danielle bergeron's List: Digital Law

• Internet access and e-mail provided by the Department are intended for educational use, instruction, research and the facilitation of communication, collaboration, and other Department related purposes.
• Users have no right to privacy while using the Department’s Internet Systems
• The Department monitors users’ online activities and reserves the right to access, review, copy, store, or delete any electronic communications or files
• This includes any items stored on Department-provided devices, such as files, e-mails, cookies, and Internet history. 
• The Department reserves the right to disclose any electronic activity, including electronic communications, to law enforcement officials or third parties, as appropriate and consistent with applicable law
•  Causing harm to others, damage to their property or Department property, such as
• Using, posting or distributing profane, lewd, vulgar, threatening, or abusive language in e-mail messages, material posted on Department web pages, or professional social media sites;
• ccessing, using, posting, or distributing information or materials that are pornographic or otherwise obscene, advocate illegal or dangerous acts, or advocate violence or discrimination.  If users inadvertently access such information, they should immediately disclose the inadvertent access in a manner specified by their school or central division office;
• Accessing, posting or distributing harassing, discriminatory, inflammatory, or hateful material, or making damaging or false statements about others;
• ending, posting, or otherwise distributing chain letters or engaging in spamming
• Damaging computer equipment, files, data or the Department’s Internet System in any way, including spreading computer viruses, vandalizing data, software or equipment,  damaging or disabling others’ electronic property, or engaging in conduct that could interfere or cause a danger of disruption to the Department’s educational or business environment;
• Using the Department’s Internet System in a manner that interferes with the education of the user or others or the job duties of the user or others;
• Downloading, posting, reproducing or distributing music, photographs, video or other works in violation of applicable copyright laws. Any music, photographs and/or video should only be downloaded for Department, and not personal purposes. If a work specifies how that work may be used, the user should follow the expressed requirements. If users are unsure whether or not they can use a work, they should request permission from the copyright or trademark owner; or
• • Engaging in plagiarism.  Plagiarism is taking the ideas or writings of others and presenting them as if they were original to the user.
    
   
• Malicious tampering, phishing or hacking activities;
• Intentionally seeking information about passwords belonging to other users
• Disclosing a user’s password to the Department’s Internet Systems to other individuals.
• Modifying passwords belonging to other users;
• Attempting to log in through another person's account
• Attempting to gain access to material that is blocked or filtered by the Department;
• Accessing, copying, or modifying another user’s files without authorization;
• Disguising a user’s identity
• Engaging in uses that jeopardize access into others’ accounts or other computer networks.
• Students should not meet in person anyone they have met only on the Internet.

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• copyright issues
• selected media-relevant websites
• Media Search and/or Aggregator Sites
• elected Media-Relevant Archives and Projects
• Selected User-Generated/Upload Sites;
• Selected Media-Relevant Blogs
• Selected Websites for Multimedia Materials. (

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• potential benefits for consumers are juxtaposed against challenges for retailers
• Advances in online technologies and bandwidth availability have opened new vistas for online distribution of digital goods,
• we investigate one type of digital experience good--music--whose market environment includes the very real presence of online piracy
• Although arguments abound for and against online distribution of such digital goods, little research exists in this area.
• develop a model of consumer search for such an experience good, and study different emerging market environments for retailers, where consumers can pirate music online.
• Retailer cost to publishers is modeled using a variety of licensing schemas
• are utilized to validate a key assumption.
• data from online sharing networks
• Survey results
• computational analysis is used to develop insights that cannot be obtained analytically
• results indicate that decreasing piracy is not necessarily equivalent to increasing profit, and online selling strategies can provide additional profits for a traditional retailer even in the presence of piracy

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• sexting and infidelity on the internet
• use the internet to find partners
• respondents use the internet to find real-life partners, both for dating and for sex hookups
• but many are anxious about being caught
• Females are more likely than males to engage in sexting behaviors, while females and males are equally as likely to cheat both online and in real life while in a serious real-life relationship.
• Older males, however, are more likely than younger males to cheat in real life.
• The results suggest that perhaps people who are using dating web sites do not conform to the 'official' standards of dating culture, but that maybe the standards are changing.

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• Digital Law relates to crimes of stealing or causing damage to other people’s work, identity, or digital property
• Stealing someone's identity is called identity thef
• Stealing someone's digital property can be intellectual property theft, digital piracy, or plagiarism.
• Causing damage to others would be crimes such as hacking or creating and sending viruses.
• What's Legal:
• You can purchase copies of songs, software, or movies from sites that legally sell them
• You can make a copy of a song from a CD you’ve purchased and convert it to another format to listen on your own (not someone else's) mp3 player.
• What's Illegal:
• • You can’t download songs, software, or movies from other people who've bought them.
   
  • You can’t upload songs, software, or movies that you own for others to download.
   
  • You can’t record music off an online music radio site.
   
  • You can’t make copies of a CD, DVD, or mp3 download you’ve purchased to give to others.
• All these types of files: music, games, movies, and software are considered “digital property” and all are owned by the person or company who created them. That person has the right to say whether you can copy and use their material or not, and how much they choose to charge. Obtaining a copy of them without paying is called Digital Piracy and it's the same as stealing.
• The No Electronic Theft Act was signed into law by President Clinton in December 1997 that makes it illegal to pirate (download and copy) games, software, music, and videos. The statute of limitations on this law is 5 years--you can be prosecuted for up to 5 years after the illegal copying or sharing took place.
• Copyright:  Is the law that protects the rights held by the creator, developer, or author over their own original work. These works may consist of electronically stored words, photograph, music, work of visual art, or performance art and thereby includes digital property.
• Copyright Infringement (Violation):  Is when a person violates a copyright by either reproducing, adapting, publicly distributing, performing, or displaying a work without permission from the creator.
• Copyright law applies whether or not the material has a copyright notice symbol ©, which means it's been registered with the U.S. Copyright Office. (Copyright differs from Patents, which protect people's inventions, and from Trademarks ®, which protect brand names.)
• Two Types of Copyright Infringement:
• Digital Piracy:  Unauthorized reproducing (copying) and distributing (sharing) of digitized property: electronic files and audio-visual media. Obtaining copies of songs, computer software, videos games, and movies without paying for them is all considered Digital Piracy.
• Plagiarism: The copyright violation of using printed words, photos, or illustrations in your own product without permission - where one person copies another's work and uses it as their own. (More on Plagiarism is covered in topic #7: Digital Rights and Responsibilities.)

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• finds that many people are unaware that their social media activity can have legal repercussions.
• “Our society’s inclination to tweet, post and share everything about our personal lives can be fun – but it can also lead to legal trouble,” said Larry Bodine, Esq., Editor-in-Chief of Lawyers.com
• Our survey shows that most people are unaware that their online ‘digital trail’ can and will be used against them in legal situations, despite privacy settings or deleted posts
• Social media users don’t even need to post evidence of illegal activity

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• Web browsers have evolved into highly customizable software platforms capable of controlling and protecting much of the information that flows between you and the parties you interact with online.
• Modern browsers have an impressive array of privacy enhancing capabilities and options.
• They can, for example, warn you before you visit suspicious or fraudulent websites and can also allow you to surf the web without downloading tracking files like cookies* to your computer.
•  Also, most browsers can inform you when a website uses SSL, a security measure that encrypts your data. When a website uses SSL a browser may indicate this to you by displaying a padlock icon (typically located on the bottom bar of your browser) or by highlighting the website's name in the address bar in green

• Click on the padlock icon or the green-highlighted name in the address bar to view more information about the website's encryption and certification.

   
• *Cookies are small files stored on your computer by websites that you visit and applications you use online that record your preferences or browsing activity. These files can be used to perform a number of actions, like allowing a website to automatically populate a log-in box with your information when you return or enabling online advertising networks to show you advertisements tailored to your perceived interests. It’s important to understand that browser based privacy controls typically do not affect a specific type of tracking technology known as “Flash cookies” (based on Adobe’s flash technology), whose privacy controls are accessible on Adobe’s website here.
• In the 90’s website were little more than digital brochures and “interactivity” meant signing up to receive a monthly e-newsletter
• Modern websites have evolved into complex and powerful information platforms – collecting, processing and sharing data at blinding speeds on massive scales. When we share personal data with these online platforms it is often passed on to numerous third parties, such as advertisers, vendors, and partners
• Protecting privacy in this spider web of data flows is no easy task
• t’s easy to see how personal information can be compromised, either accidentally or intentionally
• Fortunately, many websites, from social networks to eCommerce website, provide Internet with privacy enhancing options:

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• private companies are tracking as many of our movements as they can online
• selling that information to other companies who in turn share it with law enforcement and the government.
• The technology they use to do this tracking is advancing rapidly and has become highly sophisticated, and individuals have little chance of keeping abreast of what is taking place when they surf, let alone taking the complex steps necessary to prevent this spying.
• Disclose how often they share information with the government;
• Stand up for user privacy in the courts and in Congress. Most urgently, companies should advocate for an update to the outdated Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA) which was passed in 1986, before the Internet as we know it today even existed.
• Americans shouldn’t have to choose between new technology and keeping their personal information private.
• Protections for online privacy are justified and necessary, and the government must help draw boundaries to ensure that Americans’ privacy stays intact in the Digital Age.
• The more we do online, the more data we leave behind.
• The things we do and say online leave behind ever-growing trails of personal information
• With every click, we entrust our conversations, emails, photos, location information and much more to companies like Facebook, Google and Yahoo

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• . Are you prepared to have those words and images represent you for months, and even years to come?
• Your postings on profiles and to chats and blogs may have cyberlives much longer than what you might have imagined or intended, and may reach a much wider audience than you could have anticipated.
• Students who posted party photos online later found that those photos were used by their university’s administration when it needed to make a case regarding alcohol abuse among minors.
• A student’s application for a position as a resident advisor was rejected by university staff who reviewed the applicant’s Facebook page and found the material there to be inappropriate.
• • A graduate’s job application was rejected when the hiring organization deemed objectionable some of the content he had posted online. 
   
• Students were reprimanded for extreme and possibly libelous statements they made about a professor in Facebook postings.
• Are your online postings private? No, not at all. Many postings can and will be viewed by hiring committees, admissions personnel, marketing agencies, and other unintended audiences. Privacy is a complicated matter in American law, evoking everything from Fourth Amendment rights to civil rights. Explore the following topics to learn more about the ins and outs of privacy in the online environment.
• developmentally, an undergraduate education has a profound effect on who students become and on what they can reasonably aspire to in their adult lives.

• Privacy plays an integral role in digital literacy because it serves ethical purposes: it measures whether people use information technology responsibly and how well courts and governments apply the traditional legal and policy practices that protect research and the creative process. Too much privacy around information, for example, locks up material that potentially could be used in creative projects; too little privacy could, depending on the information, devalue and degrade incentives for innovation. A balance must be maintained. 

   
• ontemporary communication devices and the Internet may well have changed how society views certain kinds of privacy, but, ultimately, nothing can destroy privacy itself. It is inherent in the dignity of the person, and if higher education is about anything, it is about its service to the cause of human dignity.

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• connectivity, authenticity, and style.
• our breathtaking ability to send vast amounts of data instantly, constantly, and globally
• has all but transformed politics, business, and culture, bringing about the upheaval of traditional, ‘big’ institutions and the empowerment of upstarts and renegades.”
• “radical connectivity,” because it gets at what’s truly different in ways that words like “the Internet” and “Social Media” do not.

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• hese digital communication tools range from traditional e-mail services to robust interactive websites.
• digital communication and collaboration can be critical to indirectly supporting
• ommunity's intellectual growt
• create, manage, and support interactive dialogue and communication between organizations, communities, and individuals.
• There are many different forms, including: magazines, Internet forums, weblogs, social blogs, microblogging, wikis, social networks, podcasts, photographs or pictures, and video content communities.

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• communications performed with and by digital technology
• Multimedia developers and managers use digital communications methods to create any variety of entertainment, graphic design, and artistic productions.
• fundamentals of digital communication, including computer programming, teleprocessing, graphic design, photography, and audio and video production.
• is a rapidly expanding field
• e-books

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• electronic exchange of information.
• Digital Communication:
• One of the significant changes within the digital revolution is a person’s ability to communicate with other people.
• In the 19th century, forms of communication were limited. In the 21st century, communication options have exploded to offer a wide variety of choices (e.g., e-mail, cellular phones, instant messaging).
• The expanding digital communication options have changed everything because people are able to keep in constant communication with anyone else
• Now everyone has the opportunity to communicate and collaborate with anyone from anywhere and anytime.
• Unfortunately, many users have not been taught how to make appropriate decisions when faced with so many different digital communication options.
• Digital Law:   electronic responsibility for actions and deeds
• Unethical use manifests itself in form of theft and/or crime.
• Digital law deals with the ethics of technology within a society.
• Ethical use manifests itself in the form of abiding by the laws of society. Users need to understand that stealing or causing damage to other people’s work, identity, or property online is a crime.
• There are certain rules of society that users need to be aware in a ethical society.
• Hacking into others information, downloading illegal music, plagiarizing, creating destructive worms, viruses or creating Trojan Horses, sending spam, or stealing anyone’s identify or property is unethical.
• These laws apply to anyone who works or plays online.

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• -broadly defined as media such as the Internet, social network sites and cell phones that allow users to interac
• Many schools, however, have been reluctant to allow students to use digital participatory media for learning during the school day.
• ecause digital media are so pervasive among youth and offer new avenues for civic participation, schools must rethink how they prepare students for active, participatory citizenship
• digital citizens"--those who use digital media to fulfill their civic dut
• This issue of "The Progress of Education Reform"

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• The meaning of citizenship has usually been associated with the power of individuals in the process of social decision-making
• In the past, the 3Rs
• history, effective citizenship has required functional literacy skills as the fundamental factor for attending societal life
• were considered to be enough for a normal citizen because people could communicate satisfactorily based on these skills in public spheres
• (writing, reading, and arithmetic
• They could also benefit through traditional literacy skills from the mainstream communication channels like newspaper, radio, and television.
• ew communication technologies have changed the nature and scope of citizenship.
• New kinds of literacies have emerged
• regarding the new media such as Internet, Web, Twitter, blogs, YouTube, Facebook, mobile technologies and so forth.
• Today's citizens are expected to attend social processes anytime and anywhere.
• Thus, they are required to have mastery in new literacies which allow them to use all kinds of emerging technologies to share their views and make their voices heard.
• In fact, this comes as a requisite for real democracy because digital citizenship is largely based on contemporary literacy skills in which the technology plays an important role

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