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Yaxhpal's List: Science and Technology

    • a new fibre optic technology that promises to increase bandwidth dramatically, easing Internet congestion and video streaming
    • The technology centers on donut-shaped laser light beams called optical vortices, in which the light twists like a tornado as it moves along the beam path, rather than in astraight line.

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    • excitement among particle physicists following evidence of the existence of a four-quark particle
    • seen in two experiments — the Belle particle detector in Japan and in BESIII detector in China

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    • 750 million homes online; 16% less women on the Web than men
    • While India inches towards 13 per cent Internet penetration with roughly 160 million users, nearly 40 per cent of the global population or 2.7 billion people are already online in 2013, according to the International Telecommunication Union (ITU)

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  • First Batch

    Before 11th July

    • IOE3-Kanban camera was developed by the Institute of Optics and Electronics under the Chinese Academy of Sciences
    • capable of producing images with 10,240 x 10,240 pixels
    • Two of the biggest internet threats are malware, which criminals can use to take control of other computers, and phishing scams, which try to seek out passwords or other private information
    • launcher, numbered GSLV-D5, was planned for launch in the second week of next month but not before August 6
    • After two-and-half years

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    • Next-generation sequencing could enable IVF clinics to determine the chances of children developing diseases
    • The birth demonstrates how next-generation sequencing (NGS), which was developed to read whole genomes quickly and cheaply, is poised to transform the selection of embryos in IVF clinics.

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    • ISRO’s Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle, PSLV-C22, has successfully launched IRNSS-1A, the first satellite in the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS)
    • IRNSS-1A is the first of the seven satellites constituting the space segment of the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System

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    • The reconstruction of the human brain, called "Big Brain,"
    • He said Big Brain goes a “step further” than the best scans he can obtain by enabling him to see details at the level at which brain computations take place
    • When the heart beats (contracts), the contractile machinery is switched on by an increase in calcium within the cell, according to researchers
    • Researchers led by Professor Mark Cannell from the University of Bristol’s School of Physiology and Pharmacology

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    • platelets, while sailing across the blood stream in the liver of mice, were making frequent short-lived “touch-and-go” interactions with specialized immune cells called Kupffer cells
    • Kupffer cells are located in the liver and protect us from infection by capturing and eventually killing bacteria that pass by

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    • The molecule is a photosensitiser and a derivative of porphyrin
    • normally a cancer drug would kill any dividing cell and as a result new cells required for hair and nails growth, throat and stomach lining also get destroyed

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    • Silver can kill bacteria selectively and bacteria are unable to develop resistance against it
    • Here is silver’s multi-pronged approach: first, silver sticks very strongly to sulfur, found in parts of proteins. These sulfur groups normally bond to each other in proteins, holding them together and keeping the protein folded up in its correct shape. But if silver interacts with sulfur then the protein cannot fold correctly, and thus it cannot do its job. Next, silver interferes with how bacteria use iron. Iron is often held in the places it is needed by binding to sulfur. And since silver also interacts with sulfur it stops the iron from doing so. Finally, silver causes bacteria to produce extremely toxic substances called reactive oxygen species. These go on to cause damage inside the cell, harming the DNA, proteins and even the membranes that surround cells
    • Australian scientists are working on Quantum mechanics
    • impenetrable cyber security method ever conceived

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  • Second Batch Starts Here

    After 14th July

    • Apollo Lunar Landing Sites National Historical Park on the Moon
    • Apollo Lunar Landing Legacy Act

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    • The new magnet is made of a superconductor called niobium titanium, which, when cooled to near absolute zero, allows large amounts of current to flow without overheating
    • The Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) is an energy converter, which turns organic matter directly into electricity, via the metabolism of live microorganisms
    • Essentially, the electricity is a by-product of the microbes' natural life cycle, so the more they eat things like urine, the more energy they generate and for longer periods of time; so it's beneficial to keep doing it

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    • Campaign wants to send tiny satellites out of Earth orbit
    • A mini-satellite, no bigger than a loaf of bread, could push itself out of Earth’s orbit as soon as next year if a crowdfunding campaign to support development of a diminutive propulsion system succeeds. If such small spacecraft can be made to operate far from Earth, they could one day make inexpensive expeditions to asteroids, Mars, and beyond.
  • Third Batch Starts Here

    After 21st July

    • India will be the sixth country to launch a mission to Mars after the U.S., Russia, Europe, Japan and China
    • primary objectives are to demonstrate India’s technological capability to send a satellite to orbit around Mars and conduct meaningful experiments such as looking for signs of life, take pictures of the red planet and study Martian environment
    • A unique IT tool, developed to control and reduce the outbreak of mosquito-borne diseases by using data mining
    • The novel technology has been developed by Dr. U.S.N. Murthy, Chief Scientist, Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology and his team by improvising and customising Self Organising Map (SOM), a cluster technique in data mining

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