Ram brandt's List: PET CARE

"Nitenpyram"

"Lufenuron is the active ingredient in the veterinary flea control medication Program, and one of the active ingredients in the veterinary flea control, heartworm prevention, and anthelmintic medicine milbemycin oxime/lufenuron (trade names Program plus, Sentinel Flavor Tabs).

Lufenuron is stored in the animal's body fat and transferred to adult fleas through their bite. Adult fleas transfer it to their eggs by its presence in the mother flea's blood, or by the larva feeding on pre-digested blood.

Lufenuron, a benzoylurea pesticide, inhibits the production of chitin in larval fleas. Without chitin, a larval flea will never develop an exoskeleton. Attacking the ability to create chitin may make lufenuron a remedy against fungal infections, such as ringworm (a dermatophyte infection and not a worm at all).

It has no known toxic effects at any dosage on humans or other animals in the environment that do not depend on chitin, though the orally-administered pills can sometimes cause an upset stomach with acid reflux."

"Capstar is an oral tablet that kills adult fleas on dogs, cats, puppies and kittens four weeks of age and older, and 2 pounds of body weight or greater. Capstar begins working within 30 minutes and achieved greater than 90% effectiveness against adult fleas on dogs within 4 hours and cats within 6 hours. Capstar can be used with lufenuron, i.e. Program Flavor Tabs, to provide a flea management system. The two products when used together kill adult fleas and prevent flea eggs from hatching. A single dose of Capstar tablets should kill the adult fleas on your pet. If your pet gets re-infested with fleas, you can safely give another dose as often as once per day. Each tablet contains 11.4 mg of Nitenpyram. Shipping weight: 1/6 lb."

"FIPROGUARD Dog & Puppy Topical Flea & Tick Treatment
Internet Price: $29.99 - $113.99 Internet Sale: $20.99 - $86.97
* Contains Fipronil - the active ingredient used in FRONTLINE Top Spot®
* Fast acting, long lasting protection
* Kills fleas, ticks and chewing lice
* Kills 4 major ticks including ticks that may transmit Lyme disease
* Keeps killing fleas and ticks for up to 4 weeks
* Safe for puppies over 8 weeks of age"

"Fipronil is a broad spectrum insecticide that disrupts the insect central nervous system by blocking the passage of chloride ions through the GABA receptor and glutamate-gated chloride (GluCl) channels, components of the central nervous system. This causes hyperexcitation of contaminated insects' nerves and muscles. Specificity of fipronil on insects may come from a better efficacy on GABA receptor, but also on because GluCl channels do not exist in mammals.[1]
Contents
[hide]

* 1 Effects
* 2 Historical use
* 3 Ecological toxicity
o 3.1 Colony collapse disorder
* 4 Toxicity
* 5 References
* 6 External links

[edit] Effects

Fipronil is a slow acting poison. When mixed with a bait, it allows the poisoned insect time to return to the colony or harborage. In cockroaches, the feces and carcass can contain sufficient residual pesticide to kill others in the same nesting site. In ants, the sharing of the bait among colony members assists in the spreading of the poison throughout the colony. With the cascading effect, the projected kill rate is about 95% in three days for ants and cockroaches."

"Protektor Spray (Fipronil)"

"Imidacloprid is a nicotine-based, systemic insecticide, which acts as a neurotoxin and belongs to a class of chemicals called the neonicotinoids. Although it is now off patent, the primary manufacturer of this chemical is Bayer CropScience, (part of Bayer AG). It is sold under the trade names Kohinor, Admire, Advantage (Advocate) (flea killer for pets), Gaucho, Mallet, Merit, Nuprid, Prothor, Turfthor, Confidor, Conguard, Dominion 2L, Hachikusan, Premise, Prothor, Provado, Intercept, and Winner. Imidacloprid is one of the most widely used insecticides and can be applied by soil injection, tree injection, application to the skin, or broadcast foliar or ground application as a granular or liquid formulation or as a pesticide-coated seed treatment."

"Kills 98-100% of fleas on the pet within 12 hours of application and reinfesting fleas are killed within 2 hours. The flea is killed by a disruption of its nervous system. Fleas do not need to bite the pet before the medication kills them, thus decreasing the risk of flea allergy dermatitis. It will kill larval stages that come in contact with the treated pet. Imidacloprid spreads over the body with the body oils, and collects in the hair follicles and then is released over time (up to 1 month) from the hair follicles onto the skin and hair. Remains on the pet following bathing, swimming, or exposure to sunlight. Repeated bathing or swimming may decrease efficacy and require reapplication earlier than the normal 4 week intervals. Could retreat as often as weekly if necessary, but it is unlikely it would be needed that frequently."

# Imidacloprid is an insecticidal agent that acts on the central nervous system of insects causing impairment and subsequent death.
# It is supplied as a topical solution that collects in the oils of the skin and in hair follicles. It is not absorbed into the body and does not circulate through the blood stream.
# The effects of imidacloprid last about 30 days and remain effective after bathing or swimming, though shampooing should be avoided within 48 hours of application.
# Fleas are rapidly killed by imidacloprid: Between 98 and 100 percent of fleas die within 12 hours of treatment. Reinfesting fleas are killed within 2 hours. "

"On January 14, 2011, Sergeant's Pet Care Products, Inc. announced it had entered into
a license agreement with Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., to manufacture and sell the generic equivalent of Frontline and Frontline Plus. These products contain the pesticide fipronil. "

# Control of insect parasites, such as fleas, can be achieved by a number of approaches. One of the most novel methods is the use of insect growth regulators. These drugs arrest the development of insect parasites while demonstrating great safety when administered to animals.
# Lufenuron belongs to a class of drugs known as insect development inhibitors/insect growth regulators.
# Lufenuron inhibits insect development within the insect egg. This prevents the egg from maturing to an adult insect.
# Lufenuron is most commonly administered for flea control in dogs and in cats. It does not control ticks.
# Dogs and cats already affected with fleas, or those with flea-allergy dermatitis, first should be treated with an insecticide approved for that species.
#
Lufenuron is a prescription drug and can only be obtained from a veterinarian or by prescription from a veterinarian."

" The goal of this article is to explain some of the common, active ingredients listed on the labels of various flea and tick control shampoos, dips, sprays, powders, foggers, etc. We have included a table at the end of the article to help summarize the information on those flea and tick control products used on dogs and cats. Note: For completeness, information on ingredients that should not be used in cats but are found in products for dogs (e.g., permethrin and amitraz) are included in this article."

"A pyrethroid is an organic compound similar to the natural pyrethrins produced by the flowers of pyrethrums (Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium and C. coccineum). Pyrethroids now constitute a major commercial household insecticides.[1] In the concentrations used in such products, they may also have insect repellent properties and are generally harmless to human beings in low doses but can harm sensitive individuals.[2] They are usually broken apart by sunlight and the atmosphere in one or two days, and do not significantly affect groundwater quality.[3] Pyrethroids are however toxic to aquatic organisms and beneficial insects."

"Pyrethrum was used for centuries as an insecticide,[1] and as a lice remedy in the Middle East (Persian powder, also known as "Persian pellitory"). It was sold worldwide under the brand Zacherlin by Austrian industrialist J. Zacherl.[2]

The flowers should be dried and then crushed and mixed with water. It should be noted that though the pesticide is organic, it can still be harmful to humans."