Binational environmental planning reflects national differences and shared/overlapping systems. For example, US and Mexico have different: cultural/political contexts, access to resources, environmental agencies/commisions and environmental vs. economic priorities. At the same time the two nations share: air sheds, watersheds, ecosystems, economies, transportation networks and human resources. A system dynamic model quantitatively accounts for both the differences and commonalties.
I would like to talk about a new approach to immigration, which we call “Two Paths to Safety.” I’d like to start at the beginning and review some of the key things that we know about this problem. Two Problems That Must Be Faced The first, of course, is that we have a national security problem. The security problem is internal, with 10 million to 20 million people who are already here illegally. Obviously, that’s a broad span of numbers, and we don’t know exactly how many there are. We also don’t know who they are or where they’re going. We don’t know what they’re doing, when and if they’re leaving. In this day and age, that simply isn’t safe, and it isn’t smart. These people are also no longer confined to one area. We know that of the Mexican illegals, only 3 percent are in the farming community when they used to be almost completely in the farming community. Now they’re in all states of the Union, in all types of jobs from entry-level jobs to high-level jobs. They also have their families here. It is sad to say that there are 3 million citizen children in the United States who have illegal parents, and that number is growing. People need to pay very close attention to the 14th Amendment and that special clause that says, if under the U.S. jurisdiction, your children are citizens. The cost of this illegal activity is almost impossible to nail down, but it’s estimated at around $45 billion a year, and we know that that’s mostly in education, in incarcerating criminals, and health services. We also know that this problem is growing at a very significant rate because approximately a little less than half a million people are sneaking across that border illegally every year. If you don’t provide legal means to deal with this, there are going to be illegal means, and a criminal element will be very heavily involved. Second, we also know we have an economic problem. We know our economy does depend on the labor that these people provide, and we do estimate that each laborer provides three and a half jobs in support of the job that they do. We also know businesses require some kind of availability. They need to know they’ve got employees. They need to know how long they’re going to be there, that they can count on them for the duration of specific jobs. When there is a demand like that in the economy, there is always a supply. The market works. Right now, the most vociferous group of people are demanding national border security at all costs. That, they feel, is the only issue that is important, and to heck with the economy or any of the business-side needs of that second issue. Why Closing the Border Is Not Enough The question is, why can’t that happen? Why can’t we just close that border? It’s almost an impossibility right now. First of all, it’s logistically very complex. We have a very long border with Mexico where the problem is, and we know lots of people are sneaking across it. Most of the people, however, who are sneaking across it are people who want work and would like to be legal, and because there is no current way of doing that, they can’t be. We estimate that that’s between 80 percent or 90 percent of the people who are sneaking across that border. It is so hard to come in legally. I have a lot of experience with it because I do use guest workers in my business, and it is a nightmare. So if you were able to take that 80 percent or 90 percent of the people out of the mix through legal means, the problem would be hugely reduced. If there were only 10 percent or 15 percent of what’s coming across now, closing that border would be a very, very different issue. We do not need, under those conditions, a gigantic hi-tech wall, and we don’t need vastly increased armed military at the border. That would no longer be the requirement. It’s important to remember that those techniques have been used by the Israelis and were used by the Russian empire, the former Soviet Union, when there were enemies on the other side of that wall. On the other side of any wall that we build is a peaceful nation with whom we have a free-trade agreement and that is an ally of ours. I have often thought that if we build a gigantic wall, I can see Ronald Reagan standing by that wall, facing America, and saying, “Governors, tear down this wall.” In Canada, there have been a number of security experiments on closing the border. Of course, they have nothing like the influx of people we have trying to sneak across the southern border into the U.S., but in some places it’s fairly significant. They have used unmanned drone airplanes with heat sensors and a communication capability to the agents on the border, and they found in an experiment done fairly recently that they caught every single heat-blip crossing that border that was bigger than a rabbit. |
The following letters, articles and websites demonstrate a growing concern among America's Black and Latino communities, that should put to rest the idea that opposing illegal immigration is a racist concept.
If you wish to contribute to this page or if you know of a website that conveys this concept, please send it to ednelson@usbc.org
Thank you.
Blacks "are being victimized by mass immigration"
Dr. Frank Morris, former Congressional Black Caucus Foundation Executive Director, declares that America's leaders are misinformed or are simply ignoring the plight of low-income Black American workers, who are being victimized by mass immigration. Morris has pledged to get the facts about the negative consequences of mass immigration into the hands of all Americans as well as
America's leaders whose public statements contradict the facts.
To get that message to all Americans, television advertising spots were launched this week featuring Morris and his message. The spots are scheduled to play across the country. They were developed by Dr. Morris and the Coalition for the Future American Worker.
Morris stated, "America's leaders need to wake up. It's a fact that foreign workers are taking jobs and depressing wages of Americans from all backgrounds. However, Black workers are being disproportionately affected. Studies prove 40% of the decline in Black employment is due to immigration. And the effects will become even more pronounced for our most vulnerable workers as the economy gets worse. It's time for America's leaders, especially our Black leaders, to put the most vulnerable American workers' interests ahead of foreign workers' and the cheap labor businesses that hire them."
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Deputy Commissioner Ahern Describes CBP’s Border Security Strategy | ||||
Border Security Overview | ||||
CBP: Securing America's Borders |
I'm assuming proponents of this idea are picturing an impenetrable "security fence" reminiscent of the thing Israel's been erecting to isolate itself from Palestinians. That a few strands of barbed wire or some chain link won't do the job.
The Administration Continues Its Efforts To Strengthen Border Security, Improve Interior And Worksite Enforcement, Streamline Existing Guest Worker Programs, And Help New Americans Assimilate
On January 28, 2008, during his State of the Union address, President Bush reviewed the steps his Administration is taking to improve our border security and address immigration challenges. America's broken immigration system is a major problem that the American people expect their elected leaders to solve. Although Congress has not passed legislation to address the immigration challenges our Nation faces, the Administration continues to build upon progress we have already made in strengthening border security, enforcing our worksite laws, keeping our economy well-supplied with vital workers, and helping new Americans assimilate into our society. Yet the President will also urge that in order to take the pressure off the border, we need a new way for foreign workers to come here lawfully, on a temporary basis, and support our economy.
The Administration Is Strengthening Border Security With Additional Personnel, Technology And Infrastructure
The Administration has increased funding for border security and immigration enforcement by 159 percent, including emergency funds, since the President took office - from $4.8 billion in 2001 to $12.3 billion in 2008.
The Administration has expanded the Border Patrol from approximately 9,000 agents in 2001 to more than 15,000 agents today. By the end of 2008, we will have more than 18,000 agents, doubling the size of the Border Patrol under the President's leadership.
The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is on track to complete 370 miles of pedestrian fencing along the southwest border by the end of calendar year 2008. As of this month, we have completed a total of 165 miles of pedestrian fence along the southwest border, giving us a total of 290 miles of pedestrian and vehicle fence already in place at the border. We expect to have 670 total miles of pedestrian and vehicle fence by the end of 2008, and have begun obtaining land to make this a reality.
The Administration is including a new Southwest Border Enforcement Initiative in its 2009 Budget. This comprehensive Justice Department initiative will provide $100 million to help address the rise in crime and immigration cases on the southwest border. It will increase our ability to arrest, detain, prosecute, and house violent criminals, drug offenders, and immigration violators along the southwest border.
In 1862, the first measure restricting immigration enacted by Congress was a law forbidding American vessels to transport Chinese immigrants to the U.S. 20 years later in 1882, Congress upped the constraint, passing the Chinese Exclusion Act restricting all Chinese immigrants entry into the U.S. At about the same time, acts passed by Congress in 1875, 1882, and 1892 provided for the examination of immigrants and for the exclusion from the U.S. of convicts, polygamists, prostitutes, person suffering from loathsome or contagious, diseases, and persons liable to become public charges. Also passed were the Aline Contract Labor Laws of 1885, 1887, 1888, and 1891, prohibiting the immigration to the U.S. of persons entering the country to work under contracts made before their arrival.
Immigration (migration to a country) is one component of international migration; the other component is emigration (migration from a country). In its simplest form, international migration is defined as any movement across a national border.
The U.S. Census Bureau makes estimates of net international migration for the nation, states, and counties in the United States. These estimates are based in part on data collected in censuses and surveys. Projections of the U.S. population are also made using assumptions about net international migration.
Native and Foreign-Born Populations
The Census Bureau provides a variety of demographic, social, economic, geographic, and housing information on the foreign-born population in the United States.
To access our data, visit our Foreign-Born Population page
Federal immigration law determines whether a person is an alien, and associated legal rights, duties, and obligations of aliens in the United States. It also provides means by which certain aliens can become naturalized citizens with full rights of citizenship. Immigration law serves as a gatekeeper for the nation's border: it determines who may enter, how long they may stay and when they must leave.
The United States has a long history of immigration laws. The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 (INA) with some major, and many minor, changes continues to be the basic immigration law of the country. The most significant ammendment to the INA was in 1965 which abolished the natural origin provisions, and established a new quota system.
For INA purposes, an "alien" is any person who is not a citizen or a national of the United States. There are different categories of aliens: resident and nonresident, immigrant and nonimmigrant, documented and undocumented ("illegal" ).
The Immigration and Nationality Act, or INA, was created in 1952. Before the INA, a variety of statutes governed immigration law but were not organized in one location. The McCarran-Walter bill of 1952, Public Law No. 82-414, collected and codified many existing provisions and reorganized the structure of immigration law. The Act has been amended many times over the years, but is still the basic body of immigration law.
The INA is divided into titles, chapters, and sections. Although it stands alone as a body of law, the Act is also contained in the United States Code (U.S.C.). The code is a collection of all the laws of the United States. It is arranged in fifty subject titles by general alphabetic order. Title 8 of the U.S. Code is but one of the fifty titles and deals with "Aliens and Nationality". When browsing the INA or other statutes you will often see reference to the U.S. Code citation. For example, Section 208 of the INA deals with asylum, and is also contained in 8 U.S.C. 1158. Although it is correct to refer to a specific section by either its INA citation or its U.S. code, the INA citation is more commonly used.
Click here to read a chronology of Congressman Hunter's efforts to secure the border