David NIchols's List: 17th Century American Essay

• he bloodiest conflict in 17th-century New England

  • If you are researching #6, this is an imporant statement. Furthermore, it would help your essay to find out exactly what are the numbers of people lost and compare that number to other wars in American history.
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• By the 1660s settlers had outgrown their dependence on the Indians for wilderness survival techniques and had substituted fishing and commerce for the earlier lucrative fur trade
• eventually eradicating native military resistance to the European colonization of that region

  • This is a major result.
• When three Wampanoags were executed (June 1675) for the murder of an informer, John Sassamon, Metacom could no longer hold his young warriors in check,
• Tribes had to fight to protect their homelands;

  • This is a Native American reason for the war, how are the two culture's goals different from each other?
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• The peace was first shattered by the Pequot War in 1637.

  • This is one cause for #5
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• federation of tribes

  • This means that he joined forces with other tribes. He was a Wampanoag, and he joined forces with the former rivals like the Pequots, the Naragansets, and the Nausets.
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• some 600 Europeans and 3,000 Indians lost their lives

  • For essay #6 you should divide this number by the estimated population at the time to include some interesting numbers.
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• King Philip’s War was one of the costliest confrontations in colonial history
• By the end of 1675 many frontier towns had been devastated, and the Narragansett had been wiped out in what was called the Great Swamp Figh
• Thereafter settlers felt free to expand without fear into former Indian territory across southern New England.

  • Think of how this model was repeated in American History. For essay #6, you should look into the "Trail of Tears", the "Indian Removal Act", and "The Great Indian Wars".
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• “Praying Indians”

  • The most famous "praying Indians" were the Naticks (our neighboring town is named after them). A minister named John Eliot converted many of them in a small church in what we call South Natick today. You can still see the church and its burying ground:
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• This is not a SOURCE, this is simply the results of a different kind of google search. If you are looking to use information on this page as a source be sure that you use the links in green as your source information. - David NIchols on 2009-12-09

• Salem Village

  • Today known as Danvers, MA
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• accusations began   with two young girls who lived in the home of the Rev. Samuel Parris
• In 1692 a   new Village committee opposed to Parris was elected.

  • Many of the people in this committee were eventually accused of witchcraft. Is there a possible revenge motive?
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• heir actions were   similar to that of the Goodwin children in Boston

  • You can see that Salem was not the first settlement to have people accused of witchcraft. This event was very public and we can be confident that the Abigail and Betty knew many of the details. Is this event their inspiration?
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• Several young friends of Betty Parris   and Abigail Williams, also exhibited similar behavior.

  • Is this simply peer pressure? Are the girls getting attention they would not have normally received? Think about what you know about the role of girls in Puritan society.
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• They were all children   of influential families in the Village and supporters of Rev. Parris

  • Can we see a political motive here?
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• The   first to be accused were easy targets of social prejudice: Sarah   Good, a homeless mother and beggar, Tituba,   the Indian slave of the Re

  • What do these women have in common? (besides being accused of witchcraft). What do you think the author means by "easy targets of social prejudice"?
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• She confessed

  • This will make sense when you think about the women who refused to plead guilty. Think about Tituba's role in this society and try and think like a person in her situation.
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• Emboldened

  • What does this word mean? Why is the meaning important in order to understand how the events "snowballed" ?
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• respected members of the church.

  • Respected members, but still members of the committee against Parris.
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• Accusations   also began to spread up the social ladder to people of high social status

  • Why do you think this happened?
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• Stoughton supported the validity   of spectral evidence used by the girls and young women in their accusations

  • This is one of the key reasons why so many people were put to death with little or no evidence.
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• The records show that 47 people confessed   to witchcraft
• All those who confessed were   saved, whereas those who maintained their innocence were executed

  • This is why Tituba confessed
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• here are some in Jamestown, Va., who think their town is the true birthplace of America, in large part because it was founded first.

  • One of the central questions here is, what is "America's Hometown?" Is it America's first successful colony, or is it the colony that gives America its values?
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• the colony begun by the Pilgrims in 1620 proved more important to the founding of the American nation.
• symposium

  • a meeting or conference for the discussion of some subject, esp. a meeting at which several speakers talk on or discuss a topic before an audience.
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• Schmidt, director of a historic house built in 1699 by the grandson of Pilgrim Edward Winslow, said the fundamentally inexact concept of an "American hometown" could be expressed as "who held the first press conference."

  • What do you normally think of when you think of a press conference? What is another way of saying this?
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• hifflet argued that religion was also part of Virginia's settlements, the Mayflower Compact was relatively unimportant, Massachusetts colonists destroyed Indian settlements in the Pequot War and King Philip's War, and no "first Thanksgiving" actually took place in Plymouth.

  • An arguement against Plymouth
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• Shifflet came up with a scorecard
• amestown for having the first representative governing body, the first African members, economic initiatives, and other firsts

  • To call the African colonists "members" is a bit tricky. They were not brought to Jamestown voluntarily
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• America's hometown - defined by the dictionary as the place where one "grew up" - concluding "America grew up because of Plymouth.
• the values of its founders influenced and reflected American values, its history paralleled and influenced the nation's growth,

  • What exactly are these values?
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• Unlike Jamestown's settlers, who were employees of the Virginia Company, the Pilgrims came to the new world as families and members of a religious congregation who "risked their lives" to "create a new community.

  • What value is this?
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• Plymouth Rock became a symbol of endurance
• the Mayflower Compact expressed a people's desire to govern themselves, and the First Thanksgiving represented the desire to live in peace with neighbors

• Bob Hale of Duxbury said America's hometown was largely "a motto," and no one place can be representative of the nation.

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• Hutchinson's "crime" was expressing religious beliefs that were different from the colony's rulers. In the year 1637, in Massachusetts Bay Colony, that was against the law--especially for a woman.

  • Today we have the First Amendment to the Constitution. This would have protected Anne Hutchinson from Puritan judgement. Do you think James Madison, the author of the first amendment, had Hutchinson in mind when he wrote this law?
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• Hutchinson believed that people could communicate directly with God--without the help of ministers or the Bible.

  • Why is this belief threatening to a Puritan government?
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• The Church controlled the political power.
• Anne Hutchinson's meetings deeply divided the colony--and caused alarm among the colony's leaders.
• hey believed that women should obey men at all times, and that women should be forbidden to teach about religion. And they feared that if people followed Anne Hutchinson, the ministers would lose their influence over the people.

  • "Well behaved women rarely make history" - Laurel Thatcher Urlich. Do you think the Puritan minsters were going to be more open to women if Hutchinson never spoke up?
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• eld meetings that were "not tolerable" in the sight of God. In addition, she had stepped beyond the bounds of what was allowed for women.
• Hutchinson.
• used the Bible and the men's own words to skillfully defend herself. She stated that holding meetings in the home to discuss religion had been a common Puritan practice in England.
• he used the Bible and the men's own words to skillfully defend herself. She stated that holding meetings in the home to discuss religion had been a c
• ommon Puritan practice in England
• only God could be her judge
• But even amidst persecution, the idea of religious freedom grew

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• When Anne Hutchinson was banished for her spiritual beliefs in 1638, one person came to her side in support, Mary Dyer.

  • There were other supporters, but Mary Dyer was the most famous
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• Massachusetts Puritan leadership saw the Quaker faith as a far more threatening influence than an individual heretic like Hutchinson.

  • Quakers ( or the Religious Society of Friends) believes that all people have the ability to receives "God's message". In other words, God speaks to individuals not just ministers. This is very similiar to what Anne Hutchinson claimed.
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• Within a few weeks, they did return to Boston to protest the repression on conscience. They were arrested and tried again

  • Here is where the real heroics of this story are. Mary Dyer would have fully known what the consequences were for returning to Boston. However, she still returned to protest what she felt was a immoral law.
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• stayed her execution

  • This means he let her live
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• Seven months later she returned to face the law

  • This demostrates how strongly she felt about her beliefs. She literaly escaped death and still returned to die for her beliefs.
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• As a result, her husband William returned to the King of England, who pressured Massachusetts to end the martyring of Quakers. He also agreed to the Lively Experiment, which made Rhode Island the first place where citizens were insured a right to freely practice any religion.
• The faith of Mary Dyer inspired a new tolerance, which was enshrined in Massachusetts Constitution, which later became the model for the U.S. Constitution's Bill of Rights.

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