Nicole Dillard's List: Research info on Hx of disabilities

• 1980’s
  The Amendments of 1983 included more of the  now-familiar IDEA elements, including state-provided parent training/information  centers, school-to-work transition programs, and early-intervention program  funding. 1986’s Amendments provided a more comprehensive program at the state  level for early intervention services for infants and preschoolers (“Part H”).

• • Transition - use as advocacy and adult services
• Job Accommodation Network (JAN) set up by President’s Committee  on Employment of the Handicapped to assist businesses who hire disabled  employees.
• The Willowbrook Wars: A Decade of Struggle for Social Justice,  by David J. Rothman and Sheila M. Rothman is published in 1984. The book  chronicles the judiciary process of closing Willowbrook Developmental Center in  Staten Island, New York. It also looked at the outcome of the case ARC v.  Rockefeller and outcomes for the individuals living at Willowbrook.

  • Protrays evidence of advocacy for indiviudals with disabilites
• Supported Work Program launched by NYS Office of Mental Retardation and  Developmental Disabilities serving a wide range of persons with  disabilities, particularly those who are difficult to place. The program  provides training and preparation necessary to obtain gainful employment and to  receive the prevailing wage (minimum or above).
• • Transition - Adult services
• • Transition - advocacy
• • Transition - Adult services
• • Transition - further evidence of advocacy for individuals with closing of Willowbrook
• • Education

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• • Litigation of the 1980s concerning individuals with disabilities.
    Use in Transition course.
• The parents of "Baby Doe" in Bloomington, Indiana, are advised by their doctors  to deny a surgical procedure to unblock their newborn's esophagus, because the  baby has Down Syndrome. Although disability rights activists try to intervene,  Baby Doe starves to death before legal action can be taken. The case prompts the  Reagan Administration to issue regulations calling for the creation of "Baby Doe  squads" to safeguard the civil rights of disabled newborns.
• The Baby Jane Doe case, like the 1982 Bloomington Baby Doe case, involves an  infant being denied needed medical care because of her disability. The case  results in litigation argued before the U.S. Supreme Court in Bowen v. American  Hospital Association, and in passage of the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment  Act Amendments of 1984.
• The U.S. Supreme Court rules, in Irving Independent School District v. Tatro,  that school districts are required under the Education for All Handicapped  Children Act of 1975 to provide intermittent catheterization, performed by the  school nurse or a nurse's aide, as a "related service" to a disabled student.  School districts can no longer refuse to educate a disabled child because they  might need such a service.
• The U.S. Supreme Court rules, in Burlington School Committee v. Department of  Education, that schools must pay the expenses of disabled children enrolled in  private programs during litigation under the Education for All Handicapped  Children Act of 1975, if the courts rule such placement is needed to provide the  child with an appropriate education in the least restrictive environment.
• The U.S. Supreme Court rules, City of Cleburne v. Cleburne Living Center, that  localities cannot use zoning laws to prohibit group homes for people with  developmental disabilities from opening in a residential area sole because its  residents are disabled.
• The U.S. Supreme Court, in Honig v. Doe, affirms the "stay put rule" established  under the Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975, under which school  authorities cannot expel or suspend or otherwise move disabled children from the  setting agreed upon the child's Individualized Education Program (IEP) without a  due process hearing.
• The federal appeals court, in ADAPT v. Skinner, rules that federal regulations  requiring that transit authorities spend only 3 percent of their budgets on  access are arbitrary and discriminatory

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• • Use as reference for Transition class
• The Fair Housing Amendments Act, the prelude to the Americans with Disabilities  Act, expanded the protections of the Civil Righ ts Act of 1968 to include both  people with disabilities and families with children. It expanded the scope of  accessible housing from that which received public funds to all new multifamily  housing with four or more units, both public and private. For the first time, a  person with a disability could reasonably expect to be able to seek accessible  housing in the open market.

• And finally, the first version of the Americans with Disabilities Act went  before Congress, crafted not by radicals in the disability movement, but by  Reagan appointees to the National Council on Disability. At this time the  disability movement, from the conservative to the radical wing of the movement,  was unified in the view that what was needed was not a new and better brand of  social welfare system, but a fundamental examination and redefinition of the  democratic tradition of equal opportunity and equal rights.
  

   

  In just two years, Congress passed this ambitious legislation and in 1990,  President George Bush held the largest signing ceremony in history on the south  lawn of the White House, an historic moment for all people with disabilities.  The passage of the ADA was to some degree effected by members of Congress  realizing their obligation to ensure civil rights to all Americans.

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