kim trefz's List: Research

• Your dog can, within limits, vary the shape and size of his eyes or the direction and intensity of his gaze.

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• The direction of your dog’s gaze can also be telling. Dogs rarely look directly into each other’s eyes because this is considered threatening behavior. Yet most dogs learn that it’s okay, even pleasant, to look directly at people. A dog who looks at you with a relaxed facial expression is being friendly and hoping that you’ll notice him. A dog who looks directly at you, actually staring at you with a tense facial expression, is another matter indeed.
• If your dog doesn’t look directly at you, but instead looks out of the corners of his eyes so that you see a good deal of the whites of his eyes (the sclera), he might be leading up to an aggressive outburst.

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• Dogs also use their bodies to communicate their intentions. In general, dogs either try to look normal, smaller or larger. If your dog’s feeling happy and contented, he’ll look normal—relaxed muscles and weight evenly balanced on all four feet. Similarly, when he’s playful, he’ll look normal. He may be bouncing around or running wildly with exaggerated movements, but his facial expression and his muscles will be relaxed and nothing about his body will look unnatural.

  This is quite different from the overall appearance of a scared dog. When your dog is scared, he’ll be hunched as though trying to look small. He might lower his body or even cower on the ground. His head will be held low as well. If he’s frightened by something or someone, he’ll recoil away from it. For instance, if your dog is scared on an examination table, he’ll pull away from the veterinarian and lean into you. If your dog is uncertain but curious about something, he might approach it tentatively, with his weight centered over his rear legs so that he can retreat quickly if he needs to.

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• • Wings: Fresh-winged butterflies signify young butterflies of a new generation.
   
  • Numbers: An increase in monarch numbers occurs when a new generation appears.
   
  • Timing: It takes about a month—and a little longer in cool temperatures—for a generation to develop. Monarchs entered Texas over a month ago, so their offspring should be appearing now.

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    Elizabeth Howard
    www.learner.org
    Monarchy Butterfly
    Retrieved May 6, 2014

• A recent study published in “Current Biology” shows that the way a dog wags its tail indicates how he feels. If the tail wags more to the right, it is a sign of positive feelings; left-side wagging indicates negative feelings.

• Sight hounds are sleek and speedy, the Maseratis of the dog world, while scent hounds are more like tough and reliable off-road vehicles

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