Nora Holmes's List: USH research paper

• Western Virginia
• September 12-15 1861
• CS 90
• 170 tota
• first offensive of the  war
• entrenchments on the summit of  Cheat Mountain
• The Confederate attacks were uncoordinated
• Federal defense was so stubborn
• convinced that he confronted an overwhelming  force
• only about 300
• Lee called  off the attac
• withdrew
• renewed operations against Laurel  Mountain
• operation was called  off because of poor communication and lack of supplies.
• recalled  to Richmond on October 30 after achieving little in western Virginia.
• Union victory

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• January 19, 1807
• The tarnished reputation of his once-great father will haunt Robert E. Lee for the rest of his life.

• eaving Robert to care for his invalid mother, and his sickly sister, Ann.
• Robert leaves for the U.S. Military Academy at West Point
• aduates second in his class from West Poin
• never receive a demerit.
• perfection and focused, secluded personality
• e "Marble Model."
• appointed second lieutenant in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
• 1830s,
• earns a reputation as a gifted civil engineer
• First Lieutenant.
• captain of engineers,
• As the Mexican-American War develops, Lee is called upon to lend his engineering skills to General Winfield Scott's force.
• Scott would, in a court martial, declare Lee "the very best soldier I ever saw in the field" based on his work in the Mexican-American War
• Academy's superintendent. 
• West Point
• His letters home become more introspective and melancholy and, for the first time, he turns a critical eye toward his accomplishments.
• "I wish I was out of the Army myself,"
• Lieutenant Colonel
• Lee deals with slave insubordination harshly, paying to have runaways captured and sending insubordinate slaves away from their families.
• Harper's Ferry to suppress the John Brown raid
• Lee writes home to his son Custis that the secession will lead to war.
• April 17, 1861

   

  Virginia secedes
• April 18, 1861
• Lee is called to a meeting with Francis Blair, a close associate of Abraham Lincoln. Blair offers Lee command of the Union Army, but Lee declines
• unwilling to fight against his home state of Virginia.
• April 20, 1861
• resigns from the United States Army.
• I have not been able to make up my mind to raise my hand against my relatives, my children, my home."
• command the Virginia forces for the Confederate Army.
• e Confederate Army,
• defeats Union forces at the Battle of Manassas
• Bull Run,
• 2,950 Union and 1,750 Confederate casualties,
• September 12-15, 1861
• embarrassing defeat at the Battle of Cheat Mountain
• Winter 1861-62
• relieved of his command
• oversee the fortification of the cities on the southeastern coast
• media criticizes him for his timidity on the battlefield.
• May 31, 1862
• Robert E. Lee is chosen to replace Johnson and take control of the South's biggest field army, the Army of Northern Virginia. 
• June 25-July 1, 1862
• Seven Days Battle
• cut off McClellan's army and divide it
• successfully pushes the Union army back 20 miles
• victory saves Richmond and restores confidence in Lee's leadership, but costs 20,000 Confederate casualties.
• Second Battle of Bull Run
• Lee pushes McClellan's troops back to Washington and continues his strategy of relentless attack despite heavy casualties.

• His army exhibits a high morale and complete confidence in their general, but continually suffers from Lee's tendency to push his men behind logistical capacity.
• launch an attack on Northern soil
• Battle of Antietam
• Lee's ta
• ctical decisions at Antietam save his army and thousands of men
• 2,108 Union soldiers die; Lee's army loses 1,546 men. 
• September 22, 1862
• Emancipation Proclamation
• Army of Northern Virginia inflicts over 12,000 casualties while losing 5,000 soldiers. 
• Battle of Fredericksburg
• Lee writes that he only has enough livestock to feed his army until the end of January
• uffering heart problems
• rarely sleeps
• consumed with preparation for upcoming battles. 
• able to ward off the Union Army
• Battle of Chancellorsville,
• , identifies the critical moment to attack Hooker's right flank and save his Army.
• Outnumbered by over 40,000 men, the Confederate army strikes a great moral blow to the Union, but it nonetheless suffers a more substantial number of casualties,
• another famous Confederate,
• loss of
• General "Stonewall" Jackson.
• July 1-3, 1863
• Battle of Gettysburg
• Lee's bold tactical maneuvers fail due to miscommunication and unfamiliarity with new generals
• more than 23,000 Confederate casualties
• psychological blow to the South that it will fail to overcome
• esignation to Jefferson Davis, which Davis promptly refuses
• war of attrition
• Lee rides into the midst of the fighting on many occasions to pick up the slack of underperforming commanding officers.
• He gets little sleep, and on May 25 is confined to his cot despite significant fighting in North Anna.
• Lee proposes enlisting black soldiers
• desertion rate in the Army of Northern Virginia soars
• loses control of the vital Virginian cities Petersburg and Richmond. 
• April 9, 1865
• in Appomattox, Virginia, Lee surrenders to General Grant
• s General Order Number Nine announcing the surrender
• Lee blames the loss of the war on the moral condition of his men
• getting letters from home indicating that they no longer supported the war
• President of Washington College
• overhauls the curriculum
• encourages the female
• changed its name to Washington and Lee University
• Lee discusses the failures of Gettysburg in conversations with his peers at Washington College, attributing the loss to his commanders J.E.B. Stewart and Richard Ewell.
• concern over the social and political structure of the country
• doubts that African Americans should have civil rights

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• Two hundred years after his birth, Confederate General Robert E. Lee remains a pivotal, controversial, and complicated figure in American history -- revered by some, reviled by others, and a central figure in America's history and continuing race and culture wars.
• birth on Jan. 19, 1807.
• Lee highways crisscross the state, Lee bridges cross rivers, and schools are named for him.
• As the South has become more racially and ethnically diverse and has prospered economically, perhaps the South doesn't need Lee so much anymore
• other ways in which Southerners identify themselves

• W.E.B. DuBois.

  "It is ridiculous to seek to excuse Robert Lee" because he "led a bloody war to perpetuate human slavery," DuBois wrote.
• handsome
• humble
• charismatic
• tall,
• Lee privately ridiculed the idea.
• resisted calls to continue the fight

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• entered West Point in 1825
• graduated second in his class in 1829
• born January 19, 1807
• various military duties
• reputation increased in recognition and respectability
• superintendant of West Point.
• commanded the Department of Texas
• secession movment began, and Lee had to evaluate his position as a Whig devoted to the Union and as a Virginian.
• Lee's loyalities proved to be on the side of the South because of his family tradition in and association with the state of Virginia.
• received word that Virginia had seceeded
• offered field command of the United States Army
• April 18, 1861
• resignation from the United States Army on April 20
• accepted the position of commander of Virginia forces
• May 31, 1862, Robert E. Lee was assigned to command the troops which he named "The Army of Northern Virginia
• Battle of second Manassas
• He is best known for
• Battle of Chancellorsville
• served as President of Washington College in Lexington, Virginia
• indicted for treason though never brought to trial
• died a few weeks later on October 12
• respect

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