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12 Mar 14
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341–270 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher as well as the founder of the school of philosophy called Epicureanism
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a few fragments and letters of Epicurus's 300 written works remain. M
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derives from later followers and commentator
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pleasure and pain are the measures of what is good and evil
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death is the end of both body and soul and should therefore not be feared; the gods neither reward nor punish humans; the universe is infinite and eternal; and events in the world are ultimately based on the motions and interactions of atom
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, he studied philosophy for four years under the Platonist teacher Pamphilu
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he went to Athens for his two-year term of military ser
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studied under Nausiphanes, who followed the teachings of Democritus. In
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Athens in 306 BC where he remained until his de
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The Garden (κῆπος), a school named for the garden he owned that served as the school's meeting place
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earlier thinkers, especially by Democritus, he differed in a significant way with Democritus on det
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Epicurus never married and had no known children. He was mostly likely a vegetari
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have written this letter to you on a happy day to me, which is also the last day of my life.
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cheerfulness of my mind, which comes from the recollection of all my philosophical contemplation, counterbalances all these afflictio
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f his house and thus called "The Garde
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is school was the first of the ancient Greek philosophical schools to admit women as a rule rather than an exceptio
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tranger, here you will do well to tarry; here our highest good is pleasure.
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friendship as an important ingredient of hap
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through direct observation and logical deductio
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development of science and scientific methodology because of his insistence that nothing should be believe
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he Ethic of Reciprocity as the foundation of ethics is the earliest in Ancient Greec
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inimization of harm to oneself and others as the way to maximize happine
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n atomist, believing that the fundamental constituents of the world were indivisible little bits of matter (atoms
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hing that occurs is the result of the atoms colliding, rebounding, and becoming entangled with one another, with no purpose or plan behind their motions.
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flying through empty space (kenos). E
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motion may occasionally exhibit a 'swerve' (clinamen)
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to affirm free wi
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break from the god-fearing and god-worshiping tradition common at the tim
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, but taught that one should avoid holding false opinions about the god
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e gods do not punish the bad and reward the good as the common man believe
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the gods, in reality, do not concern themselves at all with human being
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t all good and bad derive from the sensations of what he defined as pleasure and pain: What is good is what is pleasurable, and what is bad is what is painf
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, the basis for the moral distinction between good and evil.
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s only because it leads to a greater pleasure
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advocate the rampant pursuit of pleasure, his teachings were more about striving for an absence of pain and suffering, both physical and mental,
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f satiation and tranquility that was free of the fear of death and the retribution of the god
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we do not suffer pain, we are no longer in need of pleasure, and we enter a state of ataraxia, "tranquility of soul" or
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against pursuing love too ardentl
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explicitly warned against overindulgence because it often leads to pain
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at death was not to be feared.
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herefore, as Epicurus famously said, "death is nothing to us
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Non fui, fui, non sum, non curo (I was not; I was; I am not; I do not care) –
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ctrine arose the Epicurean epitaph
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minimizing harm and maximizing happiness of oneself and othe
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The "Epicurean paradox" is a version of the problem of evil. It
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resonated and resurfaced in various diverse thinkers and movemen
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philosophy of Margaret Cavendish were influenced by Epicurus
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democratic thinkers of the French Revolution, and others, like John Locke, who wrote that people had a right to "life, liberty, and property
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minimizing harm and maximizing happiness i
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, one's own body was part of their property, and thus one's right to property would theoretically guarantee safety
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well as the egalitarianism of Epicurus, was carried forward into the American freedom movement and Declaration of Independence, by
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Jefferson considered himself an Epicurean
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David Hume uses Epicurus as a character for explaining the impossibility of our knowing God to be any greater or better than his creation proves him to b
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Epicurus free will was caused directly by cha
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rt human freedom as coming from a fundamental indeterminism in the motion of atoms.
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Lucretius appears to suggest this in the best-known passage on Epicurus' positio
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"some things happen of necessity, others by chance, others through our own agency."
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t source of inspiration and interest for both Arthur Schopenhauer, h
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Friedrich Nietzsche. Nietzsche cites his affinities to Epicurus
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maintain a cheerful philosophical outlook in the face of painful physical ailments.
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are three letter
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his thirty-seven volume treatise On Nature have been found amon
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picurus and his followers are criticized for supporting a materialisti
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23 Dec 13
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10 Sep 13
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ataraxia—peace and freedom from fear
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Epicurean doctor Asclepiades of Bithynia, who was the first physician who introduced Greek medicine in Rome.
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When we exist, death is not; and when death exists, we are not.
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Epicurean epitaph: Non fui, fui, non sum, non curo (I was not; I was; I am not; I do not care)
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Is God willing to prevent evil, but not able?
Then he is not omnipotent.
Is he able, but not willing?
Then he is malevolent.
Is he both able and willing?
Then whence cometh evil?
Is he neither able nor willing?
Then why call him God? -
Epicurus didn’t deny the existence of gods. Instead, he stated that what gods there may be, do not concern themselves with us, and thus would not seek to punish us either in this or any other life.
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Flavius Philostratus Vita Apollonii 8.28.12, meaning "live in obscurity", "get through life without drawing attention to yourself", i. e. live without pursuing glory or wealth or power, but anonymously, enjoying little things like food, the company of friends, etc.
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07 May 13
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21 Mar 13
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04 Jan 13
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The gods do not punish the bad and reward the good as the common man believes
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31 Oct 12
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12 Oct 12
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He taught that pleasure and pain are the measures of what is good and evil; death is the end of both body and soul and should therefore not be feared; the gods do not reward or punish humans; the universe is infinite and eternal; and events in the world are ultimately based on the motions and interactions of atoms moving in empty space.
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06 Jun 12
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For Epicurus, the purpose of philosophy was to attain the happy, tranquil life, characterized by ataraxia—peace and freedom from fear—and aponia—the absence of pain—and by living a self-sufficient life surrounded by friends. He taught that pleasure and pain are the measures of what is good and evil, that death is the end of the body and the soul and should therefore not be feared, that the gods do not reward or punish humans, that the universe is infinite and eternal, and that events in the world are ultimately based on the motions and interactions of atoms moving in empty space.
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20 Feb 12
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18 May 11
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17 May 11
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19 Feb 11
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13 Feb 11
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16 Dec 10
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Epicurus (/ˌɛpɪˈkjʊərəs/ or /ˌɛpɪˈkjɔːrəs/;[1] Ancient Greek: Ἐπίκουρος, Epíkouros, "ally, comrade"; 341 BC – 270 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher as well as the founder of the school of philosophy called Epicureanism. Only a few fragments and letters of Epicurus's 300 written works remain. Much of what is known about Epicurean philosophy derives from later followers and commentators.
For Epicurus, the purpose of philosophy was to attain the happy, tranquil life, characterized by ataraxia—peace and freedom from fear—and aponia—the absence of pain—and by living a self-sufficient life surrounded by friends. He taught that pleasure and pain are the measures of what is good and evil; death is the end of both body and soul and should therefore not be feared; the gods do not reward or punish humans; the universe is infinite and eternal; and events in the world are ultimately based on the motions and interactions of atoms moving in empty space.
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s teachings were more about striving for an absence of pain and suffering, both physical and mental, and a state of satiation and tranquility that was free of the fear of death and the retribution of the gods.
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on the theory that all good and bad derive from the sensations of pleasure and pain. What is good is what is pleasurable, and what is bad is what is painful. Pleasure and pain were ultimately, for Epicurus, the basis for the moral distinction
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e friendly, sympathetic, pleasing and painless treatment of patients.
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s explicitly warned against overindulgence b
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that death was not to be feared. When a man dies, he does not feel the pain o
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"Epicurean paradox" is a version of the problem of evil
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“Is God willing to prevent evil, but not able? Then he is not omnipotent. Is he able, but not willing? Then he is malevolent. Is he both able and willing? Then whence cometh evil? Is he neither able nor willing? Then why call him God?”[12]
This argument was a type favoured by the ancient Greek skeptics, and may have been wrongly attributed to Epicurus by Lactantius, who, from his Christian perspective, regarded
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Epicurus as an atheist
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Epicurus didn’t deny the existence of gods. Instead, he stated that what gods there may be do not concern themselves with us, and thus would not seek to punish us either in this or any other life.[16]
Epicurus emphasized the senses in his epistemology, and his Principle of Multiple Explanations ("if several theories are consistent with the observed data, retain them all") is an early contribution to the philosophy of science.
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contrast to the Stoics, Epicureans showed little interest in participating in the politics of the day, si
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ater picked up by the democratic thinkers of the French Revolution, and others, like John Locke, who wrote that people had a right to "life, liberty, and property."[citation need
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mphasis minimizing harm and maximizing happiness in his formulation of the Ethic of Reciprocit
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s triad, as well as the egalitarianism of Epicurus, was carried forward into the American freedom movement and Declaration of Independence, by the American founding father, Thomas Jefferson, as "all men are created equal" an
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"inalienable rights such as life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness." Jeffe
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Epicurus was first to assert human freedom as coming from a fundamental indeterminism in the motion of ato
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icurus free will was caused directly by chance
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ficant source of inspiration and interest for both Arthur Schopenhauer, having particular influence on the famous pessimist's views on suffering and death, as we
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to maintain a cheerful philosophical outlook in the face of painful physical ailments
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12 Jun 10
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15 May 10
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Epicurus (Greek: Ἐπίκουρος, Epikouros, "ally, comrade"; Samos, 341 BCE – Athens, 270 BCE; 72 years) was an ancient Greek philosopher and the founder of the school of philosophy called Epicureanism. Only a few fragments and letters remain of Epicurus's 300 written works. Much of what is known about Epicurean philosophy derives from later followers and commentators.
For Epicurus, the purpose of philosophy was to attain the happy, tranquil life, characterized by ataraxia, peace and freedom from fear, and "aponia", the absence of pain, and by living a self-sufficient life surrounded by friends. He taught that pleasure and pain are the measures of what is good and evil, that death is the end of the body and the soul and should therefore not be feared, that the gods do not reward or punish humans, that the universe is infinite and eternal, and that events in the world are ultimately based on the motions and interactions of atoms moving in empty space.
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11 Sep 09
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14 Aug 08
evgeny yauhenioEpicurus (Greek Έπίκουρος) (341 BCE, Samos – 270 BCE, Athens) was an ancient Greek philosopher and the founder of the school of philosophy called Epicureanism. Only a few fragments and letters remain of Epicurus's 300 written works. Much of what we know about Epicurean philosophy derives from later followers and commentators.
For Epicurus, the purpose of philosophy was to attain the happy, tranquil life, characterized by aponia, the absence of pain and fear, and by living a self-sufficient life surrounded by friends. He taught that pleasure and pain are the measures of what is good and bad, that death is the end of the body and the soul and should therefore not be feared, that the gods do not reward or punish humans, that the universe is infinite and eternal, and that events in the world are ultimately based on the motions and interactions of atoms moving in empty space.
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/For all good and evil consists in sensation, but death is deprivation of sensation…So death, the most terrifying of all ills, is nothing to us, since so long as we exist, death is not with us, but when death comes, then we do not exist. It does not then concern either the living, or the dead, since the former it is not, and the latter are no more. (Epicurus, “Letter to Menoeceus”) ///// -
01 May 08
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purpose of philosophy was to attain the happy, tranquil life, characterized by aponia, the absence of pain and fear, and by living a self-sufficient life surrounded by friends
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pleasure and pain are the measures of what is good and bad
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death is the end of the body and the soul and should therefore not be feared
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the gods do not reward or punish humans
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events in the world are ultimately based on the motions and interactions of atoms moving in empty space
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the universe is infinite and eternal
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09 Sep 07
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03 Jan 07
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