272 items | 3 visits
Carol Furchner's List: Psy105-Chapter09-Language+Thought+Intelligence
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Aug 27, 10
Latest on the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, reconstituted in modern terms.
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Dec 11, 10
How dopamine and reward circuits inform decision processes.
Mentions work of Hans Breiter re brain areas that are activated by anticipation of reward and reward of money, gambling, homosexual attraction -
Feb 22, 11
"No other species on the planet uses language or writing — a mystery that remains unsolved even after thousands of years of research. Now neuroscientists are taking advantage of powerful new ways to peer into the brain to provide remarkable insights into this unique human ability."
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diffusion tensor imaging
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tuttering affects about one in 20 children, although about 80 percent eventually grow out of it. Once thought to be purely a stress response, the condition has now been linked to abnormalities in brain connections. Stuttering can also be inherited, and scientists have identified at least three genes that may contribute to the condition.
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Mar 09, 11
Hearing a joke, watching a funny video, can increase the ability of people to solve puzzles by insight, several researchers report. Also don't miss the Multimedia presentation of identifying pixelated objects as the pixelation gets finer and finer.
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Mar 10, 11
"MIT researcher Deb Roy wanted to understand how his infant son learned language -- so he wired up his house with videocameras to catch every moment (with exceptions) of his son's life, then parsed 90,000 hours of home video to watch "gaaaa" slowly turn into "water." "
Uses same analytic techniques to show relationship between social communications and content of television. Fascinating!
See http://media.mit.edu/cogmac/publications/Roy_interspeech_keynote.pdf for a paper describing his work -
Jul 06, 11
Collection of articles about the amazing smarts of a variety of animals.
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Jul 10, 11
Full version, 53 min, streaming video. Excellent show.
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Jul 23, 11
Dan Ariely, author of Predictably Irrational, discusses irrational behavior - 19 min. (Similar to TED talk, see last two minutes for difference)
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Aug 25, 11
Study of intelligence and insightful behavior in rooks (members of the same family as crows)
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Sep 18, 11
Overview of the effect describing the observation that "unskilled people make poor decisions and reach erroneous conclusions, but their incompetence denies them the metacognitive ability to recognize their mistakes."
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Sep 18, 11
Requires UNM NetID and password to access article.
"People tend to hold overly favorable views of their abilities in many social and intellectual domains. The authors suggest that this overestimation occurs, in part, because people who are unskilled in these domains suffer a dual burden: Not only do these people reach erroneous conclusions and make unfortunate choices, but their incompetence robs them of the metacognitive ability to realize it. Across 4 studies, the authors found that participants scoring in the bottom quartile on tests of humor, grammar, and logic grossly overestimated their test performance and ability. Although their test scores put them in the 12th percentile, they estimated themselves to be in the 62nd. Several analyses linked this miscalibration to deficits in metacognitive skill, or the capacity to distinguish accuracy from error. Paradoxically, improving the skills of participants, and thus increasing their metacognitive competence, helped them recognize the limitations of their abilities. -
Sep 18, 11
Dunning is "finding that the least competent performers inflate their abilities the most; that the reason for the overinflation seems to be ignorance, not arrogance; and that chronic self-beliefs, however inaccurate, underlie both people's over and underestimations of how well they're doing."
Heine finds large cross-cultural differences, in which East Asians are much more likely to underestimate their own abilities, and to work harder to improve following failure at a task than Americans. -
Sep 18, 11
Interview with David Dunning
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Oct 01, 11
"In a series of studies, investigators found that people with a more intuitive thinking style tend to have stronger beliefs in God than those with a more reflective style. Intuitive thinking means going with one’s first instinct and reaching decisions quickly based on automatic cognitive processes."
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Oct 23, 11
Describes the illusions of validity and skill.
In terms of information use, we act like WYSIATI: What you see is all there is. -
Nov 04, 11
About the intelligence of crows - stunning video of tool use in crows starting around :13:00
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Mar 24, 11
Discusses current views in psychology and neuroscience regarding the possibility of free will.
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Nov 08, 11
"Studies show that people inhabit two separate worlds - the social and the financial - and depending on which one is activated, their thoughts and behaviour can change dramatically."
Need to read the final study of economics students to see if it deals with this correlation/causation flaw - do they think more of themselves because they often think about money, or did they go into economics because they're self-focused (or a 3rd variable)?
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