Rosa Balfour, an analyst at the European Policy Centre think-tank, said: “The emphasis on co-ownership represents an attempt to avoid the EU imposing the policy agenda on its partners. On the other hand, co-ownership undermines the leverage that the EU could exercise to push for reform . . . The exclusion of the European and national parliaments, and of civil society organisations, reinforces the intergovernmental and elite-driven nature of this initiative.”