ace off's List: ENVIRONMENT

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  Ministry of Human Resource Development31-May, 2011 19:20 IST

     

   
• Sibal Explores IDEA of Meta – University with Germany
• opportunities in the field of higher education and skill development in both the countries, are enormous. He further added that mutual recognition of Degrees and Diplomas awarded by the educational institutions of both the countries will be extremely helpful to enhance the mobility of the students.
• increasing the avenues for vocational education and setting up of joint ventures between two countries under public private partnership (PPP) model for skill enhancement.
• co-chaired by both the Ministers with the participation of academics, senior government officials and public & private industry on both sides. The Summit could explore issues like:
• (i) Development of junior faculty including doctoral & post-doctoral programmes.
• (ii) Mutual recognition of qualification, particularly in vocational education.
• (iii) Joint research programmes
• Two MoUs were signed between IIT Mandi & University of Stuttgart representing TU9 Germany and University of Hyderabad & Westfalesehe Wilhelmns University of Germany.
  
     Senior officials of Ministry of Human Resource Development, Ministry of Science and Technology and Ministry of Labour were present on the occasio
• Dean School of Engineering, Sciences & Technology of the University of Hyderabad.

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• • VIA GOOGLE TRANSLATE BROWSER PLUGIN..
    
• In the United States alone, nearly 300 million tons of wet animal and feedlot waste are produced per year, the equivalent of about 110 million tons of dry waste.
• Poultry litter
• attractive due to its dryness and the relative ease of collection
• 1.25 tons per 1,000 birds
• means 10.5 million tons of litter per year
• 8.4 billion birds
• One power plant using poultry litter for combustion is Thetford in Norfolk, England.
• burning about 420,000 metric tons of chicken litter per year to generate a peak of 38.5 MW of electric power.
• The 9 million milk cows in the United States as of 2005
• Worldwide there are roughly 125 million milk cows (2003 data)
• Panda Energy plans to gasify one billion pounds of cattle manure per year to power an ethanol production plant in Kansas.
• In 2004 there were approximately 60.5 million hogs and pigs in the United States and close to a billion worldwid
• a typical hog can produce more than 10 pounds of manure per day.
• the hogs turn biomass animal feed into a form that is more suitable for energy conversion.
• most of this waste isn't utilized due in large part to the horrifying smell.
• economics be damned.
• Sheep, goats, kangaroos--each of these has been the subject of numerous studies to see if burning their waste

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• ivestock produce about 80 million metric tons of methane  annually, accounting for about 28% of global methane emissions  from human-related activities
• Emissions from beef cows are high for a number of reasons: beef  cows are very large animals; diets, consisting mainly of forages of varying  quality,  are generally poorer than in the dairy or feedlot sectors; the  level of management is typically not as good;

• Fodder solutions designs, manufactures, markets and sells a unique range of hydroponic livestock feed growing systems. These developed systems range in daily production varying from 80lbs/36kg to 8500lbs/3800kg of production per day.

   

  The system is a hydroponic growing room that has been specifically developed to sprout grain and legume seeds, for highly nutritious, yet cost effective livestock feed. 

• harsh light
• flicker
• illed with gas and mercury.

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• input instant on/off, transient response without delay,
• 66% pow
• 15 W is equal to that of 40W
• luorescent of more than 5 times, maintenance-free.
• Do not contain mercury, lead,
• LED lamp doesn't make any noise,
• without causing any flickering,
• o IR and UV.
• made by epoxy resin instead of glasse

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• AIR EMISSIONS:

    

  How is Mercury Emitted to the Air from Landfills?

    

  Mercury comes in various forms. Metallic, or elemental mercury, is an inorganic form of mercury that is used in products, such as electrical switches, fluorescent bulbs, and thermometers. It is a liquid at room temperature, and like any liquid it evaporates into the air as a gas.

    

  When products containing elemental mercury break in the waste stream, the mercury is released and begins to evaporate. Gaseous mercury can then be emitted at various stages of the solid waste disposal process, including:

   
   
  • on the way to a landfill or other waste management facility (from collection containers, transport vehicles, and transfer stations);
   
  • from the working face or active portion of the landfill, and during waste handling operations (i.e., transport, dumping, spreading, compacting and burial);
   
  • from landfill gas vents (many municipal sites collect the methane gas produced at landfills and either burn it, harness it as an energy source, or vent it to the atmosphere);
   
  • from the surface of covered, inactive portions of landfills.

• Key Findings:

    

  1. Mercury losses occur through two main pathways, the working face and landfill gas vents
• 2. Landfills are a major source of the more toxic, organic mercury
• Once buried, some of the inorganic mercury in the landfill is converted by bacteria living there into a more toxic form, called organic or methylated mercury. Organic mercury can be released into the atmosphere from landfills in the same way that inorganic mercury is released.
• 3. Mercury is also lost before it reaches the landfill
• During routine truck unloading at a transfer station, Lindberg and his colleagues found mercury concentrations ranging from 30 to 90 ng/m3. Background levels averaged 10 ng/m3 mercury during nonactive periods at a transfer station-suggesting prior mercury contamination.
• nearly 100 percent of fluorescent bulbs break on route to the landfill, based on data from state environmental agencies and a study by Research Triangle Institute (US EPA, 1998, RTI, 1993).
• 4. Fluorescent bulbs are significant sources of mercury emissions
• Several researchers have found that a significant amount of mercury is released from broken fluorescent light bulbs disposed at solid waste facilities.
• ORNL researchers estimate that as much as 20 to 30 percent of the total mercury in a bulb could volatilize over one week (Lindberg, 1999b), basing this estimate on measurements of the flow of mercury emitted from fluorescent bulbs in closed dumpsters over a week.
• Simulating conditions at a solid waste disposal facility, they found that 17 to 40 percent of mercury was released from low mercury fluorescent bulbs over a two-week period following breakage
• US EPA in contrast estimates that broken fluorescent bulbs emit only 1.2 to 6.8 percent of the total mercury they contain-primarily the mercury vapor,
• Factors Affecting Mercury Air Emissions at Landfills

• GROUNDWATER EMISSIONS:

    

  How does mercury leach from landfills into the groundwater?
• y mercury remaining in the leachate post-treatment could be discharged to a sewer system or surface water. Mercury discharged to a sewer system could then be retained in the sewage sludge-which is usually land-filled, incinerated, or applied to land as fertilizer. Lindberg and Price (1999) reported that leachate generated from LFG condensate contained highly elevated concentrations of methyl mercury at one Florida landfill.

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•  50,000 hours
• 8,000 hours

• 329 KWh/yr.

     

  3285 KWh/yr.

     

  767 KWh/yr.
• $76.65/year
• $32.85/year
• Yes - Mercury is very toxic to your health and the environment
• 451 pounds/year
• 1051 pounds/year

•    

  Some

     

  Yes  - can reduce lifespan drastically

      

  Turns on instantly

     
• Very Durable - LEDs can handle jarring and bumping

• Heat Emitted

     

  3.4 btu's/hour

     

  85 btu's/hour

     

  30 btu's/hour

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• E-mail: info@yusinglighting.com,tonychai888@hotmail.com

• • Profit via carbon credits -  not sales to  people - this water for 5 people daily - 3 years - METANGO business model

• Low-Carbon” Sexy
• 1. Make it Personal
• but a personal question
• 2. Make it Social
• ustainability, social equity, health
• ustainability sells when it is part of an integrated proposition– in which self-interest and social values are intertwined.

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• 10 dairy farms in a co-op, have around 30,000 dairy cows
• daily defecation at 480,000 gallons
• zero carbon footprint for operation of the trucks
• The station designated for truck fuel production handles about 11,000 gallons per day, about a third of the total manure.
• the manure is heated to around 100 degrees and mixed with bacteria inside the digester that helps break down the mess, releasing a gaseous mixture of 60% methane and 40% CO2.
• cleaning system that will separate the methane for use in 42 Kenworth T440 tractors running Cummins Westport ISL-G CNG engines.
• After the gas extraction, the remains of the manure will be recycled back out to fertilize corn fields
• Processing manure in this way cuts down on odor by 90% or better.
• the cow-powered trucks are expected to deliver 53 of 60 daily milk loads to three regional processing plants.
• This will displace some 1.5 million gallons of diesel fuel annually, and since the trucks will consume the noxious cow flatulence, that takes methane, 25 times more powerful as a greenhouse gas than CO2, out of the atmosphere
• 10/7/2011 - Public-Private Partnership Helps Put Natural Gas Trucks into Southern California Fleets  What do an office supply store, a dairy pr
• 9/20/2011 - Pharmacy Partners with Smith Electric Vehicles on All-Electric Fleet

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• Coal and CCS
• and CCS
• As matters stand, China is projected to account for 40% of global GHG emissions by 2030, with Kyoto Protocol members accounting for around 20%. The UNFCCC process faces huge hurdles, therefore, to develop a meaningful international agreement by 2020.   

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