Assyntk's List: H817-learningtheories Cognitivism

• There are three main categories of learning theory: behaviourism, cognitive, and constructivism
• grew out of Gestalt psychology
• "configuration," or "pattern," and emphasizes "the whole" of human experience.
• Gestalt psychologists proposed looking at the patterns rather than isolated events

  • behaviourist=reductionist, scientific vs cognitivist=wholistic, humanist
• (1) that the memory system is an active organized processor of information and (2) that prior knowledge plays an important role in learning
• Two key assumptions
• Cognitivists consider how human memory works to promote learning
• o short term memory and long term memory
• focus of control over the learning activity
• Today, researchers are concentrating on topics like cognitive load and information processing theory.
• influencing instructional design.
• Educators employing a cognitivist approach to learning would view learning as internal mental process (including insight, information processing, memory, perception) where in order to develop learner capacity and skills to improve learning, the educator structures content of learning activities to focus on building intelligence and cognitive and meta-cognitive development
• Constructivism is a revolution in educational psychology. Built on the work of Jean Piaget and Jerome Bruner, constructivism emphasizes the importance of active involvement of learners in constructing knowledge for themselves...
• Constructivism views learning as a process in which the learner actively constructs or builds new ideas or concepts based upon current and past knowledge or experience. In other words, "learning involves constructing one's own knowledge from one's own experiences." Constructivist learning, therefore, is a very personal endeavor, whereby internalized concepts, rules, and general principles may consequently be applied in a practical real-world context.
• A brain-based theory of learning
• t Behaviourism or Cognitivism. These current theories are, by comparison to neuroscience, 'intelligent guesswork'.

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• The cognitivist paradigm essentially argues that the “black box” of the mind should be opened and understood. The learner is viewed as an information processor (like a computer
• Cognitivism uses the metaphor of the mind as computer: information comes in, is being processed, and leads to certain outcomes.

• tools designed to help organize material and connect the known to the unknown
• utilize the knowledge they already have regarding a subject
• allowing students to take the more simplistic general information from the beginning stages of a lesson and advance to more complex information
• As an introduction to a new topic
• task planner

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