Malachi Smith's List: THE WORLD THAT WAS

• July 23, 2008
• Unique fossil discovery shows Antarctic was once much warmer
•    

  Figure of the fossil ostracod from the Dry Valleys.
• The specimen is less than 1 mm long, but preserves an array of soft tissues including legs and mouth parts. The head end is to the right.
• This is the only fossil of its kind from the Antarctic, and is special from the point of view of fossilization style and for its implications about a warmer tundra climate persisting here in the Miocene. Image: Mark Williams, University of Leicester
• The discovery by an international team of scientists is published today in Proceedings of the Royal Society B. It involved researchers from the University of Leicester, North Dakota State University, the British Geological Survey, Queen Mary University of London, and Boston University.
• The team made a new fossil discovery in the Dry Valleys of the East Antarctic region.
• The fossils (ostracods) come from an ancient lake - 14 million years old - and are exceptionally well preserved, with all of their soft anatomy in 3-dimensions.
• Dr Mark Williams from the Department of Geology at the University of Leicester said: "This is a rare occurrence in the fossil record - but is the first of its kind from the whole of the Antarctic continent.
• "Notwithstanding the significance of the fossil preservation, the presence of lake ostracods at this latitude, 77 degrees south, is also of great note.
• Present conditions in this Antarctic region show mean annual temperatures of minus 25 degrees C. These are impossible conditions to sustain a lake fauna with ostracods."
• "The fossils therefore show that there has been a substantial and very intense cooling of the Antarctic climate after this time interval that is important for tracking the development of the Antarctic icesheet – a key factor in understanding the effects of global warming.
• "The fossil ostracods of the Dry Valleys signal a high latitude lake viable for animal colonisation that indicates a dramatic change in the climate of this region, from tundra conditions 14 million years ago, to the intensely cold continental interior climate experienced today."
• The researchers point out that there is no evidence to suggest the fossil discovery points to a once widespread Antarctic lake ostracod fauna: "It is most likely their introduction was by chance, perhaps via birds as dispersal of ostracod eggs attached to the feathers or feet of migratory birds is an important influence on modern ostracod distribution."
• The ostracods were discovered by Richard Thommasson, an undergraduate student, during screening of the sediment in Prof. Allan Ashworth's lab at North Dakota State University.

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• Wednesday, 30 July 2008
• Prehistoric land under the sea
• A dramatic geological mystery has been discovered off the north coast of Northern Ireland.

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• Discovery  of vast prehistoric works built by Giants?
• The  Geoglyphs of Teohuanaco
• February 24, 2008
• By David E.  Flynn
    <!--- copywrite only show on NON commentary pages as per joseph meeting 8/23/06 ------>  <!-- copyright -->  © 2008 RaidersNewsNetwork
• The  size and scope of David Flynn's  Teohuanaco discovery simply surpasses  comprehension.
• Mammoth traces of  intelligence carved in stone and  covering hundreds of square miles.
• For  those who understand what they are  seeing here for the first time, this  could indeed be the strongest evidence  ever found of prehistoric engineering by  those who were known and feared  throughout the ancient world as  gods. 
    ~ Thomas Horn

• 

   

  This satellite image (above) is a portion of the Andean foothills surrounding Lake Titicaca in Bolivia, South America.
• It is a small sample of a vast network of patterns that surround the lake and extend for more than one hundred miles south into the Bolivian desert.
• The patterns display geometric repetition and intelligent design. There are interlocking rectangular cells and mounds, perfectly straight lines and tree like arrays that are uncharacteristic with natural erosion.
• These cover every topographical feature of the high plateau surrounding the lake, over flood plains, hills, cliffs and mountains.
• Although these geoglyphs are remarkable in their obvious strangeness, what is more astounding is that  they have remained in obscurity until now.
• In the same way  modern archeologists recently found  the ruins of hidden Mayan temples in the  Guatemalan jungle by using earth  orbiting satellites, we have discovered what  could be one of the greatest finds of our time.
• Directly South of Lake Titicaca the foothills are embossed with mound and rope arrangements of earth and rock. These form a contiguous ‘geomantic’ and ‘circuit like’ network visible only from the air. 
• 
   
    The ‘dendrite’ forms above seem to be the most extensive patterns on the Bolivian Altiplano (the 226 foot “747” airplane is inserted for scale).
• When viewed from above the terrain appears disconcertingly ‘alien’ and surreal.
• The combined mass of the walls on these mountains below easily rivals Hadrian’s 73 mile long wall in England. 
   
     

• 

   

  [Important:  Click image above for larger pic showing  straight lines, hard angel patterns,  massive patchwork artificiality]

   

  Perfectly straight  lines and repeated sharp angle turns such  as pictured do not occur through natural  erosion.
• One hundred and twenty miles south of Lake Titicaca , near  Chata, Bolivia, lines and geometric shapes were set in the ground by removal of earth at different depths, leaving various colors of strata underneath exposed.
• The effect is like a Zen garden covering the entire desert.
• 
   
    (Above) Amazing patterns on the Bolivian  desert cover approximately 10 square miles.
• 
   
    Close up of the same area in the Bolivian desert, approximately one square mile.
• Though geologists believe that Lake Titicaca has been receding for nearly 13,000 years, having been formed at the end of the last ice age, patterns of stripes are evident under the lake’s shoreline for a distance of at least nearly two miles before being obscured by the waters depths.
• At first glance the stripes appear to be cultivation plots. However, they are extremely narrow in relation to their length… some 5 feet wide to several thousand feet long. 
   
     
• 
   
    Above is a ground view of the linear features as they extend from the shore of the Lake. They appear to have been scored into the ground.
• No explanation of their purpose is recorded by the local Indians, only that they are remnants of the civilization of  Vircocha, the Inca god of creation. 
• 
   
    Twelve miles south of Lake Titicaca, located within the center of the array of  geoglyphs, lies the megalithic ruins of  Tiahuanaco.
• Known as the "American Stonehenge" or the  "Baalbek of the New World”, its architecture exhibits technological skill that exceeds modern feats of building.
• At  Tiahuanaco, immense stone works were joined with modular fittings and complex breach-locking levels that have never been seen in any other ancient culture.
• Many of the blocks were joined together  with‘t’ shaped metal clamps that were poured into place by a portable forge.
• According to engineers, one of the largest single stones ever to be moved and put into building anywhere on earth (about 400 tons) was transported to Tiahuanaco from a quarry over two hundred miles away. This feat is more incredible when one realizes the route of transport was through a mountain range up to 15,000 feet.
• Conventional historians assign the age of buildings of Tiahuanaco at around 600 B.C., believing that a pre-Inca civilization, without benefit of the wheel, modern tools or even a written language constructed these architectural marvels. 
• 
   
      Tiahuanco Bolivia: Image from Hermanos French- American expedition in 1903.
• The historian Arthur Posnansky studied the area for over 50 years and observed that sediment had been deposited over the site to the depth of six feet.
• Within this overburden, produced by a massive flood of water sometime around the Pleistocene age (13,000 years ago) fossilized human skulls were unearthed together with sea shells and remnants of tropical plants.
• 1. The skulls have nearly three times the cranial capacity of modern man and are displayed in the La Paz museum in Bolivia. 2 
• An ancient shoreline was etched into the hills surrounding Tiahuanaco that had been lifted out of the horizontal plane.
• Additionally there were lime deposits on the surface of the exposed megaliths, indicating that they had been submerged in water.

• Posnansky wrote: 

   

     

  The climate is dry, the foliage is scanty, the weather is cold, the neighboring people wretchedly poor and few in number. The top soil of the plateau is a two-foot dry deposit, now soft stone.
• Below it stands the lignite of charred tropical plants.
• Next come a layer of ash deposited amidst rainfall, and then appears an alluvial deposit.
• In such a place, one would normally expect merely a scanty soil, windswept, on rocky ground. 3 
• The geoglyphs in this area are found extant in all three layers of stratum, described by  Posnansky, some of the most complex and ancient were carved into bedrock.
• In places the rock was hewn into intricate mazes, rectilinear cells, mounds and other geometry. These can be seen protruding from the valley floor of ice age sediment. 
• At the outskirts of the Bolivian village of  Viacha, entire hills were excised in this manner. Other examples can be seen near the village of Batallas and  Ancocahua, and on the foothills around Pucarani and  Machacamarca.
• The geologically younger stratum around these patterns is easy to discern in satellite images. 
   
     
   
   
• Though remnants of ancient farming, known as suka kollus in the local Aymara language (artificially raised fields) can be seen among these geoglyphic features, these are found in the valleys and are easily distinguishable from the majority of glyph patterns around Lake  Titicaca. 
• 
   
    The raised farming fields (viewed above) are distinctly labyrinth in design and though extensive, constitute a small portion of the patterns that appear more ‘ritualistic’ in design.
• However, because these features are so ancient and no longer used for farming due to the poor climate, they are termed “fossilized suka  kollus” by archaeologists.
• The horizontal terracing seen on many hills around the lake seem to have been designed to collect and hold rain water to create additional farming land.
• However, the vertical features that are far more extensive on the Altiplano are composed of rock piles and in some places they are hewn into the bed rock itself.
• Vertical walls of earth and rock cannot have been built to hold water. Some areas exhibit rectangular cells, others, perfect circles. 
•  
   
    The geoglyphic pattern above is found 12 miles to the north east of Lake Titicaca and is 13,500 feet above sea level. Its function is not consistent with any Inca farming technique.
• Their culture inherited most its technology and legend from civilization stretching far into antiquity.
• The Inca civilization was relatively short lived, lasting only 100 years.
• It is known that the Inca and their predecessors possessed no written language. Instead they used an arrangement of knotted ropes that communicated extremely complex information. This system, called  'quipus' was only understood by the highly trained Inca elite.
• The Spanish explorers recorded that the quipus was capable of recording not only census and crop records but lineage of kings and narratives of history.
• Examples of quipus from the pre-Inca cultures have recently been discovered in excavations in Peru dating to c. 3000 B.C. 4

• More significantly, the knotted and colored patterns of ropes that formed the quipus seems to be represented in stone among some of the more ancient geoglyphs on the Alti Plano.
   
     

   

  

   

   
   
    Examples of Quipus knot writing of the Inca.

• 

   

  The similarities of the quipus type rock glyphs and examples of Inca quipus rope are compellingly similar. The monumental work required to carve these geoglyphs suggest the importance of the message they conveyed.
• It is also remarkable that the knotted configurations of quipus seem to have been carved into the bedrock of hills rising above sediment that was deposited over the bedrock itself. This suggests that the age of these features is in excess of many thousands of years.
• As in the case of the Nazca lines of Peru, the Tiahuanaco geoglyphs represent hundreds of years in construction and communal effort of thousands.
• However, unlike Nazca that was constructed in low altitude, the more extensive Tiahuanaco geoglyphs lie in a region that cannot support a population capable of producing such vast works, existing on a plain 12,500 feet above sea level and higher.
• Never the less, they saturate the country side for hundreds of square miles, a fact that presents enormous architectural difficulties.
• Modern day visitors to the region are advised to limit activity due to the danger of altitude sickness. In fact, hotels in La Paz actually provide supplementary oxygen for their guests. 
  
• When the first Spanish chroniclers arrived with the conquistador  Pizaro, the Inca explained that Tiahuanaco had been constructed by a race of giants, called  "Huaris", before Chamak-pacha, the "period of darkness", and was already in ruins before their civilization began.
• The giants had been created by  Viracocha, the god who came from the heavens. 
• These beings enraged the Lord, and he turned them into stone. Then he flooded the earth till all was under water, and all life extinguished.
• He (Viracocha) created animals and a race of giants.
• This flood was called uñu  pachacuti, by the Inca which means "water that overturns the land."
• They say that it rained 60 days and nights, that it drowned all created things, and that there alone remained some vestiges of those who were turned into stones.
• Viracocha rose from the bosom of Lake  Titicaca, and presided over the erection of those wondrous cities whose ruins still dot its islands and western shores, and whose history is totally lost in the night of time. 5 

• 

   

  In this image, from the Sintich Hermanos French- American expedition in 1903, shows a megalith detached from the major complex of  Tiahuanaco.
• Its surface is etched by a massive flow of water that also deposited the sediment around it. The geology of this area is characteristic of the glacial flooding associated with the end of the Pleistocene era, 13,000 years ago.
• Less than a mile from Tiahuanaco, at a place named Puma  Punko, immense stone ashlars, some in the 200 ton range were scattered and tossed like a child’s building blocks in an episode of unparalleled seismic violence.
• Posnansky believed that it was more ancient than Tiahuanaco and modern researchers have suggested that both sites may have been built over previous cultures with antiquity stretching back tens of thousands of years. 
• 
   
    A recent excavation of the ruins near  Tiahuanaco. Note the six foot layer of water borne sediment at the altitude, 12,500 feet.
• Posnansky also suggested that the Kalasasaya temple of Tiahuanaco had been aligned with the angle that the sun and planets passed overhead. This "obliqueness of the ecliptic" at Kalasasaya indicated that nearly 17,000 years had passed since the Tiahuanaco had been constructed. 6 
• 
   
      The broken hundred ton megaliths of Puma  Punku
• Modern claims of destroyed lost civilizations of earth, underground cities, giants and alien beings from the heavens are fertile subjects for ridicule. However, all these topics are found concentrated in the founding myths of the Inca and their predecessors. 

• The Peruvian historian Montesinos, in Memories  Antiguas, Histories, Politicas del Peru” wrote: 

   

     

  Cusco and the city of ruins, Tiwanaku are connected by a gigantic subterranean road. The Incas do not know who built it. They know nothing about the inhabitants of  Tiwanaku.
• In their opinion it was built by a very ancient people who later on retreated into the jungle of the Amazon.
• The Tiahunaco researcher H.S. Bellamy believed that the Tiahuanacan civilization had been destroyed by a small moon that decayed in its orbit and crashed into the earth.
• His findings were based on the hieroglyphs of the gate way of the sun in the main temple of  Tiahuanaco.
• Additionally, Bellamy wrote that the cataclysm was only one of a series produced by several captured moons.
• Tiahuanaco and Puma Punko were the last remaining edifices to cultures that existed in extreme antiquity… up to hundreds of thousands of years old. 7 
• This assertion seems to be verified in the extreme erosion of the geoglyphs in a margin around Lake Titicaca above 14,000 feet. At this altitude the surface features show the effects of prolonged rain and wind.
• Below 14,000 feet the geoglyphs remain much more intact due to being submerged in the post glacial extent of lake  Titicaca… at its largest volume c. 13,000 years ago.
• This indicates that the majority of the Tiahuanaco geoglyphs were constructed before Lake Titicaca grew to its post glacial depth. 

• A further example of the Pleistocene age of the geoglyphs is seen below on a hill to the north of Lake Titicaca at 14,000 foot margin. Near the center of the image is an alluvial fan, created by sediment bearing runoff meeting standing water.  

   

  

• A close-up of the hill reveals the highly eroded shadows of the same geoglyphic features seen throughout the area. 

   

  

• The patterns carved in the bedrock seen in the image below were covered with ice age sediment. Over time wind and rain has removed the glacial deposits to reveal the geoglyphs underneath. 

   

  
• Inca civilization founding myths of giants and world deluge agree with similar legends from the Maya, Olmec and Aztec cultures of Mexico.
• These are also consistent with Sumerian and Hebrew accounts of the flood and of giants. 
• And when the sons of men had multiplied, in those days, beautiful and comely daughters were born to them: and the Watchers, the sons of heaven saw them and desired them. And they said to one another, “come let us choose for ourselves wives from the daughters of men, and let us beget for ourselves, children”… Then said the Most High, “go to Noah and tell him that a deluge is about to come upon the whole earth, to heal the earth which the angels have corrupted, that all the children of men may not perish through all the secret things that the Watchers have disclosed.”  1 Enoch 6: 1-7 10.
• The Greeks too believed that the giants were responsible for the creation of megalithic structures that have been discovered over the entire earth.

• Islamic folklore also describes the “building” activity of a race of super beings called the ‘Jinn’: 

   

     

  The Jinn were before Adam: They built huge cities whose ruins still stand in forgotten places.   Koran, Surah 89: 9-15, 27.

• In Egypt, the Edfu temple texts, believed to predate the Egyptians themselves explain: 

   

     

  The most ancient of earth’s temples and monuments were built to bring about the resurrection of the destroyed world of the gods.
• The impression that the Tiahuanaco geoglyphs leave is of both complexity and symbolism.
• Their extreme age and vastness conveys purpose beyond the realm of modern thought.
• If a creation of art, their purpose may have been to merge human culture with the processes of nature. However, within the Inca religious paradigm, the oldest record of the Andean region available to us, they are the vestiges of a lost civilization that knew its destiny… to be destroyed by world cataclysm.
• In this regard the geoglyphs would serve not only as a memorial of an ancient existence, but also as a warning for future humanity of the return of a destructive epoch. 
• The geoglyphs seem to be physical evidence that supports the Middle and South American myths of world deluge and giants.
• Their discovery in modern times fits Inca and Mayan prophecies of an “awakening” to knowledge of the ancient past, of the ‘builder gods’ and of their return.
• It is perhaps testament to the accuracy of these prophecies that the date, December 21st, 2012 is known so widely in modern times… the end of the Mayan calendar.

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• August 07, 2008
• Complete Neandertal mitochondrial genome sequenced from 38,000-year-old bone
• A study reported in the August 8th issue of the journal Cell, a Cell Press publication, reveals the complete mitochondrial genome of a 38,000-year-old Neandertal.
• The findings open a window into the Neandertals' past and helps answer lingering questions about our relationship to them.
• " For the first time, we've built a sequence from ancient DNA that is essentially without error," said Richard Green of Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Germany.
• The key is that they sequenced the Neandertal mitochondria—powerhouses of the cell with their own DNA including 13 protein-coding genes—nearly 35 times over.
• That impressive coverage allowed them to sort out those differences between the Neandertal and human genomes resulting from damage to the degraded DNA extracted from ancient bone versus true evolutionary changes.
• Although it is well established that Neandertals are the hominid form most closely related to present-day humans, their exact relationship to us remains uncertain, according to the researchers.
• The notion that Neandertals and humans may have "mixed" is still a matter of some controversy.
• Analysis of the new sequence confirms that the mitochondria of Neandertal's falls outside the variation found in humans today, offering no evidence of admixture between the two lineages although it remains a possibility.
• It also shows that the last common ancestor of Neandertals and humans lived about 660,000 years ago, give or take 140,000 years.
• Of the 13 proteins encoded in the mitochondrial DNA, they found that one, known as subunit 2 of cytochrome c oxidase of the mitochondrial electron transport chain or COX2, had experienced a surprising number of amino acid substitutions in humans since the separation from Neandertals. While the finding is intriguing, Green said, it's not yet clear what it means.
• " We also wanted to know about the history of the Neandertal's themselves," said Jeffrey Good, also of the Max-Planck Institute.
• For instance, the new sequence information revealed that the Neandertal's have fewer evolutionary changes overall, but a greater number that alter the amino acid building blocks of proteins.
• One straightforward interpretation of that finding is that the Neandertal's had a smaller population size than humans do, which makes natural selection less effective in removing mutations.
• That notion is consistent with arguments made by other scientists based upon the geological record, said co-author Johannes Krause. "Most argue there were a few thousand Neandertals that roamed over Europe 40,000 years ago."
• That smaller population might have been the result of the smaller size of Europe compared to Africa. The Neandertals also would have had to deal with repeated glaciations, he noted.
• " It's still an open question for the future whether this small group of Neandertals was a general feature, or was this caused by some bottleneck in their population size that happened late in the game?"

  • "...The Nephilim were on the earth in those days (Noah's day)..(the first and largest outbreak of fallen angelic cohabiting with human females)..and also after that...(a smaller outbreak of fallen angels after the Flood)..when the sons of God came in unto the daughters of men and begot them children by them..."
• Green said. Ultimately, they hope to get DNA sequence information for Neandertals that predated the Ice Age, to look for a signature that their populations had been larger in the past.
• Technically, the Neandertal mitochondrial genome presented in the new study is a useful forerunner for the sequencing of the complete Neandertal nuclear genome, the researchers said, a feat that their team already has well underway.

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• "The Sons of GOD" in Genesis 6:2,4. 
• This Is Appendix 23 From The Companion Bible.
• For that which is "born of the flesh is flesh". God is spirit, and that which is "born of the Spirit is spirit" (John 3:6).
• It is only by the Divine specific act of creation that any created being can be called "a son of God".
• Hence Adam is called a "son of God" in Luke 3:38. Those "in Christ" having "the new nature" which is by the direct creation of God (2 Corinthians 5:17. Ehpesians 2:10) can be, and are called "sons of God" (John 1:13. Romans 8:14,15. 1John 3:1).¹ 
• This why angels are called "sons of God" in every other place where the expression is used in the Old Testament. Job 1:6; 2:1; 38:7. Psalms 29:1; 89:6. Daniel 3:25. (no article). ²
• We have no authority or right to take the expression in Genesis 6:2,4 in any other sense. Moreover, in Genesis 6:2 the Septuagint renders it "angels". 
• Angels are called "spirits" (Psalm 104:4. Hebrews 1:7,14), for spirits are created by God. 
• That there was a fall of the angels is certain from Jude 6. 
• The nature of their fall is clearly stated in the same verse. They left their own (oiketerion). This word occurs only in 2Corinthians 5:2. Jude 6, where it is used of the spiritual (or resurrection) body.  
• The nature of their sin is stated to be "in like manner" to that of the subsequent sins of Sodom and Gomorrha, Jude 7. 
• The time of their fall is given as having taken place "in the days of Noah" (1Peter 3:20. 2Peter 2:7), though there may have been a prior fall which caused the end of "the world that then was" (Genesis 1:1,2.  2Peter 3:6). 
• For this sin they are "reserved unto judgement", 2Peter 2:4, and are "in prison", 1Peter 3:19.  
• Their progeny, called Nephilim (translated "giants"), were monsters of iniquity; and being superhuman in size and character, had to be destroyed (see Appendix 25).This was the one and only object of the Flood.
• All the rest had become "corrupt" (shachath) destroyed [as Adamites].
• Only Noah and his family had preserved their pedigree pure from Adam (Genesis 6:9 see note).
• The only remedy was to destroy it (defacto), as it had become destroyed (de jure). (It is the same word in verse 17 as in verses 11,12.) See futher under Appendix 25 on the Nephilim. 
• This irruption of fallen angels was Satan's first attempt to prevent the coming of the Seed of the woman foretold in Genesis 3:15. If this could be accomplished, God's Word would have failed, and his own doom would be averted. 
• As soon as it was made known that the Seed of the woman was to come through ABRAHAM, there must have been another irruption, as recorded in Genesis 6:4, "and also after that" (that is to say, after the days of Noah, more than 500 years after the first irruption).
• The aim of the enemy was to occupy Canaan in advance of Abraham, and so to contest its occupation by his seed. For, when Abraham entered Canaan, we read (Genesis 12:6) "the Canaanite was then (that is to say, already) in the land."
•  In the same chapter (Genesis 12:10-20) we see Satan's next attempt to interfere with Abraham's seed, and frustrate the purpose of God that it should be in "Isaac". This attempt was repeated in 20:1-18. 
• In each case the human instrument had his own personal interest to serve, while Satan had his own great object in view. Hence God had, in each case, to interfere and avert the evil and the danger, of which His servants and people were wholly ignorant.
•  This great conflict may be seen throughout the Bible, and it forms a great and important subject of Biblical study.
• The following assaults of the great Enemy stand out prominently:- 
      The destruction of the chosen family by famine, Genesis 50:20. 
      The destruction of the male line in Israel, Exodus 1:10,15, etc. Compare to Exodus 2:5. Hebrews 11:23. 
      The destruction of the whole nation in Pharaoh's pursuit, Exodus 14. 
•  After David's line was singled out (2Samuel 7), that was the next selected for assault. Satan's first assault was in the union of Jehoram and Athaliah by Jehoshaphat, notwithstanding 2Chronicles 17:1. Jehoram killed off all his brothers (2Chronicles 21:4).  
      The Arabians slew all his children, except Ahaziah (2Chronicles 21:17; 22:1). 
      When Ahaziah died, Athaliah killed "all the seed royal" (2Chronilces 22:10). The babe Joash alone was rescued; and, for six years, the faithfulness of Jehovah's word was at stake (2Chronicles 23:3). 
• Hezekiah was childless, when a double assault was made by the King of Assyria and the King of Terrors (Isaiah 36:1; 38:1). God's faithfulness was appealed to and relied on (Psalm 136). 
•  In Captivity, Haman was used to attempt the destruction of the whole nation (Esther 3:6,12,13. Compare 6:1). 
• Joseph's fear was worked on (Matthew 1:18-20). Notwithstanding the fact that he was "a just man", and kept the Law, he did not wish to have Mary stoned to death (Deuteronomy 24:1); hence Joseph determined to divorce her. But God intervened: "Fear not". 
      Herod sought the young Child's life (Matthew 2).  
      At the Temptation, "Cast Thyself down" was Satan's temptation. 
      At Nazareth, again (Luke 4), there was another attempt to cast Him down and destroy Him.  
      The two storms on the Lake were other attempts. 
•  At length the cross was reached, and the sepulchre closed; the watch set; and the stone sealed. But "God raised Him from the dead." And now, like another Joash, He is seated and expecting (Hebrews 10:12,13), hidden in the house of God on high; and the members of "the one body" are hidden there "in Him" (Colossians 3:1-3), like another Jehoshaba; and going forth to witness of His coming, like another Jehoiada (2Chronicles  23:3). 
• The irruption of "the fallen angels" ("sons of God") was the first attempt; and was directed against the whole human race.
•  When Abraham was called, then he and his seed were attacked.
• When David was enthroned, then the royal line was assailed.
• And when "the Seed of the woman" Himself came, then the storm burst upon Him.
• NOTES     ¹ The word "offspring" in Acts 17:28 is quite different. It is (genos), which means merely kin or kind, our genus as being originated by God.  
      ² In Hosea 1:10, it is not beni-ha-Elohim, as here, but beni-el-chai. 

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• The N^ephilim, or "Giants"
   of Genesis 6, etc. 
• This Is Appendix 25 From The Companion Bible.
• The  progeny of the fallen angels with the daughters of Adam (see notes on Genesis  6, and Appendix 23 are called in Genesis 6, N ^e-phil´-im, which means fallen ones (from naphal, to fall).
• They were evidently great in size, as well as great in wickedness.
• What these beings were can be gathered only from Scripture.
• They were superhuman, abnormal beings; and their destruction was necessary for the preservation of the human race, and for the faithfulness of Jehovah's Word (Genesis 3:15).  
• This was why the Flood was brouhgt "upon the world of the ungodly" (2Peter 2:5) as prophesied by Enoch (Jude 14). 
• How, it may be asked, could this be, if they were all destroyed in the Flood ? The answer is contained in Genesis   6:4, where we read: "There were N^ephilim in the earth in those days (that is to say, in the days of Noah); and also AFTER THAT, when the sons of God came in unto the daughters of men, and they bare children to them,
• But we read of the N^ephilim again in Numbers 13:33 : "there we saw the N^ephilim, the sons of Anak, which come of the N^ephilim".
• the same became [the] mighty men (Hebrew gibbor, the heroes) which were of old, men of renown" (literally, men of the name, that is to say, who got a name and were renowned for their ungodliness).
• So that "after that", that is to say, after the Flood, there was a second irruption of these fallen angels, evidently smaller in number and more limited in area, for they were for the most part confined to Canaan, and were in fact known as "the nations of Canaan". It was for the destruction of these, that the sword of Israel was necessary, as the Flood had been before.
•  As to the date of this second irruption, it was evidently soon after it became known that the seed was to come through Abraham; for, when he came out from Haran (Genesis 12:6) and entered Canaan, the significant fact is stated: "The Canaanite was then (that is to say, already) in the land."
• And in Genesis 14:5 they were already known as "Rephaim" and "Emim", and had established themselves as Ashteroth Karnaim and Shaveh Kiriathaim. 
• In chapter 15:18-21 they are enumerated and named among Canaanite Peoples: "Kenites, and the Kenizzites, and the Kadmonites, and the Hittites, and the Perizzites, and the Rephaims, and the Amorites, and the Girgashites, and the Jebusites" (Genesis 15:19-21; compare Exodus 3:8,17; 23:23. Deuteronomy 7; 20:17.   Joshua 12:8). 
• These were to be cut off, and driven out, and utterly destroyed (Deuteronomy 20:17. Joshua 3:10). But Israel failed in this (Joshua 13:13; 15:63; 16:10; 17:18.   Judges 1:19,20,28,29,30-36; 2:1-5; 3:1-7); and we know not how many got away to other countries to escape the general destruction. If this were recognized it would go far to solve many problems connected with Anthropology. 
• As to their other names, they were called Anakim,  from one Anak which came of the N^ephilim (Numbers  13:22,33),
• and R^ephaim,  from Rapha, another notable one among them.  
•  From Deuteronomy 2:10, they were known by some as Emim, and Horim, and Zamzummim (verse 20,21) and Avim, etc. 
• As R^ephaim they were well known, and are often mentioned: but, unfortunately, instead of this, their proper name, being preserved, it is variously translated as "dead", "deceased", or "giants". These R^ephaim are to have no resurrection.
• This fact is stated in Isaiah   26:14 (where the proper name is rendered "deceased", and verse 19, where it is rendered "the dead"). 
      It is rendered "dead" seven times (Job 26:5. Psalm 88:10. Proverbs 2:18; 9:18; 21:16. Isaiah 14:8;   26:19). 
      It is rendered "deceased" in Isaiah 26:14. 
• It is retained as proper name "R^ephaim" ten times (two being in the margin). Genesis 14:5; 15:20. Joshua 12:15 (margin). 2Samuel 5:18,22;   23:13. 1Chronicles 11:15; 14:9; 20:4 (margin). Isaiah 17:5.  
•  In all other places it is rendered "giants" , Genesis 6:4, Numbers 23:33, where it is N^ephilim; and Job 16:14, where it is gibbor (Appendix 14. iv). 
• By reading all these passages the Bible student may know all that can be known about these beings.
• It is certain that the second irruption took place before Genesis 14, for there the R^ephaim were mixed up with the five nations or peoples, which included Sodom and Gomorrha, and were defeated by the four kings under Chedorlaomer.
• Their principal locality was evidently "Ashtaroth Karnaim"; while the Emim were in the plain of Kiriathaim (Genesis 14:5).  
• Anak's father was Arba, the original builder of Hebron (Genesis 35:27. Joshau 15:13; 21:11); and this Palestine branch of the Anakim was not called Abrahim after him, but Anakim after Anak. They were great, mighty,   and tall (Deuteronomy 2:10,11,21,22,23; 9:2), evidently inspiring the ten spies with great fear (Numbers 12:33). Og king of Bashan is described in Deuteronomy 3:11). 
• Anak was a noted descendant of the N^ephilim; and Rapha was another, giving their names respectively to different clans.
• Their strength is seen in "the giant cities of Bashan" to-day; and we know not how far they may have been utilized by Egypt in the construction of buildings, which is still an unsolved problem.
• Arba was rebuilt by the Khabiri or confederates seven years before Zoan was built by Egyptian Pharoahs of the nineteenth dynasty. See note on Numbers 13:22. 
• If these N^ephilim, and their branch of R^ephaim, were associated with Egypt, we have an explanation of the problem which has for ages perplexed all engineers, as to how those huge stones and monuments were brought together. Why not in Egypt as well as in "the giant cities of Bashan" which exist, as such, to this day? 
•  Moreover, we have in these mighty men, the "men of renown," the explanation of the origin of the Greek mythology.
• That mythology was no mere invention of the human brain, but it grew out of the traditions, and memories, and legends of the doings of that mighty race of beings; and was gradually evolved out of the "heroes" of Genesis 6:4. The fact that they were supernatural in their origin formed an easy step to their being regarded as the demi-gods of the Greeks. 
• Thus the Babylonian "Creation Tablets", the Egyptian "Book of the dead", the Greek mythology, and heathen Comogonies, which by some are set on an equality with Scripture, or by others adduced in support of it, are all the corruption and perversion of primitive truths, distorded in proportion as their origin was forgotten, and their memories faded away.

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• Nimrod. Genesis 10:8, 9.
• 1 Chronicles 1:10. 
• This Is Appendix 28 From The Companion Bible.
• Josephus (Ant. Jud. i. c. 4. 2) says: "Nimrod persauded mankind not to ascribe their happiness to God, but to think that his own excellency was the source of it. And he soon changed things into a tyranny, thinking there was no other way to wean men from the fear of God, than by making them rely upon his own power."
• The Targum of Jonathan says: "From the foundation of the world none was ever found like Nimrod, powerful in hunting, and in rebellions against the Lord."
• The Chaldee paraphrase of 1 Chronicles 1:10 says: "Cush begat Nimrod, who began to prevail in wickedness, for he shed innocent blood, and rebelled against Jehovah."
•  Nimrod was the founder of Babylon, which partook of his character as being the great antagonist of God's Truth and God's People.
• We cannot fail to see, in Nimrod, Satan's first attempt to raise up a human universal ruler of men. There have been many subsequent attempts, such as Nebuchadnezzar, Alexander, Napoleon, and others. He will finally succeed in the person of the Antichrist.

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• Amazing 5,000-year-old skeletons laid on bed of flowers found in Sahara - proving desert was once green and lush
• By  Daily Mail Reporter
  Last updated at 11:15 AM on 15th August 2008
• A tiny woman and two children were laid to rest on a bed of flowers 5,000 years ago in what is now the barren Sahara Desert.
• Researchers discovered the slender arms of the youngsters still extended to the woman in a perpetual embrace.

• The remarkable cemetery is providing clues to two civilisations who lived there, a thousand years apart, when the region was moist and green.

    Enlarge       

  Proof of life: The three skeletons buried at Gobero in the Sahara desert

    Enlarge       

  The body of one of the children, an 11-year-old girl Tenerian girl buried wearing an upper-arm bracelet carved from the tusk of a hippo
• Paul Sereno of the University of Chicago and colleagues were searching for the remains of dinosaurs in the African country of Niger when they came across the startling find.
• Some 200 graves of humans were found during fieldwork at the site in 2005 and 2006, as well as remains of animals, large fish and crocodiles.
• 'Everywhere you turned, there were bones belonging to animals that don't live in the desert,' said Sereno.
• 'I realized we were in the green Sahara.'
• The graveyard, uncovered by hot desert winds, is near what would have been a lake at the time people lived there. It's in a region called Gobero, hidden away in Niger's forbidding Tenere Desert, known to Tuareg nomads as a 'desert within a desert.'
• The human remains dated from two distinct populations that lived there during wet times, with a dry period in between.

•    

  The triple burial contained a woman and two children, their limbs intertwined
• The first group, known as the Kiffian, hunted wild animals and speared huge perch with harpoons.
• They colonised the region when the Sahara was at its wettest, between 10,000 and 8,000 years ago.
• The researchers said the Kiffians were tall, sometimes reaching well over 6ft.

  • Nephilim?
• The second group lived in the region between 7,000 and 4,500 years ago. The Tenerians were smaller and had a mixed economy of hunting, fishing and cattle herding.
• Their burials often included jewellery or ritual poses. For example, one girl had an upper-arm bracelet carved from a hippo tusk. An adult Tenerian male was buried with his skull resting on part of a clay vessel; another adult male was interred seated on the shell of a mud turtle.
• Pollen remains show the woman and two children were buried on a bed of flowers.

• The researchers preserved the group just as they had been for thousands of years.
  

  'At first glance, it's hard to imagine two more biologically distinct groups of people burying their dead in the same place,' said team member Chris Stojanowski, a bioarchaeologist from Arizona State University.
• Stojanowski said ridges on the thigh bone of one Kiffian man show he had huge leg muscles, 'which suggests he was eating a lot of protein and had an active, strenuous lifestyle.
• The Kiffian appear to have been fairly healthy - it would be difficult to grow a body that tall and muscular without sufficient nutrition.'

  • Were the "Kiffian" Nephilim?
• On the other hand, ridges on a Tenerian male were barely visible.

• 'This man's life was less rigorous, perhaps taking smaller fish and game with more advanced hunting technologies,' Stojanowski said.

    

  Paleontologist Paul Sereno stabilizes the nearly perfectly preserved skull of the Tenerian woman

    Enlarge       

  Paleontologist Paul Sereno is seen with the jaw of the Eocarcharia dinops - a meat-eating dinosaur that lived on the Sahara
• Helene Jousse, a zooarchaeologist from the Museum of Natural History in Vienna, Austria, reported that animal bones found in the area were from types common today in the Serengeti in Kenya, such as elephants, giraffes, hartebeests and warthogs.
• The finds are detailed in the journal PLoS One and the September issue of National Geographic Magazine.
• While the Sahara is desert today, a small difference in Earth's orbit once brought seasonal monsoons farther north, wetting the landscape with lakes with lush margins and drawing animals and people.
• Comments (36)

• Amazing find, I would like to know why these people were so tall as food is the dominant factor in growth how in an age were food was probaly very 
  scarce did they still manage to keep this inherited gene going and for what reason.

   

  - Chris, Wirral U.K., 15/8/2008 11:34

• Global warming and the change in climate in the Sahara is apples and oranges. The Saharas climate change is believed to have been caused by a change in the tilt of the axis of the earth.

   

  - Daniel, Bradford, 15/8/2008 11:06

  • One of the effects of Noah's Flood..the tilting of the earth...or it's cause.

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• Sitchin Is Wrong part 2 of 2
• Added:  April 22, 2008
• Added:  April 22, 2008
• please review some of Dr. Heisers papers on Sitchin to see the specifics that show Sitchin must have known what he was doing in making these errors.
  
  HERE ARE THE RESEARCH LINKS:
  
  http://www.sitchiniswrong.com/
  http://www.michaelsheiser.com/
  http://www.mt.net/~watcher/
  http://video.google.com/videoplay?doc...
  http://video.google.com/videoplay?doc...
  http://nowheretorun.podomatic.com/ent...
  http://nowheretorun.podomatic.com/ent...
  http://nowheretorun.podomatic.com/ent...
  http://nowheretorun.podomatic.com/ent...
  http://nowheretorun.podomatic.com/ent...
  http://www.podcastdirectory.com/podsh...
  http://www.podcastdirectory.com/podsh...
  http://aaccoa.org/
  http://video.google.com/videoplay?doc...
  http://oneheartbooks.com/resources/au...
  http://profile.myspace.com/index.cfm?...
  http://video.google.com/videoplay?doc...
  http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/sit...
  http://www.archaeology.org/9811/newsb...

3 more annotations...

• Sitchin Is Wrong part 1 of 2
• Added:  April 22, 2008
• Zechariah Sitchin has been proven wrong by many scholars in dealing with his translations and interpretation of ancient texts one such scholar is Dr. Michael S. Heiser phd.
• but this video takes a look at some of the other reasons that Sitchin is wrong.
  
  namely his archaeological evidence of the huy murals and rekmire switcharoo, as well as his famous rocket artifact.
• please review some of Dr. Heisers papers on Sitchin to see the specifics that show Sitchin must have known what he was doing in making these errors.

4 more annotations...

• Mike Heiser Genesis 6 hybrids, Sons of God, Nephilim 9 of 9
• Added:  August 03, 2008
• Michael S. Heiser, PHD
  UFOs in the Bible?

2 more annotations...

• Mike Heiser Genesis 6 hybrids, Sons of God, Nephilim 8 of 9
• Added:  August 03, 2008
• Michael S. Heiser, PHD
  UFOs in the Bible?

2 more annotations...

• Mike Heiser Genesis 6 hybrids, Sons of God, Nephilim 7 of 9
• Added:  August 03, 2008
• Michael S. Heiser, PHD
  UFOs in the Bible?

2 more annotations...

• Mike Heiser Genesis 6 hybrids, Sons of God, Nephilim 6 of 9
• Added:  August 03, 2008
• Michael S. Heiser, PHD
  UFOs in the Bible?

2 more annotations...

• Mike Heiser Genesis 6 hybrids, Sons of God, Nephilim 5 of 9
• Added:  August 03, 2008
• Michael S. Heiser, PHD
  UFOs in the Bible?

2 more annotations...

• Mike Heiser Genesis 6 hybrids, Sons of God, Nephilim 4 of 9
• Added:  August 03, 2008
• Michael S. Heiser, PHD
  UFOs in the Bible?
• Genesis six Hybridization:
  Sons of God. Daughters of Men & The Nephilim.

3 more annotations...

• Mike Heiser Genesis 6 hybrids, Sons of God, Nephilim 3 of 9
• Added:  August 03, 2008
• Michael S. Heiser, PHD
  UFOs in the Bible?
• Genesis six Hybridization:
  Sons of God. Daughters of Men & The Nephilim.

3 more annotations...

• Mike Heiser Genesis 6 hybrids, Sons of God, Nephilim 2 of 9
• Added:  August 03, 2008
• Michael S. Heiser, PHD
  UFOs in the Bible?
• More videos from the "Ancient of Days" conference available here: http://www.ancientofdays.net/
• Genesis six Hybridization:
  Sons of God. Daughters of Men & The Nephilim.

4 more annotations...

• Michael S. Heiser, PHD
  UFOs in the Bible?
  
• Mike Heiser Genesis 6 hybrids, Sons of God, Nephilim 1 of 9
• Added:  August 03, 2008
• Micheal Heiser's presentation answers the following questions:
  
  1.) What Were the "Sons of God" and what was the nature of their relationships?
  
  2.) Is their a relationship between the sending of the flood and the hybridization?
  
  3.) Who were the Nephilim, and are they distinct from the "Sons of God?"
  
  4.) Is there a relationship between genesis 6 and genesis 3?
  
  5.)How is the idea of giants explained in the ancient Jewish traditions?
  
  6.) Did ancient people believe in hybridized offspring? Did the take Gen 6 literally?
  
  7.) Does the word Nephilim mean Giants?
  Heiser also spends some time on the debunking of Zechariah Sitchin and Sir Lawrence Gardner.
• many thanks to Guy Malone http://alienstranger.com
  for his permission to use this movie.

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• Is the Lord of the Rings Real History?
• Dirk Vander Ploeg

   

  June 05, 2007
• Recent discoveries by archaeologists and historians have found evidence that indicates that elves, giants, dragons and even hobbits once existed on earth.
• Norse legends, Sumerian texts and the discovery of hobbits and giant eagles on the island of Flores indicate that the Lord of the Rings may be more fact than fiction.
• Dirk Vander Ploeg in his new book, Quest for Middle-earth, has discovered the secret of why Tolkien believed that royal blood (San Graal) must be preserved and why it was imperative that his characters Arwen and Aragorn marry.
• Learn about the knowledge he possessed decades before publication of the best sellers Holy Blood Holy Grail and The Da Vinci Code.
• Dirk has researched scientific, biblical and historical texts to discover if J.R.R. Tolkien had secret knowledge of earth’s early history and if he based the Lord of the Rings on this knowledge.
• Find out why Tolkien, an Oxford University professor of Anglo-Saxon and English language, learned to speak Finnish fluently and why he studied Norse folktales that were thousands of years old.
• As a devout Roman Catholic he believed in one God, so why did he imagine a setting and a cast of characters for his Middle-earth that had one main God and a pantheon of minor gods?

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• For the first time ascertain the real meaning and importance of the “RING”! The Quest for Middle-earth answers these questions and more.

8 more annotations...