Pannir selvam's List: Planta de energia

planta e energia

1. Biodigestor rural vinil biogás lona biofertilizante adubo liquido

CO-shift
The processes described above produce gas with a high content of carbon monoxide – CO. It is therefore necessary to put the gas through the CO-shift process to increase the content of hydrogen. The shift reaction (see sidebar) is a two-step process to achieve the most complete reaction between CO and steam. Initially steam is added in a high-temperature step (300-500ºC), followed by a a low-temperature step (200ºC), with different catalysts in the two steps.

Separation of CO2
Each of the processes described above produces CO2 in addition to H2. To separate hydrogen and CO2, it is common to use amine based absorption processes. This is conventional technology. Methods based on selective membranes or sorbents are under development.

Patent number: 5658681
Filing date: Sep 27, 1995
Issue date: Aug 19, 1997
Abstract
A fuel cell power generation system including a reforming reactor for reacting a fuel with water to produce a hydrogen-rich reformed gas including carbon monoxide; a CO shift reactor for carrying out a CO shift reaction to decrease the concentration of carbon monoxide in the reformed gas;...
About this patent

apspenplus SOFC

"ile solar PV based captive power generation is in its infancy, there are specific market segments which have clean pain points that could be addressed well by solar PV. As a result, these segments are likely to have a much higher adoption of solar PV for captive power generation
Solar PV is most cost competitive as a replacement for diesel-based power production. India has about 7,000 MW of diesel based power production in MW scales alone, with hundreds of thousands of diesel gensets used in diverse commercial locations from over 2,50,000 mobile telecom towers to over 5 million diesel based agricultural pump sets, and with tens of thousands of companies and industries using it for power generation from small kW to hundreds of kWs
Grid-tied solar PV systems are the most common systems used in captive power production in India. The use of diesel solar hybrids is growing; however, the growth in use of wind-solar hybrid systems has much slower than expected, owing primarily to performance issues with micro wind turbines
It costs about Rs. 80,000-1,00,000 per kW for setting up a captive solar PV system without battery storage and about 30-50% more for a system with batteries depending on the hours of autonomy
There are a number of established companies that can take up turnkey implementation of captive solar PV systems; in addition, there are dozens of small players operating in this market, with this number expected to increase dramatically in the near future
The National Solar Mission has a special section of incentives for offgrid solar power production, with incentives in the form of capital subsidies. In addition, captive solar power plants can also avail accelerated depreciation benefits
Set as a replacement for diesel power generation, captive solar PV power plants provide attractive equity IRRs and equity payback periods, under typical financing patterns
Until now, the most preferred route for captive solar PV has been the corporate financing route. However, with the expected large scale adoption of captive solar PV power plants, it can be expected that both project finance and asset finance routes to come into vogue as well
There are over a hundred installations of small scale solar PV based captive power generation, adding to about 2.4 MW of total capacity. Learnings from the existing power plants are only emerging and one can expect significant insights from these as their numbers increase within the next few years"