11 items | 31 visits
ken zhang's List: bladder cancer staging
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Sep 29, 08
Clinical staging in invasive bladder cancers has not high accuracy regarding the involvement of bladder surrounding fats and pelvic adenopathies. A tumor sized more than 5 cm could be sensitive in estimating extravesical involvement. Positive predictive value of hydronephrosis is considerable regarding bladder muscle involvement. Tumor understaging by TURBT is happened in high percentage of patients with invasive bladder cancer.
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Sep 29, 08
These data confirm the high risk of clinical understaging of both local extension of the primary tumour and lymph node involvement.
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Sep 29, 08
The staging error of TUR in the bladder tumor may cause severe mistakes on deciding about radical surgery. However, although there was no understaging, which is more risky for false cystectomy indication, urologists must be careful about overstage/understage in the staging of TUR.
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Oct 04, 08
分期标准按TNM及TSM分期方法［1］，各期CT表现为，T1/A期：膀胱内肿块，膀胱壁光滑无增厚；T2/B1期：膀胱壁增厚，但局部无僵硬感；T3a/B2期：膀胱壁增厚、僵硬，但外缘光滑；T3b/c期：膀胱壁增厚、不规则、界线模糊，周围脂肪层中出现软组织密度影；T4/D期：肿瘤侵犯临近器官，盆腔淋巴结转移，侵及精囊腺时表现为膀胱精囊角消失，侵及前列腺时表现为前列腺边界不清楚、密度不均匀。
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膀胱乳头状瘤是一种临床上和病理方面都容易发生混乱的诊断名词。其发生率在移行上皮性肿瘤中差异很大。从3%～40%。美国则将其归类于G0级移行细胞癌。
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。但从肿瘤的生物学行为看，乳头状瘤有复发的倾向，5年内复发率为60%；而且其中一部分肿瘤复发很快，肿瘤恶性度及范围逐步增长，或发生肌层浸润，故应被视为恶性肿瘤
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Tumor stage is the best predictor of clinical outcome in urothelial neoplasms; however, the prognosis of patients with noninvasive papillary urothelial tumors is influenced largely by the pathologic grade of the initial tumor.
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