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Nindji Trenou's List: DGL vocabulary

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       Viral-video-8ae6d16547 
        
       
       
       
       
       

      A viral video is a video that becomes popular through the process of Internet sharing, typically through video sharing websites, social media and email. Viral videos often contain humorous content and include televised comedy sketches, such as The Lonely Island's "Lazy Sunday" and "Dick in a Box", Numa Numa videos, The Evolution of Dance, Chocolate Rain on YouTube; and web-only productions such as I Got a Crush... on Obama. Some eyewitness events have also been caught on video and have "gone viral" such as the Battle at Kruger. More recently the video by Invisible Children, Inc. named Kony 2012 became the most viral video in history with over 32,000,000 views within its first week since its upload on 5 March 2012 and has been viewed more than 90,000,000 times as of 13 June 2012.

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        database

         
         
         
            
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        database

        )(1) Often abbreviated DB. A collection of information organized in such a way that a computer program can quickly select desired pieces of data. You can think of a database as an electronic filing system.

         

        Traditional databases are organized by fields, records, and files. A field is a single piece of information; a record is one complete set of fields; and a file is a collection of records. For example, a telephone book is analogous to a file. It contains a list of records, each of which consists of three fields: name, address, and telephone number.

         

        An alternative concept in database design is known as Hypertext. In a Hypertext database, any object, whether it be a piece of text, a picture, or a film, can be linkedto any other object. Hypertext databases are particularly useful for organizing large amounts of disparate information, but they are not designed for numerical analysis.

         

        To access information from a database, you need a database management system (DBMS). This is a collection of programs that enables you to enter, organize, and select data in a database.

         

        (2) Increasingly, the term database is used as shorthand for database management system.

         

  • Aug 07, 13

    "Conceptualizing moral literacy
    Nancy Tuana
    Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
    Abstract
    Purpose
    – The purpose of this research is to provide an overview of the fundamental elements of
    moral literacy. Moral literacy involves three basic components: ethics sensitivity; ethical reasoning
    skills; and moral imagination. It is the contention of the author that though math and reading literacy
    is highly valued by the American educational system, moral literacy is extremely undervalued and
    under-developed.
    Design/methodology/approach
    – In this study the author uses her vast knowledge of moral
    literacy to break the subject matter into specific and defined sub-categories. She then explains each
    sub-category explicitly using real-life examples to assist the reader in understanding the gravity and
    meaning behind each separate facet of moral literacy.
    Findings
    – Moral literacy is a skill that must be crafted and honed by students, and with the aid of
    teachers who are well-versed in moral subject matter. It is a complex and multifaceted skill set that is
    interconnected and must therefore be learned completely in order to be used properly. Teaching
    students about moral literacy is truly necessary if schools wish to produce productive and responsible
    citizens.
    Originality/value
    – The study furthers our understanding of moral literacy and how it can play an
    absolutely vital role in our educational system. The paper not only explains what moral literacy is on a
    theoretical level, but it puts that theory into specific examples so that the reader can more clearly
    understand the benefits of acting in a morally literate fashion.
    Keywords
    Ethics, Imagination, Communities, Social values
    Paper type
    Research paper
    Christine Pelton, a biology teacher at Piper High School near Kansas City, discovered
    that almost twenty percent of her students had plagiarized their semester projects
    (
    CNN Student News
    ). Two Hartford Union High School students were charged last
    October with making a bomb threat causing the high school to be evacuated and
    classes cancelled (Benson, 2006). Roy Espiritu and Cameron Johnston died from
    drowning when the car Espiritu was driving skidded out of control and crashed
    through a sea wall into Elliott Bay. Seventeen year old Espiritu had just left a party
    where he was seen drinking (
    Seattle Post-Intelligencer
    , 2006)."

      • Definition of academic integrity

         
         

        Academic integrity means honesty and responsibility in scholarship. Students and faculty alike must obey rules of honest scholarship, which means that all academic work should result from an individual's own efforts. Intellectual contributions from others must be consistently and responsibly acknowledged. Academic work completed in any other way is fraudulent.  

         
           

         University of Illinois resources on academic integrity

         
         

        The  Office for the Vice Chancellor of Research provides guidelines for academic integrity in teaching, research, service, coursework, research and publication, as well as information on intellectual property. The Graduate College Handbook of Policy and Requirements for Students, Faculty and Staff outlines several resources on academic integrity and intellectual property. The  Policy & Procedures on Academic Integrity in Research & Publication from the Office of the Vice President for Academic Affairs articulates official University policy on academic integrity in research and publication and describes procedures for impartial fact-finding and fair adjudication of allegations of academic misconduct. The  Academic Staff Handbook Chapter 5: Research and Teaching provides guidelines from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign faculty senate related to activities involved in teaching, in acquiring and using data in the course of conducting research, in authoring scholarly publications, and in interacting professionally with other individuals on this campus and elsewhere.

         

         Definition of plagiarism

         
         

        Plagiarism is using others' ideas and/or words without clearly acknowledging the source of that information. It may be intentional (e.g., copying or purchasing papers from an online source) or unintentional (e.g., failing to give credit for an author's ideas that you have paraphrased or summarized in your own words). The  Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research also provides guidelines for University of Illinois students.

         

         Resources on plagiarism

         
         

        Plagiarism is dishonest and prevents instructors from being able to assess students' authentic strengths and weaknesses and thereby help students to improve. It is crippling to your intellectual progress as it interferes with your ability to trust your own thinking, and it constipates future creative thinking. It is also an infraction of academic integrity and could result in expulsion from the university. The University of Illinois student code defines all types of plagiarism:  Article 1, Section 4(d) of the student code.

          

         Unintentional vs. intentional plagiarism

         
         

         Unintentional plagiarism: Research-based writing in American institutions is filled with rules that beginning writers may not be aware of or don't know how to follow. Many of these rules have to do with research and proper citation. Sometimes you may not be sure what needs to be cited and what doesn't. Here are some guides to help you understand how to acknowledge sources properly and avoid plagiarism.

         

         Intentional plagiarism: It may seem easy and harmless to copy and paste sections from articles or papers found online to fill an assignment. You should keep in mind, however, that although such behavior may seem harmless, it actually degrades the quality of education that you are receiving and devalues the degree that you are working toward. Plagiarism is also not difficult for a professor to discover through search engines and guides like  www.turnitin.com, and may be cause for expulsion from the university.

         

        If you are not confident with your own writing abilities, there are resources available.  Ask a Librarian about finding academic sources on your topic of research and/or visit  The Writers' Workshop, which provides free writing assistance for University of Illinois students, faculty, and staff from all disciplines and at all stages in the writing process.

         

         Learn more

         
         
         
    • &lt;form method="get" id="ref-search-box" action="#" onsubmit="return doReferenceSearch(this);" class="search-box-no-focus"><div><br/> <span id="selection"></span><br/> </div><br/>&lt;/form><br/>&lt;script type="text/javascript"><br/>// <-- /><br/>&lt;/script><br/> <div class="definition"><br/> &lt;script type="text/javascript"><br/><br/>// This method updates the status of the saved words display.<br/>function updateMySavedWordsDisplay (data)<br/> { if ( typeof(FB) != 'undefined' && typeof(FB.curr_user) !== 'undefined' && FB.curr_user.access_token != null )<br/> { var script = document.createElement('script');<br/> script.type = 'text/javascript';<br/> script.src = 'http://stats.merriam-webster.com/my-saved-words/app.php?action=words.in_list&word=/dictionary/collaborate&success=onUpdateMySavedWords&failure=onMySavedWordsError&uid=' + escape(FB.curr_user.uid) + '&access_token=' + escape(FB.curr_user.access_token);<br/> document.getElementById('my-saved-words').appendChild(script); <br/> }<br/> else<br/> { updateMySavedWords('my-saved-words', -1, '');<br/> };<br/> };<br/><br/>// This function handles the action of adding a word<br/>function onAddedToMySavedWords (data)<br/> { updateMySavedWords('my-saved-words', 1, data.content.word);<br/> };<br/><br/>// This function handles words which couldn't be savd.<br/>function onMySavedWordsAddError (data)<br/> { alert("Sorry, your word wasn't saved. Please try reloading this page and saving the word again."); <br/> };<br/><br/>// This function handles all My Saved Words error messages.<br/>function onMySavedWordsError (data)<br/> { updateMySavedWords('my-saved-words', -1, data.content.word);<br/> };<br/><br/>// This function updates the My Saved Words content.<br/>function onUpdateMySavedWords (data)<br/> { updateMySavedWords('my-saved-words', data.social_id == 'null' ? -1 : (data.content.exists == 1 ? 1 : 0), data.content.word); <br/> };<br/><br/>// This function saves a word to the My Saved Words list.<br/>function saveToMySavedWords ()<br/> { var node = document.createElement('script');<br/> node.type = 'text/javascript';<br/> node.src = 'http://stats.merriam-webster.com/my-saved-words/app.php?action=words.save&word=/dictionary/collaborate&success=onAddedToMySavedWords&failure=onMySavedWordsAddError&uid=' + escape(FB.curr_user.uid) + '&access_token=' + escape(FB.curr_user.access_token); <br/> //alert(node.src);<br/> document.getElementById('my-saved-words').appendChild(node); <br/><br/> // Make the cookie "permanent."<br/> var exdate=new Date();<br/> exdate.setDate(exdate.getDate() + (400 * 40));<br/> var c_value=escape('yes') + "; expires="+exdate.toUTCString();<br/> document.cookie='my_saved_words_seen' + "=" + c_value;<br/><br/> // Track the click.<br/> var url = 'http://www.merriam-webster.com/my-saved-words/dictionary/starclick/save/collaborate';<br/> _gaq.push(['_trackPageview', url]);<br/><br/> return;<br/> };<br/><br/>// This function saves a word to the My Saved Words list.<br/>function deleteFromMySavedWords (container, word)<br/> { if ( FB.curr_user.uid == null ) return;<br/> var node = document.createElement('script');<br/> node.type = 'text/javascript';<br/> node.src = 'http://stats.merriam-webster.com/my-saved-words/app.php?action=words.delete&word[]=' + word + '&success=updateMySavedWordsDisplay&failure=updateMySavedWordsDisplay&uid=' + escape(FB.curr_user.uid) + '&access_token=' + escape(FB.curr_user.access_token)<br/> container.appendChild(node);<br/><br/> // Track the click.<br/> var url = 'http://www.merriam-webster.com/my-saved-words/dictionary/starclick/unsave/collaborate';<br/> _gaq.push(['_trackPageview', url]);<br/><br/> return;<br/> };<br/><br/>// This method updates the display of the My Saved Words view.<br/>function updateMySavedWords (id, which, word)<br/> { var no_homograph_tip = !document.getElementById('homograph-tool-tip');<br/><br/> // The word is already saved.<br/> if ( which == 1 )<br/> { document.getElementById(id).innerHTML = '';<br/><br/> var node = document.createElement('a');<br/> node.word = word;<br/> node.className = 'my_saved_words_link';<br/> node.href = "/my-saved-words/manage-list.htm";<br/> node.style.display = 'block';<br/> node.style.padding = '0 0 0 0'; <br/> node.style.margin = '0 0 0 -4px';<br/> node.onclick = function () { return my_words_logged_in(function() { document.location = '/my-saved-words/manage-list.htm'; }); };<br/> node.onmouseover = function () { var elm = document.getElementById('popularity-info'); if ( elm ) { elm.style.display = 'none'; if ( document.getElementById('homograph-tool-tip') ) { document.getElementById('homograph-tool-tip').style.display = 'none'; }; };};<br/> node.innerHTML = 'Saved';<br/> document.getElementById(id).appendChild(node);<br/><br/> node = document.createElement('a');<br/> node.className = 'my_saved_words_icon';<br/> node.word = word;<br/> node.href = '#';<br/> node.onclick = function () { deleteFromMySavedWords(this.parentNode, this.word); return false; };<br/> node.onmouseover = function () { var elm = document.getElementById('popularity-info'); if ( elm ) { elm.style.display = 'none'; if ( document.getElementById('homograph-tool-tip') ) { document.getElementById('homograph-tool-tip').style.display = 'none'; }; };};<br/> node.innerHTML = '<img src="/images/my-saved-words/saved.gif" />'; <br/> node.style.display = 'block';<br/> node.style.margin = '2px 0 0 0'; <br/> node.style.width = '40px;' <br/> document.getElementById(id).appendChild(node); <br/> <br/> // Make the cookie "permanent."<br/> var exdate=new Date();<br/> exdate.setDate(exdate.getDate() + (400 * 40));<br/> var c_value=escape('yes') + "; expires="+exdate.toUTCString();<br/> document.cookie='my_saved_words_seen' + "=" + c_value;<br/> }<br/><br/> // Show the login bubble.<br/> else if ( which == -1 )<br/> { document.getElementById(id).innerHTML = '';<br/><br/> node = document.createElement('a'); <br/> node.className = 'my_saved_words_link';<br/> node.word = word;<br/> node.href = '#';<br/> node.innerHTML = 'Save';<br/> node.onclick = function () { showFBLogin(saveToMySavedWords); return false; };<br/> node.onmouseover = function () { document.getElementById('my_saved_words_notice').style.display = 'block'; var elm = document.getElementById('popularity-info'); if ( elm ) { elm.style.display = 'none'; }; if ( document.getElementById('homograph-tool-tip') ) { document.getElementById('homograph-tool-tip').style.display = 'none'; }; };<br/> node.style.display = 'block';<br/> document.getElementById(id).appendChild(node);<br/><br/> node = document.createElement('a');<br/> node.className = 'my_saved_words_icon';<br/> node.word = word;<br/> node.href = word;<br/> node.onclick = function () { showFBLogin(saveToMySavedWords); return false; };<br/> node.onmouseover = function () { document.getElementById('my_saved_words_notice').style.display = 'block'; var elm = document.getElementById('popularity-info'); if ( elm ) { elm.style.display = 'none'; }; if ( document.getElementById('homograph-tool-tip') ) { document.getElementById('homograph-tool-tip').style.display = 'none'; }; };<br/> node.innerHTML = '<img src="/images/my-saved-words/save.gif" />'; <br/> node.style.display = 'block';<br/> node.style.margin = '-2px 0 1px 4px';<br/> node.style.padding = '0 0 0 0';<br/> node.style.width = '40px';<br/> document.getElementById(id).appendChild(node); <br/><br/> node = document.createElement('div');<br/> node.className = 'notice';<br/> node.id = 'my_saved_words_notice';<br/> node.innerHTML = '';<br/> if ( no_homograph_tip && !/(^|;\s*)my_saved_words_seen=/.test(document.cookie) )<br/> { var exdate=new Date();<br/> exdate.setDate(exdate.getDate() + 7);<br/> var c_value=escape('yes') + "; expires="+exdate.toUTCString();<br/> document.cookie='my_saved_words_seen' + "=" + c_value;<br/> node.style.display = 'block'; <br/> }<br/> else<br/> { node.onmouseout = function () { this.style.display = 'none'; };<br/> };<br/> node.innerHTML = '<a rel="nofollow" href="#" style="position: absolute; margin-left: 263px; margin-top: -6px;" id="my_saved_words_close_button" class="close-window"><img src="http://stats.merriam-webster.com/images/popularity/close-window.jpg" /></a>';<br/> <br/> node.innerHTML += '<strong>Save this word to your Favorites.</strong><br />If you\'re logged into Facebook, you\'re ready to go.';<br/> node.clear = function () <br/> { /**<br/><br/> // Removed 08-31-2012 to place close button back in per request.<br/> if ( document.getElementById('my_saved_words_close_button') ) <br/> { document.getElementById('my_saved_words_close_button').style.display = 'none'; <br/> }; <br/> this.onmouseout = function () <br/> { this.style.display = 'none'; <br/> }; <br/> **/<br/> };<br/> document.getElementById(id).appendChild(node);<br/> }<br/><br/> // The user hasn't saved this word yet.<br/> else<br/> { document.getElementById(id).innerHTML = '';<br/><br/> node = document.createElement('a');<br/> node.className = 'my_saved_words_link';<br/> node.word = word;<br/> node.href = '#';<br/> node.onclick = function () { saveToMySavedWords(); return false; };<br/> node.onmouseover = function () { document.getElementById('my_saved_words_notice').style.display = 'block'; var elm = document.getElementById('popularity-info'); if ( elm ) { elm.style.display = 'none'; }; };<br/> node.innerHTML = 'Save';<br/> node.style.display = 'block';<br/> document.getElementById(id).appendChild(node);<br/><br/> node = document.createElement('a');<br/> node.word = word;<br/> node.href = '#';<br/> node.className = 'my_saved_words_icon';<br/> node.onclick = function () { saveToMySavedWords(); return false; };<br/> node.innerHTML = '<img src="/images/my-saved-words/save.gif" />'; <br/> node.onmouseover = function () { document.getElementById('my_saved_words_notice').style.display = 'block'; var elm = document.getElementById('popularity-info'); if ( elm ) { elm.style.display = 'none'; }; if ( document.getElementById('homograph-tool-tip') ) { document.getElementById('homograph-tool-tip').style.display = 'none'; }; };<br/> node.style.display = 'block';<br/> node.style.margin = '-2px 0 1px 0'; <br/> node.style.width = '40px';<br/> document.getElementById(id).appendChild(node);<br/><br/> node = document.createElement('div');<br/> node.id = 'my_saved_words_notice';<br/> node.className = 'notice';<br/> node.innerHTML = ''; <br/> if ( no_homograph_tip && !/(^|;\s*)my_saved_words_seen=/.test(document.cookie) )<br/> { var exdate=new Date();<br/> exdate.setDate(exdate.getDate() + 7);<br/> var c_value=escape('yes') + "; expires="+exdate.toUTCString();<br/> document.cookie='my_saved_words_seen' + "=" + c_value;<br/> node.style.display = 'block'; <br/> node.innerHTML = '<a rel="nofollow" href="#" style="position: absolute; margin-left: 263px; margin-top: -6px;" id="my_saved_words_close_button" class="close-window"><img src="http://stats.merriam-webster.com/images/popularity/close-window.jpg" /></a>';<br/> }<br/> else<br/> { node.onmouseout = function () { this.style.display = 'none'; };<br/> };<br/> node.innerHTML += '<strong>Save this word to your Favorites.</strong><br />If you\'re logged into Facebook, you\'re ready to go.';<br/> node.clear = function () { if ( document.getElementById('my_saved_words_close_button') ) { document.getElementById('my_saved_words_close_button').style.display = 'none'; }; this.onmouseout = function () { this.style.display = 'none'; }; };<br/> document.getElementById(id).appendChild(node); <br/> }; <br/> }; <br/><br/>&lt;/script><br/><style type="text/css"><br/>#mwEntryData div.headword<br/>{ padding-right: 60px; /** Prevent My Saved Words Star from appearing over headword, function label, and pron text. **/<br/>}<br/>#my-saved-words div.notice<br/>{ border: solid 1px #d10f1e;<br/> background: white;<br/> font-family: arial, verdana, sans-serif;<br/> line-height: 17px;<br/> padding: 10px;<br/> font-size: 10px;<br/> display: none;<br/> position: absolute;<br/> z-index: 999;<br/>}<br/>#my-saved-words div.notice<br/>{ font-size: 12px;<br/> line-height: 17px;<br/> margin: 3px 0 0 -192px;<br/> text-align: left;<br/> width: 270px;<br/>}<br/>#my-saved-words:hover div.notice<br/>{ display: block; 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padding: 0px; width: 40px;" class="my_saved_words_icon"><img src="/images/my-saved-words/save.gif"></a><div id="my_saved_words_notice" class="notice"><a rel="nofollow" href="#" style="position: absolute; margin-left: 263px; margin-top: -6px;" id="my_saved_words_close_button" class="close-window"><img src="http://stats.merriam-webster.com/images/popularity/close-window.jpg"></a><strong>Save this word to your Favorites.</strong><br>If you're logged into Facebook, you're ready to go.</div></div><br/><style type="text/css"><br/>div.popularity-score<br/>{ float: right; <br/> font-family: arial, verdana, sans-serif;<br/> font-size: 12pt;<br/> font-weight: normal;<br/> margin-top: -5px;<br/> padding-right: 0px;<br/> padding-top: 5px; <br/> text-align: left;<br/>}<br/>div.popularity-score img<br/>{ vertical-align: bottom;<br/>}<br/>div.popularity-score a span<br/>{ color: #0a0a0a;<br/>}<br/>div.popularity-score a span em<br/>{ color: #0000ee; <br/> font-style: normal;<br/> font-weight: bold;<br/>}<br/>div.popularity-score p a<br/>{ text-decoration: underline;<br/>}<br/>div.popularity-score a,<br/>div.popularity-score a img<br/>{ text-decoration: none;<br/>}<br/>#popularity-info<br/>{ font-size: 10pt;<br/> line-height: 17px;<br/> margin: 7px 0 0 -233px;<br/> padding: 10px 0 0 0;<br/> text-align: left;<br/> width: 290px;<br/>}<br/>#popularity-info p<br/>{ font-size: 12px;<br/> margin: 0 10px 10px 10px;<br/>}<br/>#popularity-info p.heading<br/>{ padding-right: 8px;<br/>}<br/>div.popularity-score a img.gauge<br/>{ margin: 0 5px 0 0;<br/>}<br/>div.popularity-score a img.movement-arrow<br/>{ margin: 0 3px 0 0;<br/> padding: 0;<br/>}<br/>div.popularity-score a.close-window<br/>{ display: block;<br/> margin: -10px 0 0 263px;<br/> padding: 0;<br/> position: absolute;<br/> z-index: 999;<br/>}<br/>div.popularity-score a.close-window img<br/>{ margin: 0;<br/> padding: 0;<br/>}<br/>div.popularity-score .title<br/>{ color: #2965c7;<br/> font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;<br/> font-size: 10px;<br/> display: block;<br/> margin: 0;<br/> padding: 0;<br/>}<br/>div.popularity-score .meter-image<br/>{ margin: 0;<br/> padding: 0 0 0 12px;<br/>}<br/>div.popularity-score .meter-image a<br/>{ margin: 0;<br/> padding: 0;<br/>}<br/>#homograph-tool-tip<br/>{ background: white; 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width: 75px;"><iframe name="f70fb6607d0726" title="Like this content on Facebook." id="f1884d3993f2562" style="border: medium none; overflow: hidden; height: 20px; width: 75px;" src="http://www.facebook.com/plugins/like.php?api_key=178450008855735&amp;locale=en_US&amp;sdk=joey&amp;channel_url=http%3A%2F%2Fstatic.ak.facebook.com%2Fconnect%2Fxd_arbiter.php%3Fversion%3D26%23cb%3Df22f326f17230a6%26origin%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.merriam-webster.com%252Ff1f0fa4562ca7d%26domain%3Dwww.merriam-webster.com%26relation%3Dparent.parent&amp;href=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fcollaborate&amp;node_type=link&amp;width=90&amp;layout=button_count&amp;colorscheme=light&amp;show_faces=false&amp;send=false&amp;extended_social_context=false" scrolling="no" class="fb_ltr"></iframe></span></fb:like></div></div><h2 class="def-header"><span>Definition of <em>COLLABORATE</em></span></h2><div class="sblk"><div class="snum">1</div><div class="scnt"><span class="ssens"> <strong>:</strong> to work jointly with others or together especially in an intellectual endeavor </span></div></div><div class="sblk"><div class="snum">2</div><div class="scnt"><span class="ssens"> <strong>:</strong> to cooperate with or willingly assist an enemy of one's country and especially an occupying force </span></div></div><div class="sblk"><div class="snum">3</div><div class="scnt"><span class="ssens"> <strong>:</strong> to cooperate with an agency or instrumentality with which one is not immediately connected </span></div><div class="r">— <strong>col·lab·o·ra·tion</strong> <input type="button" title="Listen to the pronunciation of collaboration" class="au"><span class="pr">\-<span class="unicode">ˌ</span>la-bə-<span class="unicode">ˈ</span>rā-shən\</span> <em>noun</em> </div><div class="r">— <strong>col·lab·o·ra·tive</strong> <input type="button" title="Listen to the pronunciation of collaborative" class="au"><span class="pr">\-<span class="unicode">ˈ</span>la-bə-<span class="unicode">ˌ</span>rā-tiv, -b(ə-)rə-\</span> <em>adjective or noun</em> </div><div class="r">— <strong>col·lab·o·ra·tive·ly</strong> <input type="button" title="Listen to the pronunciation of collaboratively" class="au"><span class="pr">\-lē\</span> <em>adverb</em> </div><div class="r">— <strong>col·lab·o·ra·tor</strong> <input type="button" title="Listen to the pronunciation of collaborator" class="au"><span class="pr">\-<span class="unicode">ˈ</span>la-bə-<span class="unicode">ˌ</span>rā-tər\</span> <em>noun</em></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
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div.diigotb-btn.actived{<br/> background: transparent url('chrome://diigotb/skin/ann-bar-opt-current.png') no-repeat!important;<br/>}<br/> <br/>.diigotb-image-border{<br/> border:1px solid #666 !important;<br/>}<br/> <br/>#diigotb-imagepanel{<br/> height:22px!important;<br/> position: absolute!important;<br/> z-index:11000022!important;<br/> margin:0!important;<br/>}<br/><br/>#diigotb-imagepanel .diigotb-btn{<br/> cursor:pointer!important;<br/> width:20px!important;<br/> height:20px!important;<br/> margin:2px!important;<br/> float:left !important;<br/> background:transparent url(chrome://diigotb/skin/save-image-action-icons.png) no-repeat scroll!important;<br/>} <br/> <br/> <br/>#diigotb-imagepanel #diigotb-quick-save{<br/> background-position:0 0!important;<br/>}<br/> <br/>#diigotb-imagepanel.processing #diigotb-quick-save{<br/> background-position:0 -20px!important;<br/> cursor:default!important;<br/>}<br/><br/> <br/>#diigotb-imagepanel.needpremium #diigotb-quick-save{<br/> background-position:0 -20px!important;<br/> cursor:default!important;<br/>} <br/><br/>#diigotb-imagepanel.hassaved #diigotb-quick-save{<br/> background-position: -60px 0!important;<br/> cursor: pointer !important;<br/>}<br/><br/>.diigotb-imagetip{<br/> background:transparent url(chrome://diigotb/skin/notice-bar-bg-right.png) no-repeat scroll right center !important;<br/> height:21px !important;<br/> margin:0 !important;<br/> position:absolute !important;<br/> z-index:11000022 !important;<br/> width:106px;<br/>}<br/> <br/>.diigotb-imagebg{<br/> background:transparent url(chrome://diigotb/skin/notice-bar-bg-left.png) repeat-x scroll left center !important;<br/> height:21px !important;<br/> margin:0 !important;<br/> padding-left:6px !important;<br/> width:90px;<br/>}<br/> <br/>.diigotb-imagetip-text{<br/> padding-left:20px!important;<br/> font:11px/13px Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif!important;<br/> color:white!important;<br/> line-height:20px!important;<br/> float:left;<br/>}<br/> <br/>.diigotb-imagetip.processing .diigotb-imagetip-text{<br/> background:transparent url(chrome://diigotb/skin/processing-fb.gif) no-repeat scroll left center !important;<br/>}<br/> <br/>.diigotb-imagetip.hassaved .diigotb-imagetip-text{<br/> background:transparent url(chrome://diigotb/skin/icon-done.png) no-repeat scroll left center !important;<br/>}<br/> <br/>.diigotb-border{<br/> position: absolute!important;<br/> z-index:11000000!important;<br/> margin:0!important;<br/> background-color: #4b8cdc!important;<br/>}<br/>.diigotb-left{<br/> width:1px!important;<br/>}<br/>.diigotb-right{<br/> width:1px!important;<br/>}<br/>.diigotb-top{<br/> height:1px!important;<br/>}<br/>.diigotb-bottom{<br/> height:1px!important;<br/>}<br/><br/>.diigotb-body #diigotb-rect div{<br/> background: transparent url('chrome://diigotb/skin/ann-bar-opt-rectangle.png') no-repeat center center!important;<br/>} <br/>.diigotb-body #diigotb-round div{<br/> background: transparent url('chrome://diigotb/skin/ann-bar-opt-ellipse.png') no-repeat center center!important;<br/>}<br/>.diigotb-body #diigotb-text div{<br/> background: transparent url('chrome://diigotb/skin/ann-bar-opt-font.png') no-repeat center center!important;<br/>}<br/> <br/>.diigotb-body #diigotb-arrow div{<br/> background: transparent url('chrome://diigotb/skin/ann-bar-opt-arrow.png') no-repeat center center!important;<br/>}<br/> <br/>.diigotb-body .diigotb-sep{<br/> background: transparent url('chrome://diigotb/skin/ann-bar-bg-separator.png') no-repeat center center!important;<br/>}<br/> <br/>.diigotb-body #diigotb-undo div{<br/> background: transparent url('chrome://diigotb/skin/ann-bar-opt-undo-disabled.png') no-repeat center center!important;<br/>}<br/> <br/>.diigotb-body #diigotb-capture-save div{<br/> background: transparent url('chrome://diigotb/skin/ann-bar-opt-quickly-save.png') no-repeat center center!important;<br/>}<br/> <br/> <br/> <br/>.diigotb-body #diigotb-upload-resizer div {<br/> position: absolute!important;<br/> width: 9px!important;<br/> height: 9px!important;<br/> /*background-color: white;*/<br/> z-index:11000002!important;<br/> margin:0px!important;<br/> background:transparent url(chrome://diigotb/skin/spot.png) no-repeat scroll left center!important;<br/>}<br/><br/>.diigotb-body #diigotb-upload-resizer div.gleft {<br/> left: -9px!important;<br/>}<br/><br/>.diigotb-body #diigotb-upload-resizer div.gtop {<br/> top: -9px!important;<br/>}<br/><br/>.diigotb-body #diigotb-upload-resizer div.gright {<br/> right: -9px!important;<br/>}<br/><br/>.diigotb-body #diigotb-upload-resizer div.gbottom {<br/> bottom: -9px!important;<br/>}<br/><br/>.diigotb-body #diigotb-upload-resizer div.ghor {<br/> margin-left: auto!important;<br/> margin-right: auto!important;<br/> left: 0px!important;<br/> right: 0px!important;<br/>}<br/><br/>.diigotb-body #diigotb-upload-resizer div.gver {<br/> margin-top: auto!important;<br/> margin-bottom: auto!important;<br/> top: 0px!important;<br/> bottom: 0px!important;<br/>}<br/> <br/>.diigotb-body{<br/> padding-top: 31px!important;<br/>}<br/> <br/>.diigotb-body #diigotb-topbar{<br/> background: url(chrome://diigotb/skin/topbar-bg.png) left top repeat-x!important;<br/> border-bottom: 1px solid #999!important;<br/> color: #555!important;<br/> font: 12px/18px Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif!important;<br/> height: 30px!important;<br/> line-height: 30px!important;<br/> position: fixed!important;<br/> left: 0!important;<br/> top: 0!important;<br/> text-align:center!important;<br/> z-index:1999999!important;<br/>}<br/><br/>.diigotb-body #diigotb-msg img{<br/> margin:0 5px 0 0!important;<br/> vertical-align: middle!important;<br/>}<br/> <br/>.diigotb-body #diigotb-msg{<br/> color:#333!important;<br/>}<br/><br/>.diigotb-body #diigotb-msg a{<br/> color: #0044cc!important;<br/> text-decoration: none!important;<br/>}<br/><br/>.diigotb-body #diigotb-msg a:hover{<br/> text-decoration: underline!important;<br/>}<br/><br/>.diigotb-body #diigotb-escLink{<br/> display: block!important;<br/> float: right!important;<br/> margin: 5px 5px 0 0!important;<br/> text-decoration: none!important;<br/> width: 50px!important;<br/> cursor:pointer!important;<br/>}<br/><br/>.diigotb-body #diigotb-escLink:hover{<br/> text-decoration: underline!important;<br/>}<br/><br/>.diigotb-body #diigotb-escLink span{<br/> background: url(chrome://diigotb/skin/esc-right.png) right top no-repeat!important;<br/> display: block!important;<br/> padding-right: 9px!important;<br/>}<br/><br/>.diigotb-body #diigotb-escLink span strong{<br/> background: url(chrome://diigotb/skin/esc-left.png) left top no-repeat!important;<br/> display: block!important;<br/> color: #fff!important;<br/> font-weight: 700!important;<br/> line-height: 20px!important;<br/> text-indent:7px!important;<br/>}<br/> <br/> <br/><br/>/*highlight label*/<br/>.diigoHighlight .diigoHighlightLabel sup {<br/> font:normal normal normal 8px/8px "lucida grande",tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif;<br/> text-decoration:none;<br/> background-color:inherit;<br/> cursor:default;<br/>}<br/> <br/>body.diigoHiPen.yellow{<br/> cursor:url(chrome://diigotb/skin/highlighter-orange.cur), text !important<br/>}<br/> <br/>body.diigoHiPen.blue{<br/> cursor:url(chrome://diigotb/skin/highlighter-blue.cur), text !important<br/>}<br/><br/>body.diigoHiPen.green{<br/> cursor:url(chrome://diigotb/skin/highlighter-green.cur), text !important<br/>} <br/> <br/>body.diigoHiPen.pink{<br/> cursor:url(chrome://diigotb/skin/highlighter-pink.cur), text !important<br/>}<br/>em.diigoHighlight.type_0.commented { <br/> padding-left:30px;<br/>}<br/> <br/>/*float note*/<br/>div.diigoHighlight.type_2 {<br/> position:absolute;<br/> width:29px;<br/> height:36px;<br/> text-align:center;<br/> background:transparent url('chrome://diigotb/skin/float_icon.png') no-repeat 50% 50%;<br/> z-index:9996;<br/>}<br/>div.diigoHighlight.type_2.mouseOvered {<br/> position:absolute;<br/> width:37px;<br/> height:31px;<br/> text-align:center;<br/> background:transparent url('chrome://diigotb/skin/float_icon.png') no-repeat;<br/> z-index:9996;<br/>} <br/>div.diigoHighlight.type_2 span {<br/> color:#000;<br/> font:bold 13px Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;<br/> cursor: default;<br/> line-height: 37px;<br/> text-shadow: #fff 0 1px 0;<br/>}<br/> <br/><br/>div.diigoIcon.commented.TextIcon.diigoEdit{<br/> background-repeat:no-repeat !important;<br/> background-position:right !important;<br/>}<br/><br/> <br/>div.diigoIcon.commented.ImageIcon.diigoEdit{<br/> background-repeat:no-repeat !important;<br/> background-position:right !important;<br/>}<br/><br/><br/>/*mouse over effect*/<br/>/*<br/>.diigoHighlight.id_190e5778b533dc0fa1b1660653a4f6f5 {outline: 2px dotted green !important;}<br/>*/<br/>div.diigoIcon{<br/> cursor:pointer !important;<br/> margin: 0pt; <br/> padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;<br/> position: absolute;<br/> display:none;<br/> width: 24px !important; <br/> z-index:999999;<br/> height: 23px !important;<br/> background: transparent url('chrome://diigotb/skin/edit-highlight.png') no-repeat left;<br/>}<br/><br/>div.diigoIcon span{<br/> color:#000000;<br/> display:block;<br/> font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;<br/> font-size:13px;<br/> font-weight:700;<br/> line-height:18px;<br/> text-align:center;<br/> text-shadow:0 1px 1px #FFFFFF;<br/>}<br/><br/>div.diigoIcon.commented.ImageIcon{<br/> display:block !important;<br/> background-color: transparent !important;<br/>}<br/> <br/>div.diigoIcon:hover{<br/> background-color: transparent !important;<br/> background-repeat:no-repeat !important;<br/> background-position:right !important;<br/>}<br/> <br/>div.diigoIcon.commented.TextIcon{<br/> display:block !important;<br/> left:0;<br/> bottom:0;<br/>}<br/> <br/>div.diigoIcon.commented.public{<br/> background: #FFFFFF url('chrome://diigotb/skin/public-annotation.png') no-repeat left;<br/>}<br/><br/>div.diigoIcon.commented.private{<br/> background: #FFFFFF url('chrome://diigotb/skin/private-annotation.png') no-repeat left;<br/>}<br/> <br/>div.diigoIcon.commented.group{<br/> background: #FFFFFF url('chrome://diigotb/skin/group-annotation.png') no-repeat left;<br/>}<br/> <br/>/*Clip video*/<br/>div.diigoClipVideo{<br/> float:left;<br/> height:16px;<br/> padding:0 16px 0 6px;<br/> background:#f5f5f5 url(chrome://diigotb/skin/toolbar-clip-bg.gif) no-repeat right 0;<br/> border:1px solid #ccc;<br/> border-bottom-width:0;<br/> font-family:"lucida grande",tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif;<br/> z-index:999;<br/> position:absolute;<br/>}<br/><br/>div.diigoClipVideo.clipped {<br/> background-position: right -32px; left: 717px; top: 135px;<br/>}<br/><br/> div.diigoClipVideo span{<br/> font-weight:bold;<br/> font-size:10px;<br/> line-height:16px;<br/> text-decoration:underline;<br/> color:#03f;<br/> cursor:pointer;<br/> margin-right:6px<br/> }<br/> div.diigoClipVideo span:hover,div.diigoClipVideo span:active{<br/> color:#00f<br/> }<br/> /*.diigolet input{<br/> font-family:"lucida grande",tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif;<br/> font-size:9px;<br/> }*/<br/> <br/>/*-----------notice msg--------------*/<br/>.diigotb-notice-img {<br/> float:left!important;<br/> height:16px!important;<br/> width:16px!important;<br/> margin-top:6px!important;<br/> margin-right:3px!important;<br/>}<br/>.success .diigotb-notice-img{<br/> background:url("chrome://diigotb/skin/notice-icons.png") no-repeat scroll 0 0 transparent!important;<br/>}<br/>.failed .diigotb-notice-img{<br/> background:url("chrome://diigotb/skin/notice-icons.png") no-repeat scroll -16px 0 transparent!important;<br/>}<br/>.info .diigotb-notice-img{<br/> background:url("chrome://diigotb/skin/notice-icons.png") no-repeat scroll -32px 0 transparent!important;<br/>}<br/>.process .diigotb-notice-img{<br/> background:url("chrome://diigotb/skin/processing.gif") no-repeat scroll left 0 transparent!important;<br/>} <br/> <br/>.diigotb-notice-msg-rt {<br/> background:url("chrome://diigotb/skin/notice-bar-2-bg-left.png") no-repeat scroll left bottom transparent!important;<br/> line-height:28px!important;<br/> padding-left:10px!important;<br/> height:30px!important;<br/>}<br/>.failed .diigotb-notice-msg-rt {<br/> background:url("chrome://diigotb/skin/notice-bar-2-bg-left.png") no-repeat scroll left top transparent!important;<br/>}<br/> <br/>.diigotb-notice-close{<br/> float:right!important;<br/> height:16px!important;<br/> width:16px!important;<br/> margin-left:20px!important;<br/> margin-top:6px!important;<br/> cursor:pointer;<br/> background:url("chrome://diigotb/skin/notice-icons.png") no-repeat scroll -48px 0 transparent!important;<br/>}<br/><br/>.diigotb-notice-close:hover{<br/> background-position: -63px 0!important;<br/>}<br/> <br/>.diigotb-notice-msg {<br/> background:url("chrome://diigotb/skin/notice-bar-2-bg-right.png") no-repeat scroll right bottom transparent!important;<br/> float:right!important;<br/> height:30px!important;<br/> padding:0 11px 0 0!important;<br/> border: none!important;<br/> margin:0!important;<br/> position:fixed!important;<br/> font:12px/14px Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif!important;<br/> z-index:100000!important;<br/>}<br/>.diigotb-notice-msg a {<br/> color:#0044cc!important; <br/> text-decoration:underline!important;<br/>}<br/> <br/>.failed.diigotb-notice-msg {<br/> background:url("chrome://diigotb/skin/notice-bar-2-bg-right.png") no-repeat scroll right top transparent!important;<br/>}<br/> <br/>}<br/><br/><br/>@media print{<br/>em.diigoHighlight.a, em.diigoHighlight.b, em.diigoHighlight.c {<br/> border-bottom:0.5pt dashed Black;<br/>}<br/><br/><br/>/*image highlight*/<br/>/*no inline comments*/<br/>img.diigoHighlight {<br/> border:0.5pt dashed Black<br/>}<br/><br/>/*float note*/<br/>div.diigoHighlight.type_2 {<br/> display:none<br/>}<br/>div.diigoHighlight.type_2 span {<br/> display:none<br/>}<br/>}</style><style type="text/css" 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      •  
         
         
         

          Malware

         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
           
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         

        How They Attack

         
        Malware    Malware is a category of malicious code that includes viruses, worms, and Trojan horses. Destructive malware will utilize popular communication tools to spread, including worms sent through email and instant messages, Trojan horses dropped from web sites, and virus-infected files downloaded from peer-to-peer connections. Malware will also seek to exploit existing vulnerabilities on systems making their entry quiet and easy. 

        How Do You Know

           
        • Malware works to remain unnoticed, either by actively hiding or by simply not making its presence on a system known to the user
        •  
         

        What To Do

           
        • Only open email or IM attachments that come from a trusted source and that are expected
        •  
        • Have email attachments scanned by Norton Internet Security prior to opening
        •  
        • Delete all unwanted messages without opening
        •  
        • Do not click on Web links sent by someone you do not know
        •  
        • If a person on your Buddy list is sending strange messages, files, or web site links, terminate your IM session
        •  
        • Scan all files with an Internet Security solution before transferring them to your system
        •  
        • Only transfer files from a well known source
        •  
        • Use Norton Internet Security to block all unsolicited outbound communication
        •  
    • NetworkEtiquette.net

             
        
        
        
              

      Netiquette /neɛ́t-ə-kət/, Noun: 1. The social code of network communication. 2. The social and moral code of the internet based on the human condition and Golden Rule of Netiquette. 3. A philosophy of effective internet communication that utilizes common conventions and norms as a guide for rules and standards.

                 
        
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    • Disinformation is intentionally false or inaccurate information that is spread deliberately. For this reason, it is synonymous with and sometimes called black propaganda. It is an act of deception and false statements to convince someone of untruth. Disinformation should not be confused with misinformation, information that is unintentionally false.

       

      Unlike traditional propaganda techniques designed to engage emotional support, disinformation is designed to manipulate the audience at the rational level by either discrediting conflicting information or supporting false conclusions. A common disinformation tactic is to mix some truth and observation with false conclusions and lies, or to reveal part of the truth while presenting it as the whole (a limited hangout).

       

      Another technique of concealing facts, or censorship, is also used if the group can affect such control. When channels of information cannot be completely closed, they can be rendered useless by filling them with disinformation, effectively lowering their signal-to-noise ratio and discrediting the opposition by association with many easily disproved false claims.

       
       
       

      Contents

      •  
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        The Year of the MOOC

             

        Clockwise, from top left: an online course in circuits and electronics with an M.I.T. professor (edX); statistics, Stanford (Udacity); machine learning, Stanford (Coursera); organic chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana (Coursera).

         
         
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         IN late September, as workers applied joint compound to new office walls, hoodie-clad colleagues who had just met were working together on deadline. Film editors, code-writing interns and “edX fellows” — grad students and postdocs versed in online education — were translating videotaped lectures into MOOCs, or massive open online courses. As if anyone needed reminding, a row of aqua Post-its gave the dates the courses would “go live.”

         
         
           <!--forceinline-->   
         

        Related

          
           
         
         

         The paint is barely dry, yet edX, the nonprofit start-up from Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, has 370,000 students this fall in its first official courses. That’s nothing. Coursera, founded just last January, has reached more than 1.7 million — growing “faster than Facebook,” boasts Andrew Ng, on leave from Stanford to run his for-profit MOOC provider.

         “This has caught all of us by surprise,” says David Stavens, who formed a company called Udacity with Sebastian Thrun and Michael Sokolsky after more than 150,000 signed up for Dr. Thrun’s “Introduction to Artificial Intelligence” last fall, starting the revolution that has higher education gasping. A year ago, he marvels, “we were three guys in Sebastian’s living room and now we have 40 employees full time.”

         “I like to call this the year of disruption,” says Anant Agarwal, president of edX, “and the year is not over yet.”

         MOOCs have been around for a few years as collaborative techie learning events, but this is the year everyone wants in. Elite universities are partnering with Coursera at a furious pace. It now offers courses from 33 of the biggest names in postsecondary education, including Princeton, Brown, Columbia and Duke. In September, Google unleashed a MOOC-building online tool, and Stanford unveiled Class2Go with two courses.

      •  

        What Is Wiki

              Wiki is in Ward's original description:

        The simplest online database that could possibly work.

        Wiki is a piece of server software that allows users to freely create and edit Web page content using any Web browser. Wiki supports hyperlinks and has a simple text syntax for creating new pages and crosslinks between internal pages on the fly.

        Wiki is unusual among group communication mechanisms in that it allows the organization of contributions to be edited in addition to the content itself.

        Like many simple concepts, "open editing" has some profound and subtle effects on Wiki usage. Allowing everyday users to create and edit any page in a Web site is exciting in that it encourages democratic use of the Web and promotes content composition by nontechnical users.


        Historical Note. The first ever wiki site was created for the Portland Pattern Repository in 1995. That site now hosts tens of thousands of pages.

         

         

              Last edited June 27, 2002
          Return to WelcomeVisitors
      •  <script type="text/javascript"><!-- wpa2a.script_load(); //--></script> 

        Brain StimulatedA growing body of research on digital natives is started to emerge. A digital native can be defined as a person who was born after the introduction of digital technology. Digital Natives use online services like Facebook, YouTube, Hulu, and Twitter on various digital technologies, such as smart phones or a tablet device. Digital Natives have blended their online life with their offline life.

         

        Researchers use the term digital immigrant to classify people born before the introduction of digital technology. For Digital Immigrants, the popular technology for them was radio, television, newspapers, books, and magazines. Digital Immigrants are adapting to the digital technology introduced during their life time. Ironically, some Digital Immigrants created the digital technology used by Digital Natives.

         

        Different Types of Digital Immigrants

         

        If you are a Digital Immigrant, it does not mean you are automatically technically inept. You can actually be very technically astute.  Digital Immigrants will have to deal with Digital Natives, as illustrated below by Rupert Murdoch.

         

        My kids are digital natives...they will never know a world without broadband access. -- Rupert Murdoch

         

        As shown above, Murdoch explains that Digital Immigrants must begin to assimilate into the Digital Native culture and their way of thinking. While the sentiment sounds good, it may not be as easy as you might initially think.

         

        Not all Digital Immigrants fit into a single category. Current research classifies Digital Immigrants into three categories:

         
           
        1. Avoiders.
           This group does not adapt to new technology quickly, if ever. For example, my father-in-law still gets the newspaper, orders cigars through the mail, and uses the USPS to deliver letters to his friends. He is happy with his life.
        2.  
        3. Reluctant Adopters.
           This group is aware of new technology and adopts to it at a slow pace. In many respects, I fall into this group. For example, I still have a second generation phone. It took me 10 years to finally get a DVR, even though I knew it would change how I watch television as soon as I saw it. I am happy with my life.
        4.  
        5. Eager Adopters.
           This group enthusiastically adapts to new technology. They embrace it. For example, Jeremy Johnson, one of the organizers of the Big Design Conference, falls into this group. He seems to be plugged into every device, network, tech trend, and so on. Jeremy personifies an Eager Adopter. Jeremy is happy with his life, too.
        6.  
         

        Digitial Immigrants can never become Digital Natives because they were not born after the introduction of digital technology.  Eager Adopters, however, are clearly the class Digital Immigrants that can relate more closely to most Digital Natives.

      • Different Types of Digital Natives, Too

         

        We tend to think all Digital Natives have their brains wired into a series of global social networks, as illustrated below.

         

        Picture of a Brain Plugged Into Social Networks
         In the same way that Digital Immigrants can be classified into three distinct groups, some interesting research from Dr. Ofer Zur (a Digital Immigrant) and Azzia Zur (a Digital Native) classifies Digital Natives into three sub-categories:

         
           
        1. Avoiders.
           This group consists of people, who are born during the digital age, and do not desire new technology. They are not enamored with Facebook, Twitter, Netflix, or Hulu. For example, I know a 14-year old, who prefers to paint portraits. She owns an iPad, only because her school books are on it. She only watches public television.  She sings in the church choir.  She is very happy.
        2.  
        3. Minimalists.
           This group is aware that digital technology is a part of their daily life. They choose to interact with only the most interesting things to them personally. For example, I know a young person who does not have a Twitter account and avoids Facebook. She is not a gamer.  She sends emails and downloads books to her Kindle.
        4.  
        5. Enthusiastic Participants.
           This group is the largest group of Digital Natives. Like their Digital Immigrant cousins the Eager Adopters, Enthusiastic Participants embrace and use all forms of digital technology. This group prefers texting and tweeting over sending out email blasts. They are aware of the latest technology, trends, and tools. Their online and offline lives are blending together.
        6.  
         

        You need to understand the differences in Digital Immigrants and Digital Natives because of how these two groups interact.  Digital Immigrants are the parents, teachers, and managers of Digital Natives.

      • Welcome to digital-law-online.info, a web site created by Professor Lee A. Hollaar of the School of Computing at the University of Utah. Initially, this site  provided supplementary material to Professor Hollaar's treatise "Legal  Protection of Digital Information." It now contains an online version of that  book and in the future will contain other online texts, as well as links to  other sites useful in understanding law in the digital age.

          

          Also available here are papers on intellectual  property and computer law by Professor Hollaar.

                       
         

           <!-- Give the font command again, because Netscape gets confused in tables -->    This treatise by Professor Hollaar was published by BNA Books on November   26, 2002. The following material is available online:

           

         You can also search the treatise using the University of Utah search engine by clicking on this button:

          <form method="get" name="seek1" action="http://search.utah.edu:8765/custom/">       

         

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            The National Commission on New Technological Uses of Copyrighted Works (CONTU)   was established by Congress, and operated between 1975 and 1978 to determine how the Copyright Act of 1976   should address computers and copy machines. On July 31, 1978, it issued its   Final Report, which is frequently cited, but not readily available.

         

        It is now available both as a series  of web pages and as PDF images of the original report. You can  also find any section using this Table of  Contents.

         And we have a picture of the CONTU  commissioners and staff, taken at their last meeting.
          

    • Digital Identity has been described as “the sum of all digitally available information about an individual.” It’s your digital footprint—the evidence of your life in tweets, Facebook updates, pins, blog posts and other interactions on the Web.

                
       

      But it’s much more than that.

       

      With the combined advent of the social Web and mobile technology, we live at the very beginning of a historic change in the evolution of human communication. Consider this: Your great-grandchildren will know significantly more about you than you will ever know about even your own parents. Increasingly, you share where you go, what you do and what you think—and in real time—creating a detailed digital footprint. What’s more, by leveraging countless layers of social connections, any one episode in that story can reach a global audience.

       

      This is your story in the making. This is the creation of your legacy. This is your Digital Identity.

       

      And it’s not just individuals but businesses, brands and communities, in every part of the world. Each has a story, and a Digital Identity.

       

      What is yours? What story are you telling about yourself, your business or your community?

       

      With an ever-increasing number of choices for connecting, consuming and sharing information your Digital Identity is arguably your most important asset and it creates new problems and exciting new opportunities. Follr addresses those problems and magnifies the opportunities. Follr is the glue that holds everything about you, your company and your brand together. We help you shape your legacy.

       

      Follr is your Digital Identity.

       
       
      Digital Identity by Follr
        Digital Identity 
       

      Personal

       

        Follr Personal aggregates all online information about an individual making it available via one, short, domain name.   Simultaneously a social résumé, marketing aggregator and online business card, Follr Personal represents the whole you, your Digital Identity

        

      Business

       

      Follr Business provides a local and mobile enabled, social media based Website solution without the need for technical or marketing expertise. Aggregating your brand's Digital Identity, it is a suite that represents the sum of everything online about your business and brand.

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      Welcome to the Digital Citizenship Website
       
       

       Digital Citizenship is a concept which helps teachers, technology leaders and parents to understand what students/children/technology users should know to use technology appropriately. Digital Citizenship is more than just a teaching tool; it is a way to prepare students/technology users for a society full of technology. Digital citizenship is the norms of appropriate, responsible technology use.  Too often we are seeing students as well as adults misusing and abusing technology but not sure what to do. The issue is more than what the users do not know but what is considered appropriate technology usage.
       
       

       
       Digital Citizenship Today
       
       

       The topic of digital citizenship is certainly gaining momentum not only in the United States but around the world. Whether it is called digital citizenship, digital wellness or digital ethics the issues are the same; how should we act when we are online, and what should be taught to the next generation.  With the growth of Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) and 1:1 initiatives in schools there is a need to talk about responsible use of technology.   There are many organizations and individuals that are working on this topic.  If you are interested in additional information go to the Resources Tab and look for their links.
       
       In response to many discussions with users from around the world some new ideas have surfaced on how to discuss the nine elements of digital citizenship.  Take a look at the bottom of the Nine Elements page for more information related to Respect, Educate and Protect. 
       
       If you have questions or comments about the material found on this website please click on the Contact Us link to send us your information.   If you are interested in reading more about Digital Citizenship please go to the Publications page of this website and click on the link for the Digital Citizenship in Schools book which will connect to the ISTE (International Society for Technology in Education) website.  Currently there is a book for parents related to digital citizenship titled Raising a Digital Child.  A second edition of the first book Digital Citizenship in Schools was released in the Fall of 2011 (go to the Publications page to find out how to order these books).  If you are interested in a presentation on Digital Citizenship go to the Contact Us page and send an e-mail or fill out the form provided.
       
       
       Follow digcitizen on Twitter
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      What is Digital Literacy?

       

        Digital literacy is the ability to find, evaluate, utilize, share, and create content using information technologies and the Internet. As a Cornell student, activities including writing papers, creating multimedia presentations, and posting information about yourself or others online are all a part of your day-to-day life, and all of these activities require varying degrees of digital literacy. Is simply knowing how to do these things enough? No—there’s more to it than that.  

         

        Consider how easy it is to cut, paste, share, rip, burn, and post media—at home and in the classroom. These activities seem as though they must be legal and appropriate, because they’re so easy to perform. Unfortunately, the assumption that what can be done, may be done, is often wrong.  

         

        Digital literacy is an important topic because technology is changing faster than society is. The same advances that enhance leisure and make our work easier—those that make it possible for us to search online databases, text friends, and stream media—also present urgent challenges to the social norms, market models, and legal frameworks that structure our society. The rules of appropriate behavior in these digital contexts may be unknown or unknowable. Well-established concepts such as copyright, academic integrity, and privacy are now difficult to define, as their meanings are in flux.  

         

        This digital literacy site is a resource you can come to again and again during your time at Cornell, to get up-to-date information about issues like these. Look here to learn about Cornell’s recommendations for finding, evaluating, and citing information sources online; to learn about copyright law; to read and hear Cornell faculty viewpoints on plagiarism; and to get our best advice regarding privacy practices on the Internet. Look here, too, for links to many other Cornell resources on these topics. 

    • Digital Literacy Resource - Introduction
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