The poster child for such "bad actors," as Reid calls them, is the zebra mussel. Since they first appeared in Lake St. Clair in 1988, from ballast water discharged from oceangoing ships, the mussels have spread rapidly. More disturbing than the proliferating shells on some beaches is the rapid disappearance of tiny Diporeia shrimp, which historically constituted up to 80 percent of the food available at the bottom of the Great Lakes. Now, some places in Lake Michigan that used to have 10,000 of the shrimp per square meter have none.