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Matti Narkia's List: Immunostimulants
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Sep 02, 09
Sunlight and vitamin D: both good for cardiovascular health.
Holick MF.
J Gen Intern Med. 2002 Sep;17(9):733-5.
PMID: 12220371
doi: 10.1046/j.1525-1497.2002.20731.x. -
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Apr 16, 09
The immune system refers to all of the cells, tissues, organs and processes that protect an organism from invasion by pathogens. Viruses, bacteria, parasites, and some toxins are some of pathogens that the immune system is involved in eliminating from the body.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Immunology
Articles relating to the study of the immune system, including medical specialties and techniques, as well as manipulations of the immune system (such as vaccination), can be found in Category:Immunology.
The main article for this category is Immune system. -
Apr 16, 09
An immune system is a collection of biological processes within an organism that protects against disease by identifying and killing pathogens and tumour cells. It detects a wide variety of agents, from viruses to parasitic worms, and needs to distinguish them from the organism's own healthy cells and tissues in order to function properly. Detection is complicated as pathogens can evolve rapidly, producing adaptations that avoid the immune system and allow the pathogens to successfully infect their hosts.
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Apr 16, 09
Understanding Cancer Series: The Immune System
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Apr 16, 09
CD40L - a multipotent molecule for tumor therapy.
Loskog A, Tötterman TH.
Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2007 Mar;7(1):23-8. Review.
PMID: 17346201 -
Apr 16, 09
CagA+ H pylori infection is associated with polarization of T helper cell immune responses in gastric carcinogenesis.
Wang SK, Zhu HF, He BS, Zhang ZY, Chen ZT, Wang ZZ, Wu GL.
World J Gastroenterol. 2007 Jun 7;13(21):2923-31.
PMID: 17589941
CONCLUSION: Polarization of Th cell immune responses occurs in patients with CagA+ H pylori infection, which is associated with the stage and severity of gastric pathology during the progression of gastric carcinogenesis. This finding provides further evidence for a causal role of CagA+ H pylori infection in the immunopathogenesis of gastric cancer.
Terminology
Immune response: Actions of the body’s immune system that come into play to control infection or disease; T helper cells: can be divided into two subsets, Th1 cells and Th2 cells. Th1 cells mediate cellular immunity mainly by producing interferon (IFN)-g, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-b, while Th2 cells primarily mediate humoral immunity by secreting IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-13; regulatory T cells: a low abundance cell subset, help mediate the balance of Th1 and Th2, Treg cells inhibit the proliferation of CD4 + CD25-T lymphocytes, CD8 + T lymphocytes, immune memory cells, and antigen presenting cells (APCs) by recognizing inner and outer antigens; Immunopathogenesis: the process of development of a disease in which an immune response or the products of an immune reaction are involved. -
Apr 16, 09
Anti-aromatase activity of phytochemicals in white button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus).
Chen S, Oh SR, Phung S, Hur G, Ye JJ, Kwok SL, Shrode GE, Belury M, Adams LS, Williams D.
Cancer Res. 2006 Dec 15;66(24):12026-34.
PMID: 17178902
doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-2206
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Apr 16, 09
White button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) exhibits antiproliferative and proapoptotic properties and inhibits prostate tumor growth in athymic mice. Adams LS, Phung S, Wu X, Ki L, Chen S.
Nutr Cancer. 2008;60(6):744-56. n
PMID: 19005974 -
Apr 16, 09
Preoperative treatment with a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) increases tumor tissue infiltration of seemingly activated immune cells in colorectal cancer.
Lönnroth C, Andersson M, Arvidsson A, Nordgren S, Brevinge H, Lagerstedt K, Lundholm K.
Cancer Immun. 2008 Feb 29;8:5.
PMID: 18307280
MHC II protein (HLA-DP, -DQ, -DR) levels and infiltration by CD4+ T-helper cells of tumor stroma increased upon NSAID treatment, while CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocytes increased in both tumor stroma and epithelium. Molecules associated with immunosuppressive T regulatory cells (FOXP3, IL-10) were significantly decreased in indomethacin-exposed tumors. Standard oral administration of NSAID three days preoperatively was enough to increase tumor infiltration by seemingly activated immune cells. These findings agree with previous information that high prostanoid activities in colorectal cancer increase the risk for reduced disease-specific survival following tumor resection. -
Apr 16, 09
nduction of regulatory T cell-resistant helper CD4+ T cells by bacterial vector.
Nishikawa H, Tsuji T, Jäger E, Briones G, Ritter G, Old LJ, Galán JE, Shiku H, Gnjatic S.
Blood. 2008 Feb 1;111(3):1404-12. Epub 2007 Nov 6.
PMID: 17986662 -
Apr 16, 09
Multiple roles for CD4+ T cells in anti-tumor immune responses.
Kennedy R, Celis E.
Immunol Rev. 2008 Apr;222:129-44. Review.
PMID: 18363998
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065X.2008.00616.x -
Apr 16, 09
The inflammatory Th 17 subset in immunity against self and non-self antigens.
Jin D, Zhang L, Zheng J, Zhao Y.
Autoimmunity. 2008 Mar;41(2):154-62. Review.
PMID: 18324485
DOI: 10.1080/08916930701776605
T helper cells (Th cells) are traditionally thought to differentiate into Th1 and Th2 subsets based on their cytokine profiles. Recently, a subset of interleukin (IL)-17-producing cells (Th17 cells) which develop and function in a distinct way from Th1 or Th2 cells has been identified. Th17 cells have been shown to play a crucial role in the induction of autoimmune tissue injuries, inflammation and infection. Studies on Th17 subset and its relevant issues offered potential therapeutic targets for patients with autoimmune diseases, cancer, infection and transplant, which may have significant impacts in the prevention and/or treatment of immunity-related diseases in clinics. -
Apr 16, 09
Interleukin 2-mediated conversion of ovarian cancer-associated CD4+ regulatory T cells into proinflammatory interleukin 17-producing helper T cells.
Leveque L, Deknuydt F, Bioley G, Old LJ, Matsuzaki J, Odunsi K, Ayyoub M, Valmori D.
J Immunother. 2009 Feb-Mar;32(2):101-8.
PMID: 19238008
doi: 10.1097/CJI.0b013e318195b59e
Thus, although the impact of TH17 cells on the evolution of EOC remains to be established, our data suggest that local IL-2 treatment in ovarian cancer may result in the conversion of tumor-associated Treg into TH17 cells, relieve Treg-mediated suppression, and contribute to enhance antitumor immunity. -
Apr 16, 09
T-helper/T-regulator lymphocyte ratio as a new immunobiological index to quantify the anticancer immune status in cancer patients.
Brivio F, Fumagalli L, Parolini D, Messina G, Rovelli F, Rescaldani R, Vigore L, Vezzo R, Vaghi M, Di Bella S, Lissoni P.
In Vivo. 2008 Sep-Oct;22(5):647-50.
PMID: 18853761
RESULTS: The mean TH/TR ratio observed in patients with metasytases was significantly lower with respect to that found in both patients without metastases and controls. On the contrary, the absolute mean number of T-reg cells was higher in patients with metastases than in those without, but the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The evaluation of T-reg cells in terms of their proportion with respect to T-helper cell total number seems to be more appropriate than the simple measurement of their absolute count, in order to quantify cancer-related immunosuppression. Thus, the TH/TR ratio could represent a useful biological marker to explore the immune status of cancer patients. -
Apr 10, 09
Combination immunotherapy of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: a phase 2 trial.
Barrera JL, Verastegui E, Meneses A, Zinser J, de la Garza J, Hadden JW.
Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2000 Mar;126(3):345-51.
PMID: 10722007
The natural cytokine mixture is a collection of natural human cytokines induced from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. It contains IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, interferon gamma, tumor necrosis factor , and granulocyte-macrophage and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in nanogram quantities. It lacks IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-7.
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This IRX-2 strategy uses perilymphatic local administration along with contrasuppression with low-dose cyclophosphamide and indomethacin and with zinc replacement therapy (as an immunorestorative). The data presented herein demonstrate that H&N SCC can respond very well to immunotherapy: there was a response rate of 100% in this series of 15 patients, with clinical reduction in tumor (1 complete response, 7 partial responses, and 7 minor responses) and histological evidence of tumor regression of 42%. Overall, the average combined estimated tumor reduction exceeded 70%. Also, patients with oral cancer noted marked analgesic and hemostatic effects from this therapy, with healing of oral lesions.
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It is important to note that adjuvant chemotherapy is not used at INCAN. Many studies23 indicate that treatment with fluorouracil and cisplatin, the combination most in use, is effective for reducing tumors in the majority of patients; however, with no meaningful impact on survival, their routine use in the United States has recently been questioned.24-25 The expense, toxic effects, and lack of effectiveness of both drugs has made their use in other less affluent countries unwarranted. The current data on the use of IRX-2 in this and other protocols8-10 hint at improved survival, and a phase 3 randomized controlled study comparing this protocol with chemotherapy arm is to be initiated.
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Apr 14, 09
Inhibition of suppressor T lymphocytes (Ts) by cimetidine.
Sahasrabudhe DM, McCune CS, O'Donnell RW, Henshaw EC.
J Immunol. 1987 May 1;138(9):2760-3.
PMID: 2952721
Cyclophosphamide (CY) is the most extensively studied inhibitor of suppressor T lymphocyte (Ts) function. However, repeated administration of CY can abrogate sensitization. Therefore, we were interested in identifying noncytotoxic inhibitors of Ts function as adjuncts in the immunotherapy of Ts-inducing murine tumors. The effect of cimetidine (a histamine type 2 receptor antagonist) and diphenhydramine (a histamine type 1 receptor antagonist) on the Ts mediating tolerance to 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene was studied. We report our data regarding the specific inhibition of Ts by cimetidine.
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Apr 14, 09
Inhibition of T suppressor cell expression by histamine type 2 (H2) receptor antagonists.
Griswold DE, Alessi S, Badger AM, Poste G, Hanna N.
J Immunol. 1984 Jun;132(6):3054-7.
PMID: 6202771 -
Apr 14, 09
Cimetidine and the immune response. I. In vivo augmentation of nonspecific and specific immune response.
Ershler WB, Hacker MP, Burroughs BJ, Moore AL, Myers CF.
Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 1983 Jan;26(1):10-7.
PMID: 6872335 -
Apr 14, 09
Cimetidine abrogates suppressor T cell function in vitro.
Palacios R, Alarcon-Segovia D.
Immunol Lett. 1981 Apr;3(1):33-7.
PMID: 6456223 [
doi:10.1016/0165-2478(81)90092-4
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