Because the Nationalists were being aggressive towards the Communists, the only plausible solution was to flee from the attacks by the Koumintang.
Sean Lauterbach's List: Long March
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Apr 18, 12
The Chinese long march was a revolutionary event occurring in 1934. There were 100'000 soldiers from the Communist Army, or otherwise known as the Red Army, ready to march out of Jiangxi province. Having survived over two years and 6'000 miles, less than 10'000 of the once massive army had made it alive into Shaanxi province. This march had nearly destroyed the Communist Army retreating from Jiangxi. Despite the treacherous loss and great struggle, the Long March served as a beacon of light for the communists and inspired many to bring communist rule to China.
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Common Knowledge Explanation
The long march was an event that occured in 1934-1935. Mao Zedong and the commuists were being attacked by the Nationalists, so he rallied up 100'000 soldiers from the Red Army and marched to the other base, where he met up with the rest of the army, creating a formidable force against the Koumintang. Out of the 100'000 people during the march, only 10'000 made it alive. After the march the remaining Red Army met up with the other Communists at their base and together they regrouped and eventually defeated the Nationalists in a ten year struggle.
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Apr 19, 12
Trueman, Chris. "The Long March 1934 to 1935." History Learning Site. History Learning Site, 3 Dec. 2004. Web. 30 Apr. 2012.
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The Long March saved Mao Zedong and the Communist Party from the attacks by the Guomingdang. The Long March came about when the Chinese Communists had to flee a concerted Guomingdang attacked that had been ordered by Chiang Kai-shek.
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The Red Army started to Long March carrying whatever it could. 87,000 soldiers started the retreat carrying such items as typewriters, furniture, printing presses etc. They also took with them 33,000 guns and nearly 2 million ammunition cartridges. It took the Red Army 40 days to get through the blockhouses surrounding Jiangxi but no sooner had they done this than they were attacked at Xiang by the Guomindang. In the Battle of Xiang, the Red Army lost 45,000 men – over 50% of their fighting force.
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Satre, Debra. "The Long March 1934 to 1935." History Learning Site. 3 Mar. 2004. Web. 29 Apr. 2012.
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Because of all the equipment the army was forced to carry, it was greatly encumbered. Not only had they stacked up on artillery and ammo, they also carried typewriters, furniture and printing presses. Because of this, it took the Red Army 40 days to get through the city of Jiangxi, where they were attacked by the KMT. In this battle the Red Army had already lost 45'000 men. They had started out with 87'000
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Apr 19, 12
Szezepanski, Kallie. "What Was the Long March?" About.com Asian History. Web. 29
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The Chinese Communist forces were partially surrounded and trapped by the Nationalist Kuomintang, led by Chiang Kai-shek. Threatened with extermination by the better-led and more numerous Kuomintang, the Communists fled west and north.
From their base in Jiangxi Province, southern China, the Red Armies set out in October of 1934, and according to Mao, marched some 12,500 kilometers (about 8,000 miles). More recent estimates from Ed Jocelyn and Andrew McEwen's book The Long March put the distance at a much shorter but still impressive 6,000 km (3,700 miles). This estimate is based on measurements the two Britons made while retracing the route - a large arc that ended in Shaanxi Province.
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Because the Communists were surrounded and trapped by the KMT, they had no choice but to flee northwest. They started out from their base in Jiangxi and marched 12'500 kilometers, although it has also been said that the route was 6'000 kilometers.
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Once it was ensconced in the relative safety of the north, the combined Red Army was able to recover and rebuild itself, finally defeating the Nationalist forces more than a decade later, in 1949.
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After the long march, the Red Army met up with the rest of the CCP based in the north. Together, their combined forces beat the Nationalist forces 10 years later.
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Common Knowledge Significance
Having survived this treacherous event, and with countless casualties, the Communist Army escaping from the Koumintang seemed on the verge of defeat. The Long March is considered one of the greatest turning points in the history of the Chinese Communist Party, because not only had the survivors accomplished one of the greatest human feats ever achieved in the history of China, it had also altered Chinese history. It's significance was Mao Zedong's rise to power, thus eventually leading to the solidification of the Communist Party and shape it's future developments. The March also ensured the Communists stay as an opposing force in the Revolution. Had the remaining members of the Red Army and their leaders not succeeded in reaching the other base of the Chinese Communist Party, the CCP would have been completely annihilated, thus ending their eventually successful struggle for power in China.
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Apr 29, 12
Satre, Debra. "The Long March." : 1934-1935. 3 Mar. 2004. Web. 30 Apr. 2012.
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The Long March is considered one of the great turning points in the history of the Chinese Communist Party. The March itself became legendary, and its survivors were given credit for having accomplished one of the greatest human feats in the entire duration of the Chinese Communist Revolution. "The most famous episodes included the crossing of the Tatu River under a hail of enemy fire, making alliances with minority groups by drinking chicken blood, marching through inhospitable swamps without sufficient supplies, and promoting the revolutionary spirit against seemingly hopeless conditions" (Leung; 237).
The Long March is also extremely significant in that during its course, Mao Tse-tung was officially given leadership of the Chinese Communist Party, an event that would solidify the party and greatly shape its future development as the Revolution continued to unfold. In addition, the Long March was critical in that it ensured that the Chinese Communist Party would remain a contending force in the Revolution. Had the remaining members of the Red Army and their leaders not succeeded in reaching Shensi, the Chinese Communist Party would have been completely annihilated, thus ending their eventually successful struggle for power in China.
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After the successful march, history had bee made. Not only had one of the greatest human feats ever been accomplished, but it had led up to the victory of the Communists and the defeat of the Koumintang, with Mao Zedong as leader of the Chinese Communist Party.
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Apr 15, 12
There are many reason for the long march happening during 1934 and 1935. Poverty brought the revolution to its stand, injustice was typical since hundreds of years. Foreigner came to China and took unfair advantage of the Chinese. Emperors and empresses who ruled china lived in splendor and riches while taking little interest in the welfare of the common people. (11) The spark of the revolution began in 1905, when a man named Sun Yat-sen started an organization dedicated to reform and get rid of the imperial system with its emperors and empresses. They had managed to raise and army by 1911 and even managed to overthrow the last imperial dynasty of China. (11) In this time, Warlords begin trying to gain power and conquering pieces of terroitory. Sun Yat-Sen's party, now known as the Nationalist Party accepted the help of Communist Russia, which was eager to spread revolution to other countries. (12) When Sun Yat-Sen died in 1925, General Chiang Kai-shek became the leader of the nationalists and made it clear that he did want anything to do with the Communists. Chiang felt threated by the growing strength of the Communists, so he threw them out of the Party as well as executing them on sight. This is how the war between the Nationalists and Communists began. These events are all what led up to the Long March in 1934. (12)
Fritz, Jean, and Ed Young. China's Long March: 6,000 Miles of Danger. New York: Putnam, 1988. Print.
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Apr 18, 12
Had the Red Army not decided to go on the Long March, it would have not only been demolished by the Nationalists, but the very future of China would have been different. The Koumintang would have been the future rulers of China, and the future development of China could have been drastically altered. Who knows if the economy of China would have still thrived, had the Nationalists not lost against Mao Zedong and his opposing army. Maybe the Chinese would have had other views and another huge war could have broken out between China and the western countries. The Long March altered Chinese history and changed what it was and what it was to be forever.
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Apr 29, 12
Fritz, Jean, and Ed Young. China's Long March: 6,000 Miles of Danger.
New York: Putnam, 1988. Print.
Satre, Debra. "The Long March 1934 to 1935." History Learning Site.
3 Mar. 2004. Web. 29 Apr. 2012.
Szezepanski, Kallie. "What Was the Long March?"
About.com Asian History. Web. 29
Trueman, Chris. "The Long March 1934 to 1935." History Learning Site. History Learning Site,
3 Dec. 2004. Web. 30 Apr. 2012.
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