Adrienne E.'s List: clarinet

• Invented around 1690
• evolved from an earlier instrument called the chalumeau
• Johann Christoph Denner of Nuremburg with the help of his son Jacob improved the chalumeau, creating a new instrument called the clarinet.
• 1843, the clarinet was further improved when Klose adapted the Boehm flute key system to the clarinet. Mozart was the first composer to use the clarinet in a symphony.

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• first true single reed instrument. It appeared in the late 1600's and wasn't very flexible and had a range of about 1.5 octaves.
• Johann Christoph Denner (Nuremburg) and his son, Jacob are attributed to innovating the speaker key which gave the clarinet a larger register.

• next major development in the history of clarinet was the invention of the modern pad.
• 1812, Ivan Mueller, a Russian-born clarinetist and inventor, developed a new type of pad which was covered in leather or fish bladder. This was completely airtight, so the number of keys could be increased enormously.
• He designed a new type of clarinet with seven finger holes and thirteen keys.
• final development in the modern design of the clarinet used in most of the world today was introduced by Hyacinthe Klosé in 1839
• devised a different arrangement of keys and finger holes which allow simpler fingering. It was inspired by the Boehm System developed by Theobald Boehm, a flute maker who had invented the system for flutes.
• different from the one used on flutes

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• twelfth century to refer to various sorts of pipes,
• late seventeenth century an improved form of the chalumeau was developed. This baroque chalumeau represents the link between the recorder and the clarinet, and is essentially a cylindrical bore recorder with a mouthpiece like that of a clarinet and two additional "throat" keys controlling notes at the top of the fundamental register. The chalumeau continued to develop for several decades alongside the clarinet, and it has a large repertoire in 18th century orchestral and chamber music.^[2].
• The clarinet was developed from the chalumeau primarily by displacing the B♭ key up towards the mouthpiece, reducing the size of the hole and inserting a register tube; here it still produces B♭, but functions in addition as a register key, allowing the upper range to be easily sounded.^[2]

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