Stephanie Majors's List: Digital Identity

• “Literacy should be understood as an individual construct growing out of personal experiences shaped by societal attitudes.”(Bell, 1997)
• These views clearly points out that literacy is a kind of identity building resources. In this sense, identities can be viewed as stories told about and within social interactions (which is the “literacy narrative”). Individuals narrate their identities by choosing what stories to tell about themselves in which situations and to which listeners.

• Three Levels of Digital Literacy ( Allan Martin, 2009)

   

  Just as literacy can be seen as conceivable on three levels, we may approach digital literacy in the same vein, seeing it as operative first at the level of technique, of the mastery of digital competences, secondly at the level of thoughtful usage, of the contextually-appropriate application of digital tools, and thirdly, at the level of critical reflection, of the understanding of the transformative human and social impact of digital actions.

• Topic of the two examples: Real-life identity vs. Digital/Online identity

   
   
  • For you, are they the same or different? How are they different and why?
   
  • For others, are they the same or different? If you want to know what kind of person your new friend or roommate is, should you trust his or her digital identity, for example the facebook profolio?
   
  • Do you think your digital identity would influence your real life identity?
• “digital identity”.
• First, one constructs his or her digital identity through computer and Internet to conduct various kinds of social activities, such as connecting with friends or meeting new friends (by facebook, Renren and many other social network), writing essays, making comments on something or updating situation of yourself (by twitter, blog et al), shopping (by amazon, ebay for example)……In each website, you own a username, a digitalized ID. This ID is dynamic, flexible and changeable, which means you could shut down your account and disappear forever.
• Second, since there are so many of “you” on the Internet, each of “you” might be probably different. One who is very popular on Facebook maybe is quite quiet in blog.

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• Digital Identity has been described as "the sum of all digitally available information about an individual." It's your digital footprint—your life in updates, photos, comments, pins, blog posts and other online interactions.

• With increasing choices for connecting, consuming and sharing information your Digital Identity is arguably your most important asset.

    
• Google’s Chairman, Eric Schmidt is talking about the absolute need to manage your online identity. Randi Zuckerburg of Facebook believes owning online identity is one of the biggest advantages you can give to your children.
• "All people [will] have the self‐awareness to closely manage their online identities and the virtual lives they lead, monitoring and shaping them from an early age so as not to limit their opportunities in life." 

   

    Eric Schmidt  - Google Chairman, The New Digital Age
• "All told, the value created through digital identity can be massive - at a 22% annual growth rate, applying personal data can deliver a €330 billion annual economic benefit for organisations in Europe by 2020." 

   

    The Boston Consulting Group
• "Your online identity in the future is unlikely to be a simple Facebook page; instead it will be a constellation of profiles, from every online activity." 

   

    Eric Schmidt  - Google Chairman, The New Digital Age
• "Looking ahead, parents will consider how online search rankings will affect their child’s future" 

   

    Eric Schmidt  - Google Chairman, The New Digital Age
• "Online experience will start with birth, or even earlier. Periods of people’s lives will be frozen in time, and easily surfaced for all to see." 

   

    Eric Schmidt  - Google Chairman, The New Digital Age
• "The true cost of remaining anonymous might be irrelevance." 

   

    Eric Schmidt  - Google Chairman, The New Digital Age
• "Within search results, information tied to verified online profiles will be ranked higher than content without such verification, which will result in most users naturally clicking on the top (verified) results." 

   

    Eric Schmidt  - Google Chairman, The New Digital Age

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• Digital identity
• Digital identity is the data that uniquely describes a person or a thing and contains information about the subject's relationships.^[1] The social identity that an internet user establishes through digital identities in cyberspace is referred to as online identity.
• A critical problem in cyberspace is knowing with whom one is interacting. Currently there are no ways to precisely determine the identity of a person in digital space. Even though there are attributes associated to a person's digital identity, these attributes or even identities can be changed, masked or dumped and new ones created.
• Subject and entity
• Attributes, preferences and traits
• Every Digital Identity has zero or more identity attributes. Attributes are acquired and contain information about a subject, such as medical history, purchasing behaviour, bank balance, age and so on.^[1] Preferences retain a subject's choices such as favourite brand of shoes, preferred currency. Traits are features of the subject that are inherent, such as eye colour, nationality, place of birth. While attributes of a subject can change easily, traits change slowly, if at all.
• Technical aspects
• Trust, authentication and authorisation
• Authentication
• Authentication is a key aspect of trust-based identity attribution, providing a codified assurance of the identity of one entity to another.
• Authorisation
• Authorisation is the determination of any entity that controls resources that the authenticated can access those resources.
• Digital identifiers
• Digital identity fundamentally requires digital identifiers—strings or tokens that are unique within a given scope (globally or locally within a specific domain, community, directory, application, etc.). Identifiers are the key used by the parties to an identification relationship to agree on the entity being represented. Identifiers may be classified as omnidirectional and unidirectional.
• Resolvable identifiers, s
• Identifiers may also be classified as resolvable or non-resolvable.
• Non-resolvable identifiers,
• Digital Object Architecture
• Handle System
• The Handle System is a general purpose distributed information system that provides efficient, extensible, and secure identifier and resolution services for use on networks such as the internet.
• Extensible Resource Identifiers
• Policy aspects of digital identity
• axonomies of identity
• The development of digital identity network solutions that can interoperate taxonomically-diverse representations of digital identity is a contemporary challenge. Free-tagging has emerged recently as an effective way of circumventing this challenge (to date, primarily with application to the identity of digital entities such as bookmarks and photos) by effectively flattening identity attributes into a single, unstructured layer. However, the organic integration of the benefits of both structured and fluid approaches to identity attribute management remains elusive.
• Networked identity
• Identity relationships within a digital network may include multiple identity entities.
• (a) the existence of independent trust relationships between each pair of entities in the relationship and (b) a means of reliably integrating the paired relationships into larger relational units.

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