1 Dissociative Identity Disorder (formerly Multiple Personality Disorder) Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), previously referred to as multiple personality
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A Girl Not Named Sybil
By DEBBIE NATHAN
Published: October 14, 2011
By the New York Times
On the couch she talked about her old feelings of loneliness, her simultaneous sense of superiority and worthlessness, her puzzling body aches. After several sessions with Wilbur, the insomnia worsened and so did her menstrual pain. To treat these problems, Wilbur wrote prescriptions for powerful drugs: Seconal to help her sleep, Daprisal for her cramps. Seconal was later determined to be habit-forming (it is now typically prescribed for no longer than two weeks) and Daprisal eventually proved so addictive that it was yanked from the market. Many doctors prescribed these drugs in the 1950s, but Wilbur sometimes gave Mason higher doses of her medications than was customary.
Wilbur was astounded. She believed Mason was experiencing what were known as fugue states, a condition she treated in her very first patient in 1940. A person suffering from a fugue state left home for hours, days or even weeks, and behaved like someone else entirely. Fugue states were a rare form of hysteria caused by dissociation. From Wilbur’s point of view, they were also spectacular.
Wilbur decided that she would have to psychoanalyze not just Shirley but Peggy Ann, Peggy Lou and Vicky. She vowed to treat her patient no matter how much time it took. The treatment would be given on credit.
“It’s like love, and love hurts,” Vicky answered. “When people love you they hit you this way and this way with the knuckles and they slap you.”
Trauma. Finally. Vicky had more. “And they put flashlights in you and bottles out of little silver boxes and they put a blanket over your face and hold a light over. You can’t breathe and it hurts and you kick and you can’t move.”
Who had done it? Wilbur figured it was Mason’s mother, Mattie — after all, as many psychiatrists and psychoanalysts believed in the 1950s, people with emotional problems were almost always hurt by their mothers. Wilbur began to suspect that Mattie Mason was a paranoid schizophrenic.
Wilbur frequently made house calls, even on evenings and weekends. Sometimes she crawled into bed with Mason to administer electric shocks with a special machine. She helped Mason financially by trying to sell her paintings. She also offered to get her into medical school and pay her tuition and living expenses. One day she approached her about doing a book on her most special patient. Mason agreed to participate.
The therapy continued for years. It included regular sodium pentothal injections, though psychiatrists in the 1950s knew the drug was addictive. It eventually dawned on Wilbur that Mason was becoming dependent on the drug. But when she tried to stop administering pentothal, Mason became frantic. She spent hours scolding, cajoling and groveling, on the phone and in single-spaced typed letters. She began to sprout additional alters.
“I am not going to tell you there isn’t anything wrong,” the letter continued. “But it is not what I have led you to believe. . . . I do not have any multiple personalities. . . . I do not even have a ‘double.’ . . . I am all of them. I have been essentially lying.”
Mason was the most important patient in Wilbur’s professional career. She was preserving the tape-recorded narcosynthesis interviews she was doing with Mason and preparing to speak about the case at professional meetings. Wilbur told her patient that the recantation was “a major defensive maneuver,” merely the ego’s attempt to trick itself into thinking it didn’t need therapy. But Mason did need it, badly, Wilbur insisted. She was denying that she’d been tortured by her mother; this showed she really had been tortured.
Mason would eventually give up pentothal. She would give up her alters (Wilbur pronounced her “cured” in 1965). She would even give up her connections to family and friends, going into hiding after “Sybil” was published. But she could not give up Dr. Wilbur.
This article is adapted from “Sybil Exposed: The Extraordinary Story Behind the Famous Multiple Personality Case,” by Debbie Nathan, to be published this month by the Free Press.
Editor: Sheila Glaser