Antonio Matas's List: Simulaciones

• no significant difference between the groups or interaction between the factors
• This is probably because of the huge variations present in the data
• subjects
• inexperienced drivers
• Music is most likely one of the many driving distractions, but it might actually help drivers by drawing attention away from stress, anger, and other, more dangerous distractions (Wiesenthal, Hennessy, and Totten, 2003)
• However, some music can affect emotions negatively as well (Oldham et al., 1995). Songs with particularly angry or violent words have been shown to facilitate reckless behavior (Weisenthal, et al., 2003)
• They stated that drivers begin to approach the optimal speed when they are distracted, and that speed limits increase mental demand. In their study, they found that subjects actually maintained lower speeds when the speedometer was hidden.
• The effects of loud music could be a result of limited attention capacity, which is influenced by system arousal. Certain levels of music could hide distractions and allow the listener to focus on the relevant, but louder music masks important cues (Turner et al., 1996). Softer music actually requires extra concentration to be heard (Turner et al., 1996; Oldham et al., 1995; Brodsky, 2002)
• Reaction time to visual events decreases as the volume approaches the preferred amplitude of the listener, the “comfort level”. Turner, Fernandez, and Nelson (1996) found this to be around 72 dBA for males and 66 dBA for females, but believed that it changes depending on the environment.
• nother theory is that loud music may actually have positive effects on visual concentration in front of the driver, but hinders peripheral vision (Brodsky, 2002). Research has shown that music does require mental effort to listen to, more than most other sounds (Brodsky, 2002).

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