"How to Format Reference Lists
Books
|
Articles
|
Media
|
Web/Online
|
Government Information
|
Unpublished
Books
(Publication Manual, Chapter
7.02)
Single author
Austin, J. H. (1998). Zen and the brain: Toward an understanding of
meditation and consciousness. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Multiple authors
Calarco, M., & Atterton, P. (2009). Animal philosophy: Essential
readings in continental thought. New York, NY:
Continuum.
Edited Book
Ickes, W. (Ed.). (1998). Empathic accuracy. New York, NY: Guilford
Press.
Group or corporate author
World Bank. (2004). Gender and development in the Middle East and North
Africa: women in the public sphere. Washington, DC:
Author.
Chapter or essay in book
Herrmann, R. K. (2002). Linking theory to evidence in international
relations. In W. Carlsnaes, T. Risse, & B. A. Simmons (Eds.), Handbook of
international relations (pp. 119-136). London, England:
Sage.
Article from a reference book
Chen, J. Q. (2003). Intelligence: Multiple intelligences. In J. Guthrie
(Ed.), Encyclopedia of education (pp. 1198-1201). New York, NY:
Macmillan.
If there are no page numbers, the entry title is sufficient. For an entry in
a reference work with no author, place the entry title in the author position.
(Publication Manual, Chapter 7.02)
Articles
(Publication Manual, Chapter
7.01)
A new element to journal article citations with the 6th edition of the
Publication Manual is the addition of the DOI (digital object identifier), which
provides a persistent way of accessing digital information. See
DOI System
for a detailed explanation and to
resolve a DOI name. If the DOI is not provided in the online database, online
journal, or article, try
CrossRef's free DOI look-up
.
Note: not all articles have DOIs. Do not include a period at the end of the
citation as it may be interpreted as part of the DOI.
Article in a journal (one author)
Oware, M. (2009). A "Man's Woman"? Contradictory messages in the songs of
female rappers, 1992-2000. Journal of Black Studies, 39(5),
786-802. doi:10.1177/0021934707302454
Article in a journal (up to seven authors)
Ko, C. H., Yen, J. Y., Liua, S. C., Huanga, C. F., & Yen, C. F. (2009).
The associations between aggressive behaviors and internet addiction and online
activities in adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 6, 598-605.
doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2008.11.011
Article in a journal (more than seven authors)
Burger, J., Gochfeld, M., Jeitner, C., Burke, S., Stamm, T., Snigaroff, R.,
... Weston, J. (2007). Mercury levels and potential risk from subsistence foods
from the Aleutians. Science of The Total Environment, 384, 93-105.
doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.05.004
When authors number eight or more, include the first six names, then three
ellipses, and then the last author's name. (Publication Manual, Chapter 7.01.2)
Article in a journal (advanced publication)
Levskaya, A., Weiner, O. D., Lim, W. A., & Voigt, C. A. (2009).
Spatiotemporal control of cell signalling using a light-switchable protein
interaction. Nature. Advance online publication.
doi:10.1038/nature08446
Online-only supplemental material for articles
Chandler, D. (2009). Liquids: Condensed, disordered, and sometimes complex.
[Supplemental material]. PNAS: Proceedings of the National Academy of the
United States of America, 106, 15111–15112.
doi:10.1073/pnas.0908029106
If no author is given, move the title and bracketed description to the author
position. (Publication Manual, Chapter 7.01.15)
Article in a popular magazine
Henry, W. A., III (1990, April 9). Beyond the melting pot. Time,
135(4), 28-31.
Article in a newspaper
Young, J. (2003, February 14). Prozac campus: More students seek counseling
and take psychiatric medication. The Chronicle of Higher Education, pp.
A37-38.
If the article was found through the newspaper's website, include "Retrieved
from" and the URL of the home page. (Publication Manual,
7.01.11)
Media
(Publication Manual, Chapter
7.07)
Music Score
No example given in APA Publication Manual for music
score.
Sound Recording
Desmond, P. (1959). Take five [recorded by Dave Brubeck Quartet]. On Time
out [CD] New York, N.Y.: Columbia. (1987)
Use the original copyright date after the author/composer's name. If the date
of the recording is different from the copyright date, place it after the name
of the recording label, as above. (Publication Manual, 7.07)
Video Recording
LaVoo, G., & Brown, E. T. (Producers), &
Cardozo, P. (Director). (2003). Real womem have curves [DVD]. United
States: HBO Video.
Television
Daniels, G. (Writer) & Kwapis, K. (Director). (2006). Gay witch hunt
[Television series episode]. In G. Daniels (Executive producer), The
office. Los Angeles, CA: National Broadcasting
Company.
Web/Online
(Publication Manual, Chapter
7, pp 198-215)
Note:
Different web browsers break the text in
different places of a URL. The URL should begin on the same line as the rest of
the citation information, with a break inserted after a slash, if needed.
Web page
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2009). 2009 H1N1 Flu ("Swine
Flu") and You. Retrieved from
http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/qa.htm
Blog Post
McAdoo, T. (2009, September 10). Use of First Person in APA Style [Web log
message]. Retrieved from http://blog.apastyle.org/.
In blog posts, authors may adopt a screen name. Use that screen name as the
author if that is the name under which that person posts messages.
Online Video
BirdTricks. (2008, April 27). Tips for training a
parrot to talk [Video file]. Retrieved from
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=89dZNPPYOdk
A screen name is used for the author name in this example.
Data Sets
Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. (2007).
Eurobarometer 68.1: The European parliament and media usage,
September-November 2007 [Data file and code book]. Retrieved from
http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/ICPSR/access/index.jsp
Government Information
(Publication
Manual, Chapter 7.03, p. 205 and Appendix 7.1 References to Legal Materials)
See
Citing
Government Documents
[automated fill-in form from Arizona State
University Library]
Unpublished
(Publication Manual Chapter
7.09)
Interview
In APA Style, personal communications are not considered verifiable or
recoverable; they should be cited in the text only and not included in the
reference list. (Publication Manual, chapter 6.20)
in text example: (H.C. Payne, personal communication, May 22, 1998)"