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Bryan G's List: Are panic attacks inherited, learned, or just a chemical imbalance?

  • Introduction

    I am conducting this research to find out what the causes of panic attacks are. This research will help people suffering from panic attacks to know what possible causes there are and to better facilitate their doctors when seeking treatment. Doctors are behind different theories as to the causes, many say there isn't just one single cause, but one or two main causes compounded by other factor in each individuals life.

  • Oct 06, 11

    McCann, Una, Dr. "Anxiety and the development of heart disease." Hopkinsmedicine.org. Web. October 6, 2011.I found this resource while searching the internet for links between heart attacks and panic attacks.  The author discusses research of a possible link tying heart disease and panic attacks together.  Dr. Una is a Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at John Hopkins School of Medicine.

  • Oct 06, 11

    Brantley, Jeffrey. “Calming Your Anxious Mind : How Mindfulness and Compassion Can Free You from Anxiety, Fear, and Panic.” New Harbinger Publications, June 2007. Online. October 6, 2011.

    I found this resource by searching the MCC library database online for books on the subject of curing panic attacks with a mind over matter approach.  The book teaches a person how to use meditation and positive thinking to overcome panic and anxiety.

  • Oct 07, 11

    M. Dierssen, et al. "Candidate genes for panic disorder: insight from human and mouse genetic studies." Genes, Brain & Behavior 6.Suppl1 (2007): 2-23. PsycINFO. EBSCO. Web. 6 Oct. 2011.

    I found this resource by searching the internet for panic attacks relating to genetics.  This resource is part of a study conducted to prove a genetic link to panic attacks and disorder.  The authors are affliated with the Genes and Disease Program at Pmpeu Fabra University in Spain.

  • Sep 17, 11

    Croft, Harry Dr, healthyplace. Causes of Panic Disorder. Online video. December 26, 2008. September 17, 2011.

    I found this video on youtube after searching for causes of panic attacks. In this video Dr. Croft discusses different causes of panic disorder, specifically psychological trauma, learned behavior, and biological or chemical change in the brain. He proceeds to discuss evidence of chemical changes that cause panic attacks and medication that to reduce panic attacks. Dr. Croft was the medical director at healthyplace.com at the time of the publishing.

  • Sep 29, 11

    Barlow, David H., Timothy A. Brown, and Michelle G. Craske. "Definitions of panic attacks and panic disorder in the DSM-IV: Implications for research." Journal of Abnormal Psychology 103.3 (1994): 553-564. PsycARTICLES. EBSCO. Web. 29 Sept. 2011.

    I found this source by searching the Psychology database through the MCC library. The authors discuss the definition of panic attack in great detail. They compare different types of panic attacks in relation to their causes. This resource is taken from an article in the Journal of Abnormal Psychology.

  • Oct 06, 11

    Horwath, EwaldAdams, PhillipWickramaratne, PriyaPine, DanielWeissman, Myrna M. "Panic disorder with smothering symptoms: Evidence for increased risk in first-degree relatives." Depression & Anxiety (1091-4269) 6.4 (1997): 147-153. Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection. EBSCO. Web. 6 Oct. 2011.

    I found this resource searching the databases at the MCC library online.  This resource is a study about the effects of CO2 triggering a panic attack from a suffocation response.  This resource is a published article in Depression & Anxiety.

  • Sep 22, 11

    "Posttraumatic Disorders." Encyclopedia of Applied Psychology. Oxford: Elsevier Science & Technology, 2004. Credo Reference. Web. 22 September 2011.

    I found this source while searching through eBooks online at the MCC library. This source contains information about different mental disorders that cause panic attacks. The source was taken from the encyclopedia of Applied Psychology.

  • Sep 29, 11

    Saxbe, Darby. "The Fear of Fear Itself." Psychology Today 38.6 (2005): 28. Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection. EBSCO. Web. 29 Sept. 2011.

    I found this resource by searching the psychology databases at the MCC library online. The author of this resource briefly discusses what panic attacks are, possible causes, and panic disorder. The author discusses treatment in terms of medicating, cognitive-behavioral therapy, or exposure therapy. The resource was published in a published journal.

  • Sep 03, 11

    Glazer, Sarah." Treating anxiety". CQ Researcher, 12,(2002). 97-120. Retrieved from http://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher

    I found this source by searching CQ Researcher for anxiety disorders. The author discusses different treatments for anxiety. She seems to favor cognitive-behavioral therapy, but does mention “talking” therapy and medication for many mental disorders including panic attacks. She discusses the different names that have been used over the years for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and the events that caused them. Sarah Glazer is a published author of articles in newspapers, magazines, and in a book of essays.

  • Sep 29, 11

    Nancy Jo Dunn, et al. "Treating comorbid panic disorder in veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder." Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 76.4 (2008): 704-710. PsycARTICLES. EBSCO. Web. 29 Sept. 2011

    I found this resource while searching the psychology databases at the MCC library online. The resource is a research study conducted on veterans diagnosed with chronic PTSD. The study attempts to prove panic control therapy is a very effect way to combat panic attacks. This study is published in a peer reviewed journal.

  • Sep 29, 11

    Channel Four Television. Venturing Out: Agoraphobics Confront Their Fears. Online Video. 2006. September 28, 2011.

    I found this resource while searching the MCC library databases for panic attack. This video shows the signs, symptoms, and treatment for panic attacks specifically dealing with Agoraphobia. The video shows first hand problems of day to day life while dealing with panic attacks. The doctor who conducts the treatment in the video is Dr. Paul Salkovskis. He is a Professor and Programme Director at the University of Bath in the United Kingdom.

  • Sep 29, 11

    Ankrom, Sheryl. “What Causes Panic Disorder?” About.com. July 20, 2009. The New York Times Company. September 29, 2011.

    I found this resource by searching the internet for causes of panic disorder. This website focuses more on the genetic link of panic attacks. About.com uses subject matter experts to write their content.

  • Sep 09, 11

    Arkowitz, Hal, and Scott O. Lilienfeld. “Why Do We Panic? A better understanding of the path from stress to anxiety to full-blown panic disorder offers soothing news for sufferers.” Scientific America. October 2008. http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=why-do-we-panic. September 09, 2011.

    I discovered this source while searching the internet for causes of panic attacks. The source discusses possible causes of panic attacks, specifically genetic predisposition and learned behavior. Both of the authors hold PhDs and are affiliated with public universities and published authors.

  • Conclusion

    As discussed in the research, panic attacks may be attributed to many different causes or combinations of causes. Researchers have concluded there is not enough information on the subject to have one cause or one treatment. Although there are many different treatments, only you and your doctor can find the best fit for your individual problem.

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