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Jim Miller's List: BIOFUELS
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The Internal Revenue Service has issued Notice 2008-110 pertaining to the biodiesel tax incentive and the cellulosic biofuel producers credit. Specifically, the notice provides guidance relating to the recent change in the ASTM D6751 biodiesel fuel specification. This change takes effect on April 1, 2009.
Under current law, biodiesel must meet the fuel registration requirements of Section 211 of the Clean Air Act and the ASTM D6751 biodiesel specification to qualify for the income tax and excise tax credits that comprise the biodiesel tax incentive.
On October 13, 2008, ASTM International published changes to the ASTM D6751 biodiesel specification, which included the addition of the cold soak filtration test to the ASTM D6751 specification.
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Alcohol Fuel Background
Alcohol produced at an Alcohol Fuel Plant (AFP) is restricted by law to use “exclusively for fuel use” (26 U.S.C. 5181). This means that alcohol produced at an AFP may not be used on the premises, or removed from the premises, for any purpose except for use as fuel.
But what is “fuel”? TTB has received requests to use fuel alcohol in the manufacture of products such as charcoal lighter fluid, firelighter gel, and chafing dish “fuel.” We must turn these requests down because these products are not within the intent of the law restricting the alcohol to “fuel use.”Although the law does not contain a definition of “fuel use,” the legislative history states that AFP’s were authorized because “Congress concluded that it was important to encourage the development of energy sources other than petroleum products for use in motor fuels.” Based on this statement in the Senate Finance Committee report for the Crude Oil Windfall Profit Tax Act of 1980, TTB concluded that “fuel use” in 26 U.S.C. 5181 means only the use of alcohol in motor fuel products that decrease reliance on petroleum. This includes the use of fuel alcohol to manufacture gasoline additives such as ETBE (ethyl tertiary butyl ether), which are burned in the engine of a motor vehicle.
The restriction to "exclusively for fuel use" applies as well to alcoholic byproducts produced at an AFP. Such byproducts may not be used for other than fuel purposes. For example, the residue of distillation may not be used for animal feed unless the residue contains no significant alcohol.
AFP proprietors who wish to use alcohol produced at their plants for purposes other than fuel use must requalify their plants as regular distilled spirits plants (DSP's). Information on doing this may be obtained from the National Revenue Center by calling 1-877-882-3277.
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Lowering the Cost of Large-Scale, Biomass Based Production of Fischer-Tropsch Liquids
Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands
By the gasification of woody or grassy materials a synthesis gas is obtained. The so-called Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) process converts this gas into very clean liquid fuels; for instance diesel. F-T diesel can be used without any problem in the existing infrastructure and in cars. It causes less environmental problems compared with diesel from fossil fuels. In a recent
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Apr 11, 09
BioEnergy Lists: Biochar (Terra Preta)
Information on the intentional use of Biochar (charcoal) to improve soils.
Home › Energy Cost of Charcoal
Energy Cost of Charcoal
Submitted by Tom Miles on Thu, 2009-03-26 01:25
Last updated March 26, 2009
in
* Carbonization
* Charcoal
* China
* Nordgren
Energy Cost of Charcoal
Bryce Nordgren, (Rev) March 26, 2009
Because I really had no idea about how much energy it takes to make
charcoal, I made a table from the specs of the Chinese equipment posted by
gordon eliot. Then I calculated the "Energy Cost" of each component in
(MJ/kg). Finally I aggregated the energy costs from the "suggested
charcoal plants" to get an idea of the energy cost of the entire system.
Note that all of their plants use the new high efficiency coal bar
machine. This should represent a best case scenario: maximum rated
charcoal production at rated power. If you make less charcoal and consume
the same power, the energy cost goes up.
Consider this a first step in understanding the energy efficiency of the
entire process. To complete the analysis, we would have to know the energy
content (MJ/kg) of the produced charcoal. The big question is: can you
power a 30kW generator with the syngas in order to take the small charcoal
plant off the grid?
I hope this comes thru. I'm pasting the tables as html into the mail
message. I'm also attaching the spreadsheet from whence these tables came
in OpenDocument format. I exported the OpenDocument spreadsheet into excel
(attached). This retains the equations so people can plug in their own numbers?
The "source" of the numbers is the Gongyi Sanjin Charcoal Machines Factory:
http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/biochar/message/5534.
Charcoal Plant Proposals
# Description Components (MJ/kg) Total
Crusher Drier Coal-bar
1 25-30MT per month 0.00 0.05 0.17 0.22
2 80-100MT per month 0.09 0.03 0.17 0.29
3 180-200MT per month 0.14 0.02 0.17 0.32
Note that the bigger crushers have a higher energy cost than the small
crushers. I would have expected the rever -
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