• • Industry: Dielectric heater sealers, induction and plasma heaters, broadcast and communications transmitters,
   
  • General public: Domestic induction cookers, proximity readers, electronic article surveillance systems and other anti-theft devices, computer monitors and television sets,
   
  • Hospitals: MRI systems, electromagnetic nerve stimulators, electro-surgical units, and other devices for medical treatment,
   
  • Military: Power units, submarine communication transmitters and high frequency (HF) transmitters.
• eye abnormalities
• breast cancer

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• Icom H.F. Marine SSB/Ham Radios

• The most important application of RF energy is in providing telecommunication services.

   

  These applications include radio and television broadcasting, cellular telephony, personal

   

  communication services (PCS), cordless telephones, business radio, radio communications

   

  for the police, amateur radio, microwave point-to-point links and satellite communications.

   

  Other applications of microwaves utilize its heating properties. Microwave cooking is a good

   

  example of a non-communication use of RF energy. This application utilizes the efficient

   

  absorption of microwave energy in the water molecules of food which results in rapid heating

   

  through out the object material. Other applications include radar, which is used in traffic

   

  enforcement, air traffic control and other military applications. Industrial heating and medical

   

  applications are examples of other applications.
• The most important application of RF energy is in providing telecommunication services.

   

  These applications include radio and television broadcasting, cellular telephony, personal

   

  communication services (PCS), cordless telephones, business radio, radio communications

   

  for the police, amateur radio, microwave point-to-point links and satellite communications.

   

  Other applications of microwaves utilize its heating properties.
• Radio frequency spectrum spans the range of 3 kHz to several hundred GHz.
• of public concern near the locations of radio and television transmitters, mobile

   

  base stations, wireless networks and the like.
• High frequency radiation exists in free space around us from an increasing number of sources

   

  and cover a wide range of the electromagnetic spectrum. By for the most important and

   

  rapidly expanding source is the mobile phone base stations. Fortunately, the radiated power

   

  densities around these base stations are below the standard limits set by the different world

   

  organizations. It is important to take care in the design of new base stations to meet the

   

  guidelines set for the antennas and their mounting so that the minimum required distance can

   

  be observed for the public access. New trends in the design of such antennas such as the

   

  smart antenna concept, can be applied in order to further reduce the radiation power levels.

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• Electromagnetic fields and public health: mobile telephones and their base stations

                        

      Mobile telephones, sometimes called cellular phones  or handies, are now an integral part of modern telecommunications. In  some parts of the world, they are the most reliable or only phones  available. In others, mobile phones are very popular because they allow  people to maintain continuous communication without hampering freedom of  movement.
• Handsets: Mobile phone handsets are  low-powered RF transmitters, emitting maximum powers in the range of 0.2  to 0.6 watts.
• Base stations: Base stations transmit power  levels from a few watts to 100 watts or more, depending on the size of  the region or "cell" that they are designed to service.
• Typically within 2-5 metres of some antennae mounted  on rooftops, fences keep people away from places where the RF fields  exceed exposure limits.
• Other RF sources in the community: Paging and  other communications antennae such as those used by fire, police and  emergency services, operate at similar power levels as cellular base  stations, and often at a similar frequency.
• Other health risks: Scientists have reported other effects of using mobile phones including changes in brain activity, reaction times, and sleep patterns.
• risk of traffic accidents when mobile phones
• medical devices (including pacemakers, implantable defibrillators, and certain hearing aids) there is the possibility of causing interference. There is also the potential of interference between mobile phones and aircraft electronics.
• to identify if there are links between  use of mobile phones and head and neck cancers.
• mobile phone users, those who work near or live around base stations, as well as people who do not use mobile phones.
• If individuals are concerned, they might choose to limit their own or their children's' RF exposure by limiting the length of calls, or using "hands-free" devices to keep mobile phones away from the head and body.
• uch as cardiac pacemakers and hearing aids. In hospital intensive care departments mobile phone use can be a danger to patients and should not be used in these areas. Similarly mobile phones should not be used in aircraft as they may interfere with its navigation systems.
• either a conventional handset
• Simple protective measures: Fences or barriers or other protective measures are needed for some base stations (principally, those located on building rooftops) to preclude unauthorised access to areas where exposure limits may be exceeded.
• Siting base stations near kindergartens, schools and playgrounds may need special consideration. Open communication and discussion between the mobile phone operator, local council and the public during the planning stages for a new antenna can help create public understanding and greater acceptance of a new facility.

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• HF Radiation - Choosing the Right Frequency

• RF Radiation and Electromagnetic Field Safety
• RF Radiation and Electromagnetic Field Safety
• RF Radiation and Electromagnetic Field Safety

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• Very high frequency

• People who live or routinely work around radars have expressed concerns about long-term adverse effects of these systems on health, including cancer, reproductive malfunction, cataracts and changes in behaviour or development of children. A recent example has been the alleged increase in testicular cancer in police using speed control hand-held radar "guns".
• (RF) between 300 MHz and 15 GHz. They generate EMFs that are called RF fields. RF fields
• An SAR of at least 4 W/kg is needed to produce known adverse health effects in people exposed to RF fields in this frequency range.
• induction of eye cataracts, and various physiological and thermoregulatory responses as body temperature increases.
• microwave hearing effect.
• stressful
• metallic objects situated near radars.
• Conductive suits, gloves, safety shoes and other types of personal protective equipment for RF fields are now commercially available.
• RF safety glasses
• RF fields cause
• The very low RF environmental field levels from radar systems cannot cause

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• Wireless communication is the transfer of information over a distance without the use of electrical conductors or "wires".^[1] The distances involved may be short (a few meters as in television remote control) or long (thousands or millions of kilometers for radio communications). When the context is clear, the term is often shortened to "wireless". Wireless communication is generally considered to be a branch of telecommunications.
• It encompasses various types of fixed, mobile, and portable two way radios, cellular telephones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), and wireless networking. Other examples of wireless technology include GPS units, garage door openers and or garage doors, wireless computer mice, keyboards and headsets, satellite television and cordless telephones.