Citation:
"Imposition of Uqair Protocol." Cosmos.html. Web. 17 May 2011.
http://cosmos.ucc.ie/cs1064/jabowen/IPSC/php/event.php?eid=156
Tom McNeil's List: Tipping pt
-
May 16, 11
Throughout the course of history, it has been the past that determines the future. The various events, good and bad, leading up to a conflict are crucial to what is conjured up as a result of past occurrences. After the Allies success in World War 1, their influence over the newly conquered Ottoman Empire was at its peak. With arrangements such as the Sykes-Picot Agreement, France and Britain in particular were controlling many areas around the Arabian Peninsula and in the former Ottoman Empire. Around this time period in 1922, a British ambassador named Percy Cox held a meeting with Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia to determine the vague, unclear border's of Kuwait, Iraq, and Nejd in Saudi Arabia. The meeting came to be known as the Uqair Conference, which was held in response to border raids by many of Ibn Saud's tribes people and Bedouins on undefined territory they believed was theirs for the taking. Cox's final decision was unfavorable for Iraq as it not only robbed them of the land, but confined its access to the Persian Gulf. This would also impede Iraq's ability to expand its navy, and in the future, withhold a great deal of valuable oil from them. However, their view on the matter was ignored due to the fact they were under British mandate. Ultimately, the Uqair Conference, or Protocol as it came to be known, was pivotal and crucial in creating what would become Saddam Hussein and Iraq's invasion of Kuwait, and further still, Operation Desert Storm.
-
May 16, 11
- The Uqair Conference divided the land between Iraq and Kuwait
- Took place when Britain was handing out mandates and dividing the territories of what was the Ottoman Empire
-
May 16, 11
Really good source. Gives a good overview and then an even better slightly more in depth view, especially of the people involved and what their stances were and why they did what they did and how it was so easy for Ibn Saud to give up the land that would eventually be the source of war.
-
Imposition of Uqair Protocol
-
-
He drew out several "neutral zones". It goes on to say how little say Ibn Saud even had as he was treated like a child. It was virtually down to Percy Cox to decide on where borders would be placed. The plan was the most beneficial for Kuwait as they now had defined borders, a country, and safety due to the neutral zones. Kuwait had a British representative. Iraq had no one present.
- 3 more sticky notes...
-
-
-
-
In response to the various Bedouin raids
-
Uqair Protocol of 1922 which defined the boundaries between Iraq and Nejd; and between Kuwait and Nejd.
-
-
May 16, 11
- Ended up causing Saddam Hussein to invade Kuwait
- Felt Kuwait was their 19th State
- Gave Kuwait valuable resources such as oil, even if it had not been discovered yet
- Iraq wanted the oil and felt that Kuwait was should be theirs
- Resulted in US implementing Op Desert Shield/Storm
- Would result in further distaste for imperialist countries placing mandates as they did not give Arab States the freedom they desired
- They did not want to be puppets as Egypt later shows
-
Solid paragraph on how there was much controversy over the borders between Saudi (Nejda) and Kuwait and Iraq and Kuwait. Ibn Saud the leader of Saudi had many of his people raiding areas because there was no real crackdown on where the boarders should be. It does not say it directly, but as a result of this the Iraq's would later invade Kuwait after they felt they were being robbed of land, their 19th province. This is why it is so significant. Kuwait had a great amount of oil also which would have benefited the Iraqi's also. It gave Saddam Hussein a perfect excuse to attack in years to come, the land should have been theirs, it is attached to their border and it was "robbed" of them basically by the conference. They also had no real say in the talks, King Faisal was not really represented the talks were more between Ibn Saud of Saudi and Sir Percy Cox of Britain. So at that time it was actually more between the Saudi's and the British rather than the Iraqi's. This just says all the more on how they came out without much because their voices were not heard. Iraq and Kuwait were actually both wanting top stop the expansion of the Whababi (Saudi's). Kuwait lost a lot of land, to Saudi in particular. Took place at the port Uqair. (Page 184)
Citation:
Mansfield, Peter. A History of the Middle East. New York: Viking, 1991. Print.
-
May 17, 11
People often look back and say, "What if?". This is a phrase the British must have been thinking to themselves after the Saddam Hussein's aggressive moves towards Kuwait in 1990. To make matters worse it was not the British, but the Americans who cleaned up the mess created at the Uqair Conference back in 1922. The Uqair Protocol was a temporary solution to a problem that only grew with each passing year. It was an unfair piece of judgment by Sir Percy Cox and was undoubtedly proved to be so after Iraq's invasion of Kuwait. The Protocol was a moment that historians look back upon as a tipping point. It tipped the scales and angered Iraq, who eventually acted belligerently towards Kuwait many years later as a result. It was a crucial moment in history, and truly set the stage for greater problems in the future.
-
May 17, 11
"History of Kuwait and Contributions to Culture. History of Kuwait Highlights. Middle East Culture and Attractions." Middle East Explorer: Middle East Culture and Attractions. Travel to Middle East. Turkey, Kuwait, Iran, Israel and More. Web. 17 May 2011.
http://www.middleeastexplorer.com/Kuwait/History-of-Kuwait
"Imposition of Uqair Protocol." Cosmos.html. Web. 17 May 2011.
http://cosmos.ucc.ie/cs1064/jabowen/IPSC/php/event.php?eid=156
Mansfield, Peter. A History of the Middle East. New York: Viking, 1991. Print.
1 - 8 of 8
20 items/page
List Comments
(0)
List Info
8 items | 16 visits