alex Christodoulou's List: comps2

• as an organizational pattern and combines both summary and   synthesis
• summarize and synthesize   the arguments and ideas of others
• Do they present one   or different solutions? Is there an aspect of the field that is missing?   How well do they present the material and do they portray it according   to an appropriate theory? Do they reveal a trend in the field? A raging   debate? Pick one of these themes to focus the organization of your review.
• consider instead what   themes or issues connect your sources together.
• rather it will argue for a particular perspective on the material

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• • information seeking: the ability to scan the literature efficiently, using manual or computerized methods, to identify a set of useful articles and books
   
  • critical appraisal: the ability to apply principles of analysis to identify unbiased and valid studies.
• • be organized around and related directly to the thesis or research question you are developing
   
  • synthesize results into a summary of what is and is not known
   
  • identify areas of controversy in the literature
   
  • formulate questions that need further research
• Instead, organize the literature review into sections that present themes or identify trends, including relevant theory.

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• • reviews of books and films. Probably more useful for teaching purposes
• • use for applied research
• Counseling and Therapy in Video  -
• • database for post traumatic syndrome

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• is not the same distinction as that between a type and (what logicians call) its occurrences.
• These are types, as are the twenty-six letters of the English alphabet, and its eighteen cardinal vowels.
• Thus, linguistics is apparently committed to the existence of these words, which are types.
• It seems to hinge on whether a mental event (token) or part of it could be a meaning, a matter that cannot be gone into here.
• relation between the meaning of a sentence type and the speaker's meaning in using a token (a relation that figures prominently in Grice 1969)
• On this type view, thinking and feeling are certain types of neurological processes, so absent those processes, there can be no thinking. The token identity theory (defended by Kim (1966) and Davidson (1980) among others) maintains that every token mental event is some token physical event or other, but it denies that a type match-up must be expected. So for example, even if pain in humans turns out to be c-fiber stimulation, there may be other life forms that lack c-fibers but have pains too. And even if consciousness in humans turns out to be a brain waves that occur 40 times per second, perhaps androids have consciousness even if they lack such brain waves.
• Beethoven wrote nine symphonies, but although he conducted the first performance of Symphony No. 9, he never heard the Ninth, whereas the rest of us have all heard it, that is, we have all heard tokens of it.
• It's instructive to consider what our paradigm of a type is—a word.
• help to dispel the idea that tokens are to types as cookies are to cookie cutters.
• There are different types of types of words.
• It is, roughly, the sort of thing that merits a dictionary entry.
• the same word can be written or spoken, can have more than one correct spelling, can have more than one correct spelling at the same time, can have more than one sense at the same time and can have more than one correct pronunciation at the same time.
• A phoneme itself is a type with tokens, and so we'd also need an account of what a phoneme is, and what its tokens have in common (if anything). Saying what a phoneme is promises to be at least as hard as saying what a letter is. Phonology, the study of phonemes, is distinct from phonetics, the scientific study of speech production. Phonetics is concerned with the physical properties of sounds produced and is not language relative. Phonemes, on the other hand, are language relative: two phonetically distinct speech tokens may be classified as tokens of the same phoneme relative to one language, or as tokens of different phonemes relative to another language. Phonemes are theoretical entities, and abstract ones at that: they are sometimes said to be sets of features. The bottom line is that the phonological word is not the lexicographical one either.

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