center of a national controversy when its history department took a public stand against students referencing Wikipedia in their research papers.
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The ban had been inspired by one faculty member's discovery that a large number of his students were making the same factual error (
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which could be traced back to a bit of misinformation found in one entry of the online encyclopedia.
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suffers inevitably from inaccuracies deriving in large measure from its unique manner of compilation." Students were asked to take responsibility for the reliability and credibility of the information they used in their papers; Students were told not to use Wikipedia as a scholarly source. -
Jimmy Wales, the co-founder of Wikipedia, publicly supported the Middlebury History Department's decision:
"Basically, they are recommending exactly what we suggested -- students shouldn't be citing encyclopedias. I would hope they wouldn't be citing Encyclopaedia Britannica, either. -
They might as well say don't listen to rock'n'roll either.
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Wales's analogy between Wikipedia and "Rock'n'Roll" suggests that the Wikipedia debate has also become emblematic of the divide separating the generation that grew up in a world where digital and mobile technologies are commonplace from their parents, teachers, and school administrators for whom many of these technologies still feel alien.
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As Jonathan Fanton, president of the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, wrote in an op-ed piece published on the eve of this conference,
"The real gap between tomorrow's digital haves and have-nots will be a lag in competence and confidence in the fast-paced variegated digital universe building and breeding outside schoolhouse walls.... Today's digital youth are in the process of creating a new kind of literacy; this evolving skill extends beyond the traditions of reading and writing into a community of expression and problem- solving that not only is changing their world but ours, too... In this new media age, the ability to negotiate and evaluate information online, to recognize manipulation and propaganda and to assimilate ethical values is becoming as basic to education as reading and writing."
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And I am the principle investigator for Project nml, a MacArthur funded effort to develop resources to support the teaching of these skills through in school and after school programs. As it happens, we are just now completing a documentary about the Wikipedia movement and an accompanying curricular guide. This documentary is one of a number of short films produced for online distribution through the Project nml exemplar library.
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While some have a
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Second, the "digital natives" analogy implies that these skills are uniformly possessed by all members of this generation; instead, young people have unequal access to the technologies and cultural practices out of which these skills are emerging and so we are facing a growing participation gap in terms of familiarity with basic tools or core cultural competencies.
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26 Feb 08
Hrobjartur ArnasonAn article on collaboarative writing in Wikipedia, and what one can learn from it about new ways of writing and reading
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08 Feb 08
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07 Feb 08
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Howard Rheingolda strong role for adults to play insuring young people develop critical vocabulary 4 thinking abt place of media in their lives & engage in meaningful reflection about ethical choices they make as media producers & participants in online communities.
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The real gap between tomorrow's digital haves and have-nots will be a lag in competence and confidence in the fast-paced variegated digital universe building and breeding outside schoolhouse walls.... Today's digital youth are in the process of creating a new kind of literacy; this evolving skill extends beyond the traditions of reading and writing into a community of expression and problem- solving that not only is changing their world but ours, too... In this new media age, the ability to negotiate and evaluate information online, to recognize manipulation and propaganda and to assimilate ethical values is becoming as basic to education as reading and writing.
-
A growing body of scholarship suggests potential benefits of these emergent forms of participatory culture, including opportunities for peer-to-peer learning, a changed attitude towards intellectual property, the diversification of cultural expression, the development of skills valued in the modern workplace, and a more empowered conception of citizenship. Access to this participatory culture functions as a new form of the hidden curriculum, shaping which kids will succeed and which will be left behind as they enter schools and workplaces.
-
Even if we see young people as acquiring some of these skills on their own, outside of formal educational institutions, there's still a strong role for adults to play in insuring that young people develop a critical vocabulary for thinking about the place of media in their lives and engage in meaningful reflection about the ethical choices they make as media producers and participants in online communities.
-
Our initial report raised three core concerns, which suggest the need for policy and pedagogical interventions:
1. The Participation Gap -- the unequal access of youths to the opportunities, experiences, skills, and knowledge which will prepare them for full participation in the world of tomorrow.
2. The Transparency Problem -- The challenges young people face in learning to see clearly the ways that media shapes our perceptions of the world.
3. The Ethics Challenge -- The breakdown of traditional forms of professional training and socialization which might prepare young people for their increasingly public roles as media makers and community participants.
-
This context places new emphasis on the need for schools and afterschool programs to foster what we are calling the new media literacies -- a set of cultural competencies and social skills which young people need as they confront the new media landscape. Participatory culture shifts the focus of literacy training from individual expression onto community involvement: the new literacies are almost all social skills which have to do with collaboration and networking.Just as earlier efforts at media literacy wanted to help young people to understand their roles as media consumers and producers, we want to help young people better understand their roles as participants in this emerging digital culture.
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In the discussion of Wikipedia that follows, I am going to be emphasizing four of the eleven skills we identify in our report:
Collective Intelligence -- the ability to pool knowledge and compare notes with others towards a common goal.
Judgment -- the ability to evaluate the reliability and credibility of different information source.
Networking -- the ability to search for, synthesize and disseminate information.
Negotiation -- the ability to travel across diverse communities, discerning and respecting multiple perspectives, and grasping and following alternative sets of norms.
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05 Feb 08
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