visualm 's List: Neuro

• one in 1000
• downward displacement by more than four millimeters, of the cerebellar tonsils beneath the foramen magnum
• associated with syringomyelia
• Klippel-Feil
• Cervical spina bifida occulta
• Scoliosis
• no symptoms
• head and neck pain
• occipital headache
• worse by coughing
• pain and temperature sensation
• muscle strength
• Drop attacks
• downward displacement of the medulla, fourth ventricle, and cerebellum into the cervical spinal canal
• elongation of the pons and fourth ventricle
• exclusively in patients with myelomeningocele
• myelomeningocele and hydrocephalus
• pattern of breathing
• Depressed gag reflex
• rapid, downward eye movements
• Loss of arm strength
• dysraphism with a portion of the cerebellum and/or brainstem pushing out through a defect in the back of the head or neck
• very rare
• early mortality
• rarest
• not survive infancy
• local decompression
• Chiari I
• Chiari II
• restricted to decompressing the tissues in the spinal canal

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