This link has been bookmarked by 88 people . It was first bookmarked on 10 Apr 2007, by michelemmartin.
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09 Jul 19
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10 Mar 17
cmmarquaEmerging Digital Tools to Support Reflection in Learner-Centered Portfolios
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19 Oct 16
claude lord"“STORIES DEFINE:
Who we are.
Where we have come from.
Where we are going. . . and
What we care about!
Stories give life!”
-- Dana Atchley" -
04 Nov 15
Heather FeuerhelmStorytelling portfolio how and why; includes great charts about AFL and Deep Learning vs. Surface Learning
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20 Mar 15
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28 Feb 15
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This paper will discuss the concepts of "Electronic Portfolios as Digital Stories of Deep Learning" and "Digital Storytelling as Reflective Portfolio" by linking two dynamic processes to promote deep learning: Portfolio Development and Digital Storytelling.
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challenge
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o maintain learner intrinisic motivation to willingly engage
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multimedia tools is one strategy that involves and engages learners
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blogs
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issues that are turning learners off
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wikis
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Philosophical and Assessment Issues with portfolios in education
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digital stories of deep learning (a constructivist model--the learning or process portfolio)
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assessment tools to document the attainment of standards (a positivist model--the assessment portfolio)
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often at odds, philosophically,
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digital resumes to highlight competence (a showcase model-- the best works/marketing/employment portfolio)
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administrators often implement electronic portfolios for the assessment purpose, the students usually view this type of portfolio as something "done to them" rather than something they WANT to maintain as a lifelong learning tool
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Barton and Collins (1993) stated, “the first and most significant act of portfolio preparation is the decision of the purposes for the portfolio” (p. 203).
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I am concerned that in the name of assessment, we are losing a powerful tool to support deep learning
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Portfolios should support an environment of reflection and collaboration.
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d my CD to
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major issue faced by educators is the differing perceptions about portfolios and their use in education
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One respondent in Anderson and DeMuelle's (1998) survey of portfolios in Teacher Education asked, “How can a portfolio truly capture the individuality of the learner and still be used as a ‘high stakes’ assessment?”
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Placier, Fitzgerald, and Hall (2000) reported on
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the "politics" of portfolios in teacher education and issues of using portfolios for high-stakes assessment:
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When people in power (i.e., the state, a teacher education faculty) impose a cultural tool, less powerful agents (preservice teachers) may master the tool but use it with reluctance or in subversive ways, or resist its use altogether.
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There is a rich legacy in the K-12 portfolio literature and much can be learned from the literature on paper-based portfolios. As adult learners, we have much to learn from how children approach portfolios.
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(read from bottom to top in order of maturity)
Child-organized portfolio
Teacher-and-child-organized portfolio
Progress portfolio
Showcase portfolio or achievement portfolio
Teacher-organized portfolio or curriculum portfolio
Collection of child’s work
Folder of child’s work -
The contrast between these two approaches is startling. Hebert's levels are learner-centered. The perspective really showcases the differences between using the portfolio as assessment of learning (the California Lutheran model) and using portfolios as assessment for learning.
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Assessment of Learning - Assessment for Learning
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distinction in types of assessment is elaborated by Rick Stiggins (2002) i
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the use of portfolios in high stakes assessment of learning is problematic, but the use of portfolios in formative assessment (for instruction) and assessment for learning is powerful.
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research being conducted in Britain (Black & Wiliam, 1998) on Assessment FOR Learning provides firm evidence that "formative assessment is an essential component of classroom work and that its development can raise standards of achievement" more effectively than any other strategy.
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underpinned by theory from the psychology of learning and studies of learning motivation. The Assessment Reform Group provides this definition:
Assessment for Learning is the process of seeking and interpreting evidence for use by learners and their teachers to decide where the learners are in their learning, where they need to go and how best to get there.
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- AFL should be part of effective planning of teaching and learning
- AFL should focus on how students learn
- AFL should be recognized as central to classroom practice
- AFL should be regarded as a key professional skill for teachers
- AFL should be sensitive and constructive because any assessment has an emotional impact
- AFL should take account of the importance of (and foster) learner motivation
- AFL should promote commitment to learning goals and a shared understanding of the criteria by which they are assessed
- AFL develops learners’ capacity for self-assessment so that they can become reflective and self-managing
- AFL should recognize the full range of achievements of all learners
- Learners should receive constructive guidance about how to improve
ten research-based principles of Assessment for Learning (AFL) to guide classroom practice:
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comparison of these two key assessment purposes, based on work done in Britain (see www.assessment-reform-group.org.uk):
Assessment of Learning Assessment for Learning Checks what has been learned to date Checks learning to decide what to do next Is designed for those not directly involved in daily learning and teaching Is designed to assist teachers and students. Is presented in a formal report Is used in conversation about learning Usually gathers information into easily digestible numbers, scores and grades Usually detailed, specific and descriptive feedback in words (instead of numbers, scores and grades) Usually compares the student's learning with either other students or the 'standard' for a grade level Usually focused on improvement, compared with the student's 'previous best' and progress toward a standard Does not need to involve the student Needs to involve the student -- the person most able to improve learning -
Anne Davies, "Assessment for learning is ongoing, and requires deep involvement on the part of the learner in clarifying outcomes, monitoring on-going learning, collecting evidence and presenting evidence of learning to others
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- learners are involved so a shared language and understanding of learning is developed,
- learners self-assess and receive specific, descriptive feedback about the learning during the learning,
- learners collect, organize, and communicate evidence of their learning with others,
- instruction is adjusted in response to ongoing assessment information, and
- a safe learning environment invites risk taking, encourages learning from mistakes, enables focused goal setting, and supports thoughtful learning.
five key characteristics:
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To be effectively used to support assessment for learning, electronic portfolios need to support the learner's ongoing learning. Here is my comparison of electronic portfolios used as assessment of learning with those that support assessment for learning:
Portfolios used for Assessment of Learning Portfolios that support Assessment for Learning Purpose of portfolio prescribed by institution Purpose of portfolio agreed upon with learner Artifacts mandated by institution to determine outcomes of instruction Artifacts selected by learner to tell the story of their learning Portfolio usually developed at the end of a class, term or program - time limited Portfolio maintained on an ongoing basis throughout the class, term or program - time flexible Portfolio and/or artifacts usually "scored" based on a rubric and quantitative data is collected for external audiences Portfolio and artifacts reviewed with learner and used to provide feedback to improve learning Portfolio is usually structured around a set of outcomes, goals or standards Portfolio organization is determined by learner or negotiated with mentor/advisor/teacher Sometimes used to make high stakes decisions Rarely used for high stakes decisions Summative - what has been learned to date? (Past to present) Formative - what are the learning needs in the future? (Present to future) Requires Extrinsic motivation Fosters Intrinsic motivation - engages the learner Audience: external - little choice Audience: learner, family, friends - learner can choose -
Portfolio as Story
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If we are to help learners create portfolios that truly support assessment for learning and follow the ten AFL principles, then we need to look at strategies that help the learner tell a story of their own learning... strategies that foster learner self-motivation
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Davies states, "Research is indicating that closing in on a goal triggers a part of the brain linked to motivation (e.g. Csikszentmihalyi, 1990; Pert, 1997; Pinker, 1997). Setting goals is a powerful way to focus students’ learning."
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"The portfolio is a laboratory where students construct meaning from their accumulated experience." (Paulson & Paulson, 1991, p.5)
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A portfolio tells a story. It is the story of knowing. Knowing about things... Knowing oneself... Knowing an audience...
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what they know, why they believe they know it, and why others should be of the same opinion.
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opinion backed by fact
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Learning/Process Portfolios involve the focus on the Greek Philosophers' directive, “know thyself” which can lead to a lifetime of investigation.
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Self-knowledge becomes an outcome of learning.
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Judith Brown found the following outcomes: increased students’ understanding of what, why, and how they learned throughout their careers, enhanced their communication and organization skills, reinforced the importance of reflection in learning.
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e-portfolio as Storytelling and the Portfolio Development Process
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diagram
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outlines my proposition that we need to link two dynamic processes together to support deep learning: electronic portfolios and digital storytelling
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Portfolio Processes
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Traditional Portfolio Processes include:
• Collecting
• Selecting
• Reflecting
• Projecting
• CelebratingAdding Technology allows the addition and enhancement of:
• Archiving
• Linking/Thinking
• Storytelling
• Collaborating
• Publishing -
- What? (The Past) What have I collected about my life/work/learning? (my artifacts)
- So What? (The Present) What do those artifacts show about what I have learned? (my current reflections on my knowledge, skills and dispositions)
- Now What? (The Future) What direction do I want to take in the future? (my future learning goals)
Reflective Questions tie the Past to the Future:
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What is Digital Storytelling? In this context, learners create a 2-4 minute digital video clip that is told in first person narrative, in their own voice, illustrated by (mostly) still images, with the addition of a music sound track to add emotional tone. The Center for Digital Storytelling has identified Seven Elements of Digital Storytelling:
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should not be presented as a recitation of mere facts
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A Point (of View):
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Consider your audience and direct the point to them
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A Dramatic Question:
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Typically you want to pose the dramatic question in the opening lines and resolve it in the closing lines.
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capture your audience’s attention at the beginning
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Emotional Content:
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can help hold your audiences attention. The images, effects, music and tone of voice
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elements consistent with the emotion
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The Gift of Your Voice:
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Take time to learn and practice your script
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even thought you don’t like to hear it, others do.
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conversational voice.
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The right music can set the story in time and can convey emotion.
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The Power of The Soundtrack:
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can be a distraction too.
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Economy:
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A compact, fast moving digital story will contain only those elements necessary to move the audience from beginning to end.
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Don’t give every detail to clarify your story, let your audience fill in some of the blanks.
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Music tempo, speech rate, image duration, and panning and zooming speed
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rhythm of the piece is what keeps your audience’s interest in the story.
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Pacing
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Generally pace will be consistent, but once in a while it will pause, accelerate, decelerate, stop or blast-off.
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Why include Storytelling in Electronic Portfolios?
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Learner Motivation and Affect
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Constructivist Approach to Project-Based "Assessment-as-Learning"
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Learner Ownership and Engagement with Portfolio
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Emotional Connection
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Deep Learning (as described by Barbara Cambridge):
– involves reflection,
– is developmental,
– is integrative,
– is self-directive, and
– is lifelong -
Deep Learning versus Surface Learning*
Attributes of Deep Learning Attributes of Surface Learning Learners relate ideas to previous knowledge and experience. Learners treat the course as untelated bits of knowledge. Learners look for patterns and unrelated principles. Learners memorize facts and carry out procedures routinely. Learners check evidence and relate it to conclusions. Learners find difficulty in making sense of new ideas presented. Learners examine logic and argument cautiously and critically. Learners see little value or meaning in either courses or tasks. Learners are aware of the understanding that develops while learning. Learners study without reflecting on either purpose of strategy. Learners become interested in the course content. Learners feel undue pressure and worry about work. *Source: adapted from Entwistle, 2001, quoted in Weigel, V.B. (2001) Deep Learning for a Digital Age: Technology's Untapped Potential to Enrich Higher Education. Jossey-Bass, p.6 -
Learner's Authentic Voice
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Portfolio as Lifelong Learning/ Professional Development Tool
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Constructivist model supports deep learning
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Congruence with Philosophy
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Contrasting Paradigms of Portfolios
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Paulson and Paulson (1994) have discussed portfolios developed under two different approaches: Positivism and Constructivism. They identified these tension between the two approaches: "The two paradigms produce portfolio activities that are entirely different... The positivist approach puts a premium on the selection of items that reflect outside standards and interests... The constructivist approach puts a premium on the selection of items that reflect learning from the student’s perspective."
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Digital Storytelling and Reflection
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Donald Schön (1988)
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storytelling as a mode of reflection:
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“…for storytelling is the mode of description best suited to transformation in new situations of action.... Stories are products of reflection, but we do not usually hold onto them long enough to make them objects of reflection in their own right.
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When we get into the habit of recording our stories, we can look at them again, attending to the meanings we have build into them and attending, as well, to our strategies of narrative description.”
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Janice McDrury and Maxine Alterio (2002)
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storytelling as an effective learning tool. They have linked the art of storytelling with reflective learning processes supported by the literature on both reflection and learning as well as making meaning through storytelling. The authors propose storytelling as a theory of learning within a socio-cultural framework and introduce a Storytelling Pathways Model and their Reflective Learning through Storytelling Model
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- Noticing
- Making sense
- Making meaning
- Working with meaning
- Transformative learning
- Story finding
- Story telling
- Story expanding
- Story processing
- Story reconstructing
Map of Learning (Moon, 1999) Learning through Storytelling -
theoretical underpinnings of this process. McDrury and Alterio provide the theoretical support for adding storytelling into the e-portfolio process, as they lay out their theory:
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...when we tell our own practice stories and listen to those of others, then work together to process them deeply and critically, we connect in ways which enrich self, relationship and practice, Through these connections we construct new knowledge and advance our understanding of the relationships we construct and are constructed by. For these reasons we end our journey convinced that storytelling can, and should, be viewed as a theory of learning. (p.175)
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Web logging or "blogging"
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Since one of the main goals of a portfolio is reflection on learning, perhaps a blog is a good option, since it can be used as an online reflective journal and an environment that invites collaboration.
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Tools
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different tools for different purposes
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Resources on Digital Storytelling
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Books on Digital Storytelling
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Websites on Digital Storytelling
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Digital Storytelling Software
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Resources on Blogs and Wikis
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04 Nov 14
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06 Oct 14
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05 Sep 14
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05 Sep 13
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03 May 13
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12 Mar 13
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30 Oct 12
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17 Jul 12
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21 Jun 12
Alfonso Gonzalez"Assessment of Learning - Assessment for Learning"
storytelling portfolios education digital portfolio reflection elearning ePortfolio eportfolios
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18 Jun 12
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The literature suggests that portfolios can have multiple purposes (Wolf, 1999): as assessment tools to document the attainment of standards (a positivist model--the assessment portfolio); as digital stories of deep learning (a constructivist model--the learning or process portfolio); and as digital resumes to highlight competence (a showcase model-- the best works/marketing/employment portfolio).
-
Portfolios should support an environment of reflection and collaboration
-
A major issue faced by educators is the differing perceptions about portfolios and their use in education. Some people think the primary purpose of a portfolio is for summative assessment (a culture of compliance or a checklist of skills). Others think the primary purpose of a portfolio is assessment for learning and to tell the learner's story (a culture of lifelong learning/professional development). These two purposes are often in conflict with each other
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The purpose of the portfolio was thus transformed from the individualistic, developmental, constructivist vision in the Design Document to a policy tool designed to address external program and state requirements... When people in power (i.e., the state, a teacher education faculty) impose a cultural tool, less powerful agents (preservice teachers) may master the tool but use it with reluctance or in subversive ways, or resist its use altogether.
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"Most said they produced these portfolios just to 'get them done,' because the program required them – not because they found them personally meaningful."
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(read from bottom to top in order of maturity)
Child-organized portfolio
Teacher-and-child-organized portfolio
Progress portfolio
Showcase portfolio or achievement portfolio
Teacher-organized portfolio or curriculum portfolio
Collection of child’s work
Folder of child’s work -
“If we can begin to consider that the primary purpose for the portfolio is to provide a vehicle for each child to grow metacognitively and to demonstrate competence in telling the story of learning, the door is open for the child to assume ownership.
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portfolio as assessment of learning (the California Lutheran model) and using portfolios as assessment for learning.
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Assessment of Learning Assessment for Learning -
Assessment of Learning Assessment for Learning -
portfolio as assessment of learning (the California Lutheran model) and using portfolios as assessment for learning.
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formative assessment is an essential component of classroom work and that its development can raise standards of achievement" more effectively than any other strategy
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Here are their ten research-based principles of Assessment for Learning (AFL) to guide classroom practice
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decide what
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The portfolio is a laboratory where students construct meaning from their accumulated experience."
-
A portfolio tells a story. It is the story of knowing. Knowing about things... Knowing oneself... Knowing an audience... Portfolios are students' own stories of what they know, why they believe they know it, and why others should be of the same opinion. A portfolio is opinion backed by fact... Students prove what they know with samples of their work.”
-
Traditional Portfolio Processes include:
• Collecting
• Selecting
• Reflecting
• Projecting
• CelebratingAdding Technology allows the addition and enhancement of:
• Archiving
• Linking/Thinking
• Storytelling
• Collaborating
• Publishing
-
-
26 Mar 12
Mark MortonThis paper discusses the concepts of Electronic Portfolios as Digital Stories of Deep Learning and Digital Storytelling as Reflective Portfolio by linking two dynamic processes to promote deep learning: Portfolio Development and Digital Storytelling.
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27 Feb 12
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22 Jan 12
Molly MyersElectronic Portfolios as Digital Stories of Deep Learning: http://t.co/JMvc7Tbo #edchat #edtech
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Chris LudwigElectronic Portfolios as Digital Stories of Deep Learning: http://t.co/JMvc7Tbo #edchat #edtech
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21 Jan 12
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Carolyn DurleyElectronic Portfolios as Digital Stories of Deep Learning: http://t.co/JMvc7Tbo #edchat #edtech
– Terie Engelbrecht (mrsebiology) http://twitter.com/mrsebiology/status/160740822269173760 -
16 Nov 11
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13 Oct 11
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10 Mar 11
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07 Feb 11
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31 Jan 11
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A major challenge today with electronic portfolios is to maintain learner intrinisic motivation to willingly engage in the portfolio process. The use of multimedia tools is one strategy that involves and engages learners; another technology that is engaging young people today is the web log or "blogs" and "wikis." But first, lets look at the issues that are turning learners off about the current approach to electronic portfolios, at least in Teacher Education.
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There are some underlying philosophical issues that need to be addressed with portfolios in education. The literature suggests that portfolios can have multiple purposes (Wolf, 1999): as assessment tools to document the attainment of standards (a positivist model--the assessment portfolio); as digital stories of deep learning (a constructivist model--the learning or process portfolio); and as digital resumes to highlight competence (a showcase model-- the best works/marketing/employment portfolio). These models are often at odds, philosophically, with each other. While administrators often implement electronic portfolios for the assessment purpose, the students usually view this type of portfolio as something "done to them" rather than something they WANT to maintain as a lifelong learning tool. A portfolio that is truly a story of learning is OWNED by the learner, structured by the learner, and told in the learner's own VOICE (literally and rhetorically).
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. I am concerned that in the name of assessment, we are losing a powerful tool to support deep learning. I am concerned that that we are losing the "stories" in e-portfolios in favor of the skills checklists. Portfolios should support an environment of reflection and collaboration.
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I believe the use of technology can be a motivating factor for portfolios, especially if we can make it engaging for the learners, and give them an opportunity to express their own voice in their portfolios.
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A major issue faced by educators is the differing perceptions about portfolios and their use in education. Some people think the primary purpose of a portfolio is for summative assessment (a culture of compliance or a checklist of skills). Others think the primary purpose of a portfolio is assessment for learning and to tell the learner's story (a culture of lifelong learning/professional development). These two purposes are often in conflict with each other. Green and Smyser (1995) identify these two contradictory purposes: formative and summative evaluation.
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The paper also covered issues of faculty disengagement,
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There is a rich legacy in the K-12 portfolio literature and much can be learned from the literature on paper-based portfolios. As adult learners, we have much to learn from how children approach portfolios. Contrast the levels above with "Stages of Ownership of the Portfolio" [Hebert, Elizabeth (2001) The Power of Portfolios. Jossey-Bass, p.45]. Elizabeth Hebert is the principal at Crow Island School in Winnetka, Illinois. Her book is a story about the growth of portfolios in her school over the last decade. Their approach to portfolios focuses on student ownership of the portfolio:
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(read from bottom to top in order of maturity)
Child-organized portfolio
Teacher-and-child-organized portfolio
Progress portfolio
Showcase portfolio or achievement portfolio
Teacher-organized portfolio or curriculum portfolio
Collection of child’s work
Folder of child’s work -
Hebert discussed the purpose of the portfolio: “If we can begin to consider that the primary purpose for the portfolio is to provide a vehicle for each child to grow metacognitively and to demonstrate competence in telling the story of learning, the door is openfor the child to assumeownership.” The contrast between these two approaches is startling. Hebert's levels are learner-centered. The perspective really showcases the differences between using the portfolio as assessment of learning (the California Lutheran model) and using portfolios as assessment for learning.
-
AFL should be recognized as central to classroom practice
-
learners self-assess and receive specific, descriptive feedback about the learning during the learning,
-
learners collect, organize, and communicate evidence of their learning with others,
-
Artifacts selected by learner to tell the story of their learning
-
Portfolio organization is determined by learner or negotiated with mentor/advisor/teacher
-
Ann Davies states, "Research is indicating that closing in on a goal triggers a part of the brain linked to motivation
-
Setting goals is a powerful way to focus students’ learning."
-
A portfolio tells a story. It is the story of knowing. Knowing about things... Knowing oneself... Knowing an audience... Portfolios are students' own stories of what they know, why they believe they know it, and why others should be of the same opinion. A portfolio is opinion backed by fact... Students prove what they know with samples of their work.” (Paulson & Paulson, 1991, p.2)
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- What? (The Past) What have I collected about my life/work/learning? (my artifacts)
- So What? (The Present) What do those artifacts show about what I have learned? (my current reflections on my knowledge, skills and dispositions)
- Now What? (The Future) What direction do I want to take in the future? (my future learning goals)
The following Reflective Questions tie the Past to the Future:
-
Paulson and Paulson (1994) have discussed portfolios developed under two different approaches: Positivism and Constructivism. They identified these tension between the two approaches: "The two paradigms produce portfolio activities that are entirely different... The positivist approach puts a premium on the selection of items that reflect outside standards and interests... The constructivist approach puts a premium on the selection of items that reflect learning from the student’s perspective."
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25 Jan 11
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16 Sep 10
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28 Jul 10
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19 Nov 09
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13 Aug 09
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se of multimedia tools is one strategy
-
maintain learner intrinisic motivation to willingly engage in the portfolio process
-
maintain learner intrinisic motivation to willingly engage in the portfolio process
-
major challenge today with electronic portfolios is to maintain learner intrinisic motivation to willingly engage in the portfolio process
-
se of multimedia tools is one strategy
-
se of multimedia tools is one strategy
-
-
03 May 09
-
This paper will discuss the concepts of "Electronic Portfolios as Digital Stories of Deep Learning" and "Digital Storytelling as Reflective Portfolio" by linking two dynamic processes to promote deep learning: Portfolio Development and Digital Storytelling. A major challenge today with electronic portfolios is to maintain learner intrinisic motivation to willingly engage in the portfolio process. The use of multimedia tools is one strategy that involves and engages learners; another technology that is engaging young people today is the web log or "blogs" and "wikis." But first, lets look at the issues that are turning learners off about the current approach to electronic portfolios, at least in Teacher Education.
-
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11 Apr 09
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13 Feb 09
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30 Jan 09
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18 Jan 09
Toppy PettigrewThis paper will discuss the concepts of "Electronic Portfolios as Digital
Stories of Deep Learning" and "Digital Storytelling as Reflective Portfolio" by
linking two dynamic processes to promote deep learning: Portfolio Development
and Digital Storytelling. -
20 Dec 08
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13 Nov 08
Anthony ArmstrongEmerging Digital Tools to Support Reflection in Learner-Centered Portfolios
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01 Sep 08
ken .portfolio management, aka "deanware" (worth it for that alone, cf. Beck's Journey Planner, meaning in the pov) - ticking the boxes (contra-rotulus) but losing the plot - Stiggin's Assessment of-Learning v for-Learning - owned by, structured by and told by
action blogging control design education knowledge learning management meaning motivation sensemaking story time writing
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08 Aug 08
Trevor HolmesThis is one of my favourite intros to the potential of ePortfolios from back in the ancient day (2004).
Links Portfolios_Journals eportfolio deep learning narrative reflection pedagogy reflective practice online
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28 Jul 08
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03 Jun 08
Michael M GrantHelen Barrett describes her foundation for electronic portfolios.
electronic portfolios digital storytelling reflection artifacts
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28 Apr 08
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15 Nov 07
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02 Oct 07
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20 Jun 07
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19 Jun 07
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27 Apr 07
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10 Apr 07
michelemmartinlinking eportfolios and digital story-telling for deep learning
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Barton and Collins (1993) stated, “the first and most significant act of portfolio preparation is the decision of the purposes for the portfolio” (p. 203). What are your purposes in creating an electronic portfolio? To support ongoing learning/professional development? To support formative and summative assessment? To support marketing and employment? These are three major purposes for electronic portfolios... and they are all different and require different types of technology tools. A learning portfolio can be supported very nicely with a web log environment ("blogs"), whereas an assessment portfolio that ties artifacts to a set of standards, with feedback or validation, is best implemented through a relational database structure. A marketing or employment portfolio only needs an authoring environment that supports formatting and hyperlinking on a web-based server.
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Portfolios should support an environment of reflection and collaboration. It is a rare system that supports those multiple needs. That is why I often advocate for three interconnected systems: an archive of student work, an assessment management system to document achievement of standards, and an authoring environment where students can construct their own electronic portfolios and reflective, digital stories of learning (see my online article with more in-depth detail about this balanced model).
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Some people think the primary purpose of a portfolio is for summative assessment (a culture of compliance or a checklist of skills). Others think the primary purpose of a portfolio is assessment for learning and to tell the learner's story (a culture of lifelong learning/professional development). These two purposes are often in conflict with each other.
-
If we are to help learners create portfolios that truly support assessment for learning and follow the ten AFL principles, then we need to look at strategies that help the learner tell a story of their own learning... strategies that foster learner self-motivation. Ann Davies states, "Research is indicating that closing in on a goal triggers a part of the brain linked to motivation (e.g. Csikszentmihalyi, 1990; Pert, 1997; Pinker, 1997). Setting goals is a powerful way to focus students’ learning."
-
- What? (The Past) What have I collected about my life/work/learning? (my artifacts)
- So What? (The Present) What do those artifacts show about what I have learned? (my current reflections on my knowledge, skills and dispositions)
- Now What? (The Future) What direction do I want to take in the future? (my future learning goals)
The following Reflective Questions tie the Past to the Future:
-
Portfolio Processes
Traditional Portfolio Processes include:
• Collecting
• Selecting
• Reflecting
• Projecting
• CelebratingAdding Technology allows the addition and enhancement of:
• Archiving
• Linking/Thinking
• Storytelling
• Collaborating
• Publishing -
- A Point (of View): Stories are told to make a point and should not be presented as a recitation of mere facts. Define the premise of your story so that all parts can serve to make the point. Consider your audience and direct the point to them.
- A Dramatic Question: You want to capture your audience’s attention at the beginning of the piece and hold their interest throughout. Typically you want to pose the dramatic question in the opening lines and resolve it in the closing lines.
- Emotional Content: Emotional content can help hold your audiences attention. The images, effects, music and tone of voice all lend to contributing emotion to the piece. Try to keep the elements consistent with the emotion of the moment.
- The Gift of Your Voice: Most likely the first time you heard your recorded voice you couldn’t stand the way it sounded. And you still can’t. Suggestion….get over it! Your voice is a great gift and even thought you don’t like to hear it, others do. If you “read” your script your audience will not know how to react. Take time to learn and practice your script so you can speak in a conversational voice. Record several takes and select the best one. Trust that your audience will think it is perfect
- The Power of The Soundtrack: Music is a big plus to a digital story. The right music can set the story in time and can convey emotion. Play music behind an image and a specific emotion is generated. Change the music behind the same image and an entirely different emotion is experienced. Sound effects can add tension and excitement to a piece, but be careful, they can be a distraction too.
- Economy: A compact, fast moving digital story will contain only those elements necessary to move the audience from beginning to end. We know that our brains are constantly filling in (from our own experiences) details from suggestions made by sights and sounds. Don’t give every detail to clarify your story, let your audience fill in some of the blanks.
- Pacing: The rhythm of the piece is what keeps your audience’s interest in the story. Music tempo, speech rate, image duration, and panning and zooming speed all work to establish pace. Generally pace will be consistent, but once in a while it will pause, accelerate, decelerate, stop or blast-off.
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Portfolio as Lifelong Learning/ Professional Development Tool
• The tools used to develop the portfolio should be accessible to a learner throughout their chosen career.
• Dependence on propriety software that is not accessible to a learner after graduation may not, in the long term, provide the skills necessary to maintain the e-portfolio as a lifelong professional development tool. -
Another technology that has potential to make electronic portfolios more engaging is the web log or "blogs" as it is known to those who participate in them. As the Stanford Learning Technologies group has evolved the technology to support its research project on "folio thinking," researcher Helen Chen reports that they are beginning to use blog or "wiki" software to support students' reflections.
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Developing an electronic portfolio begins first with developing a digital archive of a learner's work, from which a variety of portfolios can be created, depending on purpose and audience. Essentially, it is a content management process with reflection on learning. There are two major directions in electronic portfolio development. One path uses generic tools (GT) such as word processors, presentation software, HTML editors, multimedia authoring tools, portable document format (PDF), or other commonly used productivity tool software found on most desktop computers. The second path uses an "information technology" customized systems approaches (CS) that involve servers, programming, and databases.
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I recommend establishing a system that is very open, and allows for multiple purposes, so that learners can develop a portfolio that meets THEIR goals.
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13 Mar 07
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13 Jan 07
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27 Dec 06
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26 Aug 06
Pier Giuseppe Rossiarticolo molto importante in quanto rpecisa le tipologie di ePortfolio e indica alcune tecnologie in funzione della tipologia
barret eportfolio education storytelling tools socialsoftware blog
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10 Jun 06
Marcus O'DonnellThe perspective really showcases the differences between using the portfolio as assessment of learning (the California Lutheran model) and using portfolios as assessment for learning. This distinction in types of assessment is elaborated by Rick Stiggins
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16 Apr 06
Mikel Madina[EN] will discuss the concepts of "Electronic Portfolios as Digital Stories of Deep Learning" and "Digital Storytelling as Reflective Portfolio" by linking two dynamic processes to promote deep learning: Portfolio Development and Digital Storytelling
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06 Dec 05
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12 Jul 05
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03 Jul 05
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17 Dec 04
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07 Aug 04
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03 Aug 04
Mario AsselinArticle ("under development") de Helen C. Barrett, Ph.D. à-propos de l'émergence des outils numériques qui supportent la réflexion à l'aide de portfolios centrés sur l'apprenant
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01 Jul 04
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30 Jun 04
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