Patrick Munson's List: DGL Vocabulary

• The University Library of The University of Illinois defines digital literacy as:

   
   
  •   The ability to use digital technology, communication tools or networks to locate, evaluate, use and create information. ¹
   
  •   The ability to understand and use information in multiple formats from a wide range of sources when it is presented via computers. ²
   
  •   A person’s ability to perform tasks effectively in a digital environment... Literacy includes the ability to read and interpret media, to reproduce data and images through digital manipulation, and to evaluate and apply new knowledge gained from digital environments. ³

• Digital literacy is the ability to use information and communication technologies to find, evaluate, create, and communicate information requiring both cognitive and technical skills.

• As digital media become more important for communication, critical thinking and creativity it is imperative for our students to be digitally literate. Digital literacies imbricate with traditional literacies and require the ability to locate, assess, modify, remix and create with a variety of media forms. Students should understand the many unique rhetorics of new media types and be able to express their ideas and communicate in an increasingly open and collaborative digital world.

• The digital society is here, so what is digital citizenship? Just as we are citizens of a physical country, so are we citizens of the digital world. Just as we need to obey the laws, and not harm anyone, that same spirit exists in the digital world – and it impacts the physical world as well. The mean words and pictures that are posted online, can hurt people in their daily lives at school and in their community.

  
   

  But citizenship means more than behaving responsibly, it also means that we should be civically engaged: voting, keeping current and having our voice in political matters, and contributing to society. To this end, we need to get accurate information, and decide the verity of political messages that surround us. This same pro-active attitude and behavior also applies to the digital environment. Technology enables us to research significant social issues and to voice our opinions to a global audience.
   
   In short, digital citizenship means the ability to use technology safely, responsibly, critically, and pro-actively to contribute to society. 
  

• Basically, a digital citizen is anyone who uses digital tools such as computers, cell phones, or the internet in their work, school or for recreation.  Just like citizens of a city have to adopt rules and standards of behavior in order to live together, those of us in the digital world should do the same. 

• Digital Citizenship is a concept which helps teachers, technology leaders and parents to understand what students/children/technology users should know to use technology appropriately. Digital Citizenship is more than just a teaching tool; it is a way to prepare students/technology users for a society full of technology. Digital citizenship is the norms of appropriate, responsible technology use.  Too often we are seeing students as well as adults misusing and abusing technology but not sure what to do. The issue is more than what the users do not know but what is considered appropriate technology usage.

• digital identity

  The electronic representation of a real-world entity. The term is usually taken to mean the online equivalent of an individual human being, which participates in electronic transactions on behalf of the person in question. However a broader definition also assigns digital identities to organizations, companies and even individual electronic devices. Various complex questions of privacy, ownership and security surround the issue of digital identity.

• Digital identity refers to the aspect of digital technology that is concerned with the mediation of people's experience of their own identity and the identity of other people and things. Digital identity also has another common usage as the digital representation of a set of claims made by one digital subject about itself or another digital subject.

• There are a number of definitions pertaining to subjects, persons and identity itself:

   
   
  • Identity:  The fact of being what a person or a thing is, and the characteristics determining this.
   
   

  This definition of identity is quite different from the definition that conflates identity and “identifier” (e.g. kim@foo.bar being called an identity).  Without clearing up this confusion, nothing can be understood.   Claims are the way of communicating what a person or thing is – different from being that person or thing.  An identifier is one possible claim content.

   

  We also distinguish between a “natural person”, a “person”, and a “persona”, taking into account input from the legal and policy community:

   
   
  • Natural person:  A human being…
   
  • Person:  an entity recognized by the legal system.  In the context of eID, a person who can be digitally identified.
   
  • Persona:  A character deliberately assumed by a natural person
   
   

  A “subject” is much broader, including things like services:

   
   
  • Subject:  The consumer of a digital service (a digital representation of a natural or juristic person, persona, group, organization, software service or device) described through claims.
   
   

  And what about user?

   
   
  • User:  a natural person who is represented by a subject.
   
   

• Definition - What does   Digital Identity mean?

   

  A digital identity is an online or networked identity adopted or claimed in cyberspace by an individual, organization or electronic device. These users may also project more than one digital identity through multiple communities. In terms of digital identity management, key areas of concern are security and privacy.

• Techopedia explains Digital Identity

   

  Like its human counterpart, a digital identity is comprised of characteristics, or data attributes, such as the following:
• • Username and password
   
  • Online search activities, like electronic transactions
   
  • Date of birth
   
  • Social security number
   
  • Medical history
   
  • Purchasing history or behavior
• A digital identity is linked to one or more digital identifiers, like an email address, URL or domain name. Because identity theft is rampant on the Web, digital identity authentication and validation measures are critical to ensuring Web and network infrastructure security in the public and private sectors.  

     

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• Digital Safety and Security (self-protection): this issue relates to a person's well-being and safety online, technically meaning on the computer and on the internet. Also what precautions could be taken to prevent one from any possible dangers on the internet. The internet is open to everyone, those who are friendly and innocent and others who's intentions are not as clear. As all people, whom ever they may be can access a site or blog online, there really is a limited amount of things that are viewed as acceptable online. Most of us today consider being safe as surrounding yourself with others, locking your doors at night, keeping treasured items in safes, however when it comes to being safe online these things are not available, and so one protects themselves by remembering to not share all their personal information such as their whereabouts and phone numbers. By following only the guidelines above and possibly a few more, each one of us can be digital citizens.
  

• The protection of data, networks and computing power. The protection of data (information security) is the most important. The protection of networks is important to prevent loss of server resources as well as to protect the network from being used for illegal purposes. The protection of computing power is relevant only to expensive machines such as large supercomputers.
• Method of protecting information, computer programs, and other computer system assets.
  Hardware security, which is the security of computer assets and capital equipment, refers to computer location, access control, fire protection, and storage procedures.
  Such measures as badges, electronic identification keys, alarm systems, and physical barriers at entries are used for this purpose.
• Software security entails the protection of software assets such as application programs, the operating system , and the data base management system and stored information. Special user numbers and passwords are typically used to prevent unauthorized access to software and data. In addition to security for hardware and software, good internal control also requires that measures be taken to prevent loss or accidental destruction of data.
• The protection resulting from all measures to deny unauthorized access and exploitation of friendly computer systems. Also called COMPUSEC.

• Computer security is information security as applied to computers and networks.

   

  The field covers all the processes and mechanisms by which computer-based equipment, information and services are protected from unintended or unauthorized access, change or destruction. Computer security also includes protection from unplanned events and natural disasters.

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• Critical thinking is the intellectually disciplined process of actively and skillfully conceptualizing, applying, analyzing, synthesizing, and/or evaluating information gathered from, or generated by, observation, experience, reflection, reasoning, or communication, as a guide to belief and action. In its exemplary form, it is based on universal intellectual values that transcend subject matter divisions: clarity, accuracy, precision, consistency, relevance, sound evidence, good reasons, depth, breadth, and fairness.

• 
   Critical Thinking Talking Points 

• (Half-Baked) Opinions vs. Reasoned Judgments 

   "Facts" vs. Persuasive Interpretations

• 
   Definition of Critical Thinking: 

   Good critical thinking is skillful and responsible thinking in which you study the problem from all angles, and then exercise your best judgment to draw conclusions.

• 
   Good critical thinking has five important components: 
• 1) skillful--you apply skill in the form of knowledge of your subject matter to the thinking process.
• 2) responsible--critical thinking is a public, not a private act. The arguments you produce contribute to a larger discourse--the discourse of American studies scholarship, or scholarship or criticism about suburbia.
• 3) relies on sound criteria for making judgments. A good critical thinker thinks explicitly about why she has drawn her conclusions--and lists the reasons for her conclusions.
   a. Not just what your judgement is but why you have formed it
• 4) develops a presentation that is sensitive to context--that respects the way things are done in that particular field and presents conclusions in the manner appropriate to the field.
   a. civil, reasoned debate
   b. using concepts from American studies scholarship
   c. writing polished analyses, using excellent argumentative technique, and using good basic html to mount projects on the web
• 5) self-correcting--a good critical thinker is constantly trying to improve his thinking, like the track athlete always striving to improve his best time.
   a. monitor your thinking process
   b. solicit and use feedback from others
   c. internalize the ability to critique your own work  
  
  

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• Copyright refers to laws that regulate the use of the work of a creator, such as an artist or author. This includes copying, distributing, altering and displaying creative, literary and other types of work. Unless otherwise stated in a contract, the author or creator of a work retains the copyright.

    

  For a copyright to apply to a work, it must be an original idea that is put to use. The idea alone cannot be protected by copyright. It is the physical use of that idea, such as an illustration or a written novel, that is covered under copyright law.

• What is Copyright?

   

  Copyright is a form of protection provided by the laws of the United States (Title 17, U.S. Code) to the authors of “original works of scholarship,” including literary, dramatic, musical, artistic, and certain other intellectual works. This protection is available to both published and unpublished works. (Copyright Basics, p.1)

   

  Copyright is secured automatically when a work is created; no publication, registration, or use of a copyright notice is required. Copyright registration is a legal formality that serves to make public the details of a particular copyright.

   

  Holders of copyright for written works have the exclusive right to

   
   
  • reproduce copies of a work,
   
  • prepare derivative works based on a work,
   
  • distribute copies to the public, and
   
  • transfer copyright to someone else.

• Copyright:

   

  A form  of protection provided by the laws of the United States for "original works  of authorship", including literary, dramatic, musical, architectural, cartographic,  choreographic, pantomimic, pictorial, graphic, sculptural, and audiovisual  creations.   "Copyright" literally means the right to copy but has come to mean that body  of exclusive rights granted by law to copyright owners for protection of their  work. Copyright protection does not extend to any idea, procedure, process,  system, title, principle, or discovery. Similarly, names, titles, short phrases,  slogans, familiar symbols, mere variations of typographic ornamentation, lettering,  coloring, and listings of contents or ingredients are not subject to copyright.

• In an instructional setting, plagiarism occurs when a writer deliberately uses someone else’s language, ideas, or other original (not common-knowledge) material without acknowledg­ing its source.

   

    This definition applies to texts published in print or on-line, to manuscripts, and to the work of other student writers.

   

    Most current discussions of plagiarism fail to distinguish between:

   
   
  1.   submitting someone else’s text as one’s own or attempting to blur the line between one’s own ideas or words and those borrowed from another source, and
   
  2.   carelessly or inadequately citing ideas and words borrowed from another source.

• plagiarism definitions

• University  Definition of Scholastic Dishonesty

   

  The  University of Minnesota's Student  Conduct Code classifies scholastic dishonesty as a disciplinary  offense actionable by the University. Scholastic Dishonesty  is defined as

   

   
• “Submission  of false records of academic achievement; cheating on assignments  or examinations; plagiarizing; altering, forging, or misusing  a University academic record; taking, acquiring, or using  test materials without faculty permission; acting alone  or in cooperation with another to falsify records or to  obtain dishonestly grades, honors, awards, or professional  endorsement.”

• Definitions  of Plagiarism from Non-University Sources

   

  The  following are definitions and illustrations of plagiarism  from selected handbooks available to accompany writing courses  and writing-intensive courses. Students should ask instructors  to recommend handbooks appropriate to specific disciplines;  some professional organizations (e.g., IEEE in engineering and  the Associated Press) have their own style guides with more  definitions and illustrations.

   

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