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Digital Security and Privacy for Human Rights Defenders
Digital Security
Human rights defenders are increasingly using computers and the Internet in their work. Although access to technology is still a huge issue around the world, electronic means of storing and communicating information are getting more and more common in human rights organisations. However, governments are also developing the capacity to manipulate, monitor and subvert electronic information. Surveillance and censorship is growing and the lack of security for digitally stored or communicated information is becoming a major problem for human rights defenders in some countries.
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All over the world, people at home, work and play are surrounded by digital data. This ranges from personal records and media files to work documents. These pieces of information hardly ever exist in isolation; more often than not, they are exchanged and transferred through digital interactions with other people and devices. Such interactions exist in almost every aspect of modern life, from the way we act as individuals and how we communicate and organize ourselves, to how modern enterprises and governments function.
As more and more devices get interconnected, people and things are performing more tasks. As a result, access is increasingly demanded for any device, anywhere, anytime, and this has clear security implications. Potentially, it puts at risk individual identities as well as personal, corporate and government information.
What's needed in response is the implementation of appropriate digital security technology. Secure protection of digital identities, assets, and transactions is vital for individuals, enterprises and public sector organizations. The technology must be both trustworthy and easy to use, so that users can enjoy their interactions in confidence.
So we define Digital Security as those solutions that protect and enhance digital identities, assets and interactions, based on a combination of secure personal devices, software platforms, and services.
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Digital Security
The way how you protect your digital and data identity.
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Definition of Critical Thinking: Reasonable reflective thinking focused on deciding what to believe or do.
A brief elaboration of the above definition, entitled "A Super-Streamlined Conception of Critical Thinking", is below. For exemplification that includes the distinction between critical thinking dispositions and abilities, see "Critical Thinking: A Streamlined Conception" from Teaching Philosophy (1991). For a longer, slightly-revised, unexemplified definition/conception, see The Nature of Critical Thinking. This could serve as a comprehensive outline for a critical thinking curriculum, or for the general aspects of "critical thinking across the curriculum". It also could serve as the basis for a table of specifications for varylng levels of critical thinking assessment. For considerably more elaboration and exemplification see Ennis' Critical Thinking, published by Prentice Hall, 1996.
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The Critical Thinking Co.™
"Critical thinking is the identification and evaluation of evidence to guide decision making. A critical thinker uses broad in-depth analysis of evidence to make decisions and communicate his/her beliefs clearly and accurately."
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The process of independently analyzing, synthesizing, and evaluating information as a guide to behavior and beliefs.
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Critical Thinking
The study of rational and coherent thinking, to solve problems
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At UNC, plagiarism is defined as “the deliberate or reckless representation of another’s words, thoughts, or ideas as one’s own without attribution in connection with submission of academic work, whether graded or otherwise.” (Instrument of Student Judicial Governance, Section II.B.1.). Because it is considered a form of cheating, the Office of the Dean of Students can punish students who plagiarize with course failure and suspension. Full information can be found on the UNC Honor System page.
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Plagiarism is defined as presenting someone else's work, including the work of other students, as one's own. Any ideas or materials taken from another source for either written or oral use must be fully acknowledged, unless the information is common knowledge. What is considered "common knowledge" may differ from course to course.
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- to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one's own
- to use (another's production) without crediting the source
- to commit literary theft
- to present as new and original an idea or product derived from an existing source
What is Plagiarism?
Many people think of plagiarism as copying another's work or borrowing someone else's original ideas. But terms like "copying" and "borrowing" can disguise the seriousness of the offense:
According to the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, to "plagiarize" means
In other words, plagiarism is an act of fraud. It involves both stealing someone else's work and lying about it afterward.
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Plagiarism
To take credit of the work from another person without proper citation.
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Digital Rights and Responsibilities are the "privileges and freedom extended to all digital technology users, and the behavioral expectations that come with them" (Ribble & Bailey, 2007). In other words, your students have the privilege and freedom to engage in technology use during school as well as at home. However, there are expectations that accompany the privileges and freedom to use technology. Students must act responsibly as they participate in the digital world.
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"In the digital world, users should expect that if they post information to a site (whether it is a poem, a picture, a song, or some other form of original research or creative expression), others will enjoy it without vandalizing it, passing it off as their own, or using it as a pretext to threaten or harass.
Being a full member in a digital society means that each user is afforded certain rights, and these rights should be provided equally to all members. Digital citizens also have certain responsibilities to this society; they must agree to live according to the parameters that are mutually agreed upon by members. These boundaries may come in the form of a responsible use policy. Users need to have a clear understanding of the behavior that is required of them to be members of the digital society.
When creating or publishing anything, users should be allowed to protect those works (or not) as they see fit. Digital citizens should have the right of ownership to their work.
Rights and responsibilities are sometimes difficult to define. There can be rights in a society only if there are also responsibilities. Users need to know the difference between what is possible for the individual and what should be done for the good of the group." (Digital Citizenship in Schools, ISTE, 2007)
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For social literacy, it will continue to change based on the society we’re living in. It’s about learning to be respectful to one another and being able to express our thoughts and emotions. It’s through nonverbal and verbal cues that students begin to learn about others around them.
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Traditionally we have focused on teaching students and individuals to improve their ‘social skills’ ‘communication skills’ ‘organization skills’. But in today’s fast changing society we must move from a rigid definition of social skills as conversation skills to a broader understanding of Social Literacy: an individual’s ability to successfully and deliberately mediate their world as family members, workers, citizens and lifelong learners.
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Social literacy
the skill to properly communicate through technology.
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“In higher education today the ability to become an independent learner is crucial. While tutors and other students can provide some support and encouragement, the independent learner has to provide the inner motivation and self-discipline. When you are at university or college, you will need to assume responsibility for your own learning because increasingly there is an emphasis in the educational sector on individuals.” (Payne and Whittacker 2006)
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By definition an independent learner is one, who in conjunction with relevant others, can make the decisions necessary to meet his own learning needs. This learner has the ability to obtain the knowledge necessary
in making responsible decisions and taking the proper action to become a positive self-reliant learner.
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Independing Learning
That you are self motivated to learn about something that you are interested
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The basic concepts and fundamental principles of decent human conduct. It includes study of universal values such as the essential equality of all men and women, human or natural rights, obedience to the law of land, concern for health and safety and, increasingly, also for the natural environment. See also morality.
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Ethics is a series of beliefs and principles held by a person or group about how to determine which human inter-actions they believe are right or wrong. These core beliefs are often interconnected and overlap with other value systems, religious views, legal systems, philosophies, social conventions and moral codes.
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The study of proper business policies and practices regarding potentially controversial issues, such as corporate governance, insider trading, bribery, discrimination, corporate social responsibility and fiduciary responsibilities. Business ethics are often guided by law, while other times provide a basic framework that businesses may choose to follow in order to gain public acceptance. 
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Ethics
Part of the philosophy that deals with morality of human acts, which allows qualifying them as good or bad.
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Academic integrity means honesty and responsibility in scholarship. Students and faculty alike must obey rules of honest scholarship, which means that all academic work should result from an individual's own efforts. Intellectual contributions from others must be consistently and responsibly acknowledged. Academic work completed in any other way is fraudulent.
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Digital Rights and Responsibilities
the human rights to be free to create, edit or use digital media or technology devices.
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- Creating and expressing your own ideas in course work;
- Acknowledging all sources of information;
- Completing assignments independently or acknowledging collaboration;
- Accurately reporting results when conducting your own research or with respect to labs;
- Honesty during examinations.
Academic Integrity is honest and responsible scholarship. As a student, you are expected to submit original work and give credit to other peoples' ideas. Maintaining your academic integrity involves:
Academic integrity is the foundation of university success. Learning how to express original ideas, cite sources, work independently, and report results accurately and honestly are skills that carry students beyond their academic career. Academic dishonesty not only cheats the student of valuable learning experiences, but can result in a failing grade on assignments, a failing grade in a course, or even expulsion from the university for the student.
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Academic Integrity
Academic integrity is the foundation on which academic life flourishes.
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Social networking is the grouping of individuals into specific groups, like small rural communities or a neighborhood subdivision, if you will. Although social networking is possible in person, especially in the workplace, universities, and high schools, it is most popular online.
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