mersal khwaja's List: Quarter 3 TP Truman Doctorine

• • Clare, John. "Truman Doctrine." GCSE Modern World History. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Feb. 2012.
• • The Truman Doctrine was a reaction to the violation against the promises of the Yalta Conference where Stalin agreed not take over many of the eastern European countries that he did.
• The Truman Doctrine was a response to a   crisis.  

  Behind it lay the Communist/Soviet takeover of many of the   countries of eastern Europe by ‘salami tactics’ – which, Truman alleged, was   in breach of Stali

  n’s promises at the Yalta Conference
• • Truman Persuaded Congress using three key components:
    1) the US got involved in WWII and the UN to protect freedom and democracy
    2) Communism was spreading like wildfire
    3) If the US did not step up to the plate no one else would

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    First, he reminded Congress that the USA had   fought the Second World War and joined the United Nations to protect freedom   and democracy
• Next, he claimed that the power of Communism   was growing

•  

    At the present   moment in world history nearly every nation must choose between alternative   ways of life.
• • TD Function: "support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation"
• • Truman Doctrine changed American foreign policy, moving out of isolationism; in contrast to the Monroe Doctrine

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    Up until Truman’s speech, the most powerful   influence in American foreign policy had been the ‘Monroe Doctrine’ – a   statement in 1823 by American President James Monroe that America ought to   keep out of European affairs.   The Truman Doctrine overturned the Monroe   Doctrine absolutely:

• I recently requested that the Congress authorize for the prevention of   starvation and suffering in countries devastated by the war.

   

       

   

    In this way, the Truman Doctrine led directly   to the Marshall Plan – the plan to contain communism by helping the   economies of Europe to get going again – which was ratified by Congress in   1948.
• • The Marshall Plan was a continuum of the US' goal to contain communism. When the economy of countries are doing well, generally people turn to democracy for it represents the people; on the other hand, if economies do poorly, usually people turn to communism because of its dictatorial rights. The U.S. later benefited from the Marshall Plan giving it trading partners, ultimately helping their own economy.
• • Due to Greece's geographical position, the fall of Greece would lead to a serier of calamities. 
    1) Turkey would be in great danger
    2) Cause major disorder throughout the whole Middle East
    3) Set an unpromising example to other nations fighting for their freedom

•  

    It is necessary   only to glance at a map to realize that the survival and integrity of the   Greek nation are of grave importance in a much wider situation.
• by sending military aid to ‘friendly’ nations)   it set a

  precedent for the principle of ‘collective security’ –   building up a network of allies

  and friendly states to which the US gave   military aid free of charge (this became known as the Military Assistance   Program).   Ultimately, it was to lead to NATO.
• • TD ultimately led to the formation of NATO with the nations the US gave military aid to
• In America, Truman’s   presentation of the global threat of Communism whipped up an   anti-Communist hysteria which was to end in the ‘Red Scare’ of the   1950s.   In Russia, the rhetoric of Truman’s speech convinced the Soviets   that America was indeed a threat to Soviet Communism, and it substantially  enflamed the Cold War.
• • TD led to an anti-Communist hysteria and the "Red Scare" in the US
    In the USSR Soviets viewed the TD as a threat to Soviet Communism provoking the Cold War 
• I believe th

  at   it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are   resistin

  g attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures.
• • Policy of "Containment" - limiting the spread of Communism, however, not intervening in nations communism already exists
• Communism could keep what it had got, but he would not let it grow any   more

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• • Sexton, Aimee. "Truman Library, Truman Doctrine Activity." Harry S. Truman Library and Museum. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Feb. 2012.
• On Friday, February   21, 1947, the British Embassy informed the U.S. State Department officials   that Great Britain could no longer provide financial aid to the governments   of Greece and Turkey. American policymakers had been monitoring Greece's   crumbling economic and political conditions, especially the rise of the   Communist-led insurgency known as the National Liberation Front, or the   EAM/ELAS. The United States had also been following events in Turkey,   where a weak government faced Soviet pressure to share control of the   strategic Dardanelle Straits. When Britain announ

  ced that it would withdraw   aid to Greece and Turkey, the responsibility was passed on to the United   States.
• • British Embassy informs the U.S. State Department on February 21, 1947 that they will be stepping down from aiding the governments of Greece and Turkey. The responsibility then fell upon the U.S.
• H

  e stated that more was at stake than Gre

  ece and Turkey

  , for if those   two key states should fall, Communism would likely spread south to Iran   and as far east as India.
• • Effects of Greece and Turkey falling - communism potentially could spread south to Iran and possibly as far east as India
• However, one thing is   for certain, the Truman Doctrine signaled America's post war embrace of   global leadership and ended its longstanding policy of isolationism.
• • TD - caused for America's acceptance of global leadership and cease to its policy of isolationism

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• • "Truman Doctrine." United States American History. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Feb. 2012.
• At that meeting, Acheson presented the idea that would later become known as the Domino Theory, which held that when one nation falls to communism, neighboring states are weakened and eventually fall themselves.
• • Undersecretary of State Dean Acheson explains the Domino Theory to Congress, explaining how as one nation falls into the hands of communism it weakens their neighboring states and eventually they will also fall into communism.
• The gravity of the situation which confronts the world today necessitates my appearance before a joint session of the Congress. The foreign policy and the national security of this country are involved.
• • Truman addresses that the United States foreign policy and national security are involved with communism taking over other countries

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• • Blunden, Andy. "The Aftermath of the Second World War." Marxists Internet Archive. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Feb. 2012. 
• Under the Marshall Plan the US provided 'friendly' governments in Europe with $17,000 million in investment between 1948 and 1952 and succeeded in stimulating the reconstruction of capitalism.
• • The TD was followed by the Marshall Plan to provide European governments money in efforts to reconstruct capitalism.

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• • Kreis, Steven. "Lecture 14: The Origins of the Cold War." The History Guide. N.p., 4 Aug. 2009. Web. 21 Feb. 2012.
• • The Truman Doctrine acted as the first formal declaration in the Cold War and it set the US' position concerning containment.
• The  TRUMAN DOCTRINE of March 12, 1947 announced aid to Greece  and Turkey in the stated context of a general war against communism. Aid in the amount of  $400 million was approved by the House and Senate by a margin of three to one. In many  ways, the Truman Doctrine marked the formal declaration of the cold war between the United  States and the Soviet Union -- it also solidified the United States' position regarding  containment.

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