Suzi Robertson-Malt's List: Proteomics

• The kidneys filter and remove waste and water from the blood to produce urine.  They get rid of about 1-1/2 to 2 quarts of urine per day in an adult and less in  a child, depending on the child's age. The urine travels from the kidneys down  two narrow tubes called the ureters. The urine is then stored in a balloon-like  organ called the bladder (see figure
• The opening of the urethra is at the end of the penis in boys (see figure 2) and  in front of the vagina in girls (see figure 3).
• An older child with bladder irritation may complain of pain in the abdomen and  pelvic area. Your child may urinate often. If the kidney is infected, your child  may complain of pain under the side of the rib cage, called the flank, or low  back pain. Crying or complaining that it hurts to urinate and producing only a  few drops of urine at a time are other signs of urinary tract infection. Your  child may have difficulty controlling the urine and may leak urine into clothing  or bedsheets. The urine may smell unusual or look cloudy or red.
• Only by consulting a health care provider can you find out for certain whether  your child has a urinary tract infection.

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