U-shaped closed eyes: When rightside-up, can often indicate calm, exasperation, shame, or irritation. When upside-down, it indicates joy, nervousness, or pride, but sometimes also indicates irritation. For some characters, especially in
Pokemon, a character's pupil may form this shape instead of their whole eye, basically because they are normally incapable of blinking. The shape can also be overexaggerated depending on the level of their emotion.
He also did some eye-tracking studies comparing the eye movements of an "expert" versus a "non-frequent" manga reader. The "non-expert" fixated far more on word balloons than images and had higher reading times. On the other hand, the "expert" reader ma - Nele Noppe on 2007-12-06